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Starke S, Zwanenburg A, Leger K, Lohaus F, Linge A, Kalinauskaite G, Tinhofer I, Guberina N, Guberina M, Balermpas P, von der Grün J, Ganswindt U, Belka C, Peeken JC, Combs SE, Boeke S, Zips D, Richter C, Troost EGC, Krause M, Baumann M, Löck S. Multitask Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers Can Improve Outcome Prediction for Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4897. [PMID: 37835591 PMCID: PMC10571894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural-network-based outcome predictions may enable further treatment personalization of patients with head and neck cancer. The development of neural networks can prove challenging when a limited number of cases is available. Therefore, we investigated whether multitask learning strategies, implemented through the simultaneous optimization of two distinct outcome objectives (multi-outcome) and combined with a tumor segmentation task, can lead to improved performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViTs). Model training was conducted on two distinct multicenter datasets for the endpoints loco-regional control (LRC) and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively. The first dataset consisted of pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) imaging for 290 patients and the second dataset contained combined positron emission tomography (PET)/CT data of 224 patients. Discriminative performance was assessed by the concordance index (C-index). Risk stratification was evaluated using log-rank tests. Across both datasets, CNN and ViT model ensembles achieved similar results. Multitask approaches showed favorable performance in most investigations. Multi-outcome CNN models trained with segmentation loss were identified as the optimal strategy across cohorts. On the PET/CT dataset, an ensemble of multi-outcome CNNs trained with segmentation loss achieved the best discrimination (C-index: 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.36) and successfully stratified patients into groups with low and high risk of disease progression (p=0.003). On the CT dataset, ensembles of multi-outcome CNNs and of single-outcome ViTs trained with segmentation loss performed best (C-index: 0.26 and 0.26, CI: 0.18-0.34 and 0.18-0.35, respectively), both with significant risk stratification for LRC in independent validation (p=0.002 and p=0.011). Further validation of the developed multitask-learning models is planned based on a prospective validation study, which has recently completed recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Starke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, Department of Information Services and Computing, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alex Zwanenburg
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karoline Leger
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Goda Kalinauskaite
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (I.T.)
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (I.T.)
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nika Guberina
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany (M.G.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maja Guberina
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany (M.G.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.B.); (J.v.d.G.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens von der Grün
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.B.); (J.v.d.G.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (U.G.); (C.B.); (J.C.P.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group, Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (U.G.); (C.B.); (J.C.P.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group, Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan C. Peeken
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (U.G.); (C.B.); (J.C.P.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (U.G.); (C.B.); (J.C.P.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Boeke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Richter
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther G. C. Troost
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Radiooncology/Radiobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.L.); (F.L.); (A.L.); (C.R.); (E.G.C.T.); (M.K.); (M.B.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
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Mohammadi A, Torres-Cuenca T, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Faeghi F, Acharya UR, Abbasian Ardakani A. Deep Radiomics Features of Median Nerves for Automated Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome With Ultrasound Images: A Multi-Center Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:2257-2268. [PMID: 37159483 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultrasound is widely used in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, the limitations of ultrasound in CTS detection are the lack of objective measures in the detection of nerve abnormality and the operator-dependent nature of ultrasound imaging. Therefore, in this study, we developed and proposed externally validated artificial intelligence (AI) models based on deep-radiomics features. METHODS We have used 416 median nerves from 2 countries (Iran and Colombia) for the development (112 entrapped and 112 normal nerves from Iran) and validation (26 entrapped and 26 normal nerves from Iran, and 70 entrapped and 70 normal nerves from Columbia) of our models. Ultrasound images were fed to the SqueezNet architecture to extract deep-radiomics features. Then a ReliefF method was used to select the clinically significant features. The selected deep-radiomics features were fed to 9 common machine-learning algorithms to choose the best-performing classifier. The 2 best-performing AI models were then externally validated. RESULTS Our developed model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.910 (88.46% sensitivity, 88.46% specificity) and 0.908 (84.62% sensitivity, 88.46% specificity) with support vector machine and stochastic gradient descent (SGD), respectively using the internal validation dataset. Furthermore, both models consistently performed well in the external validation dataset, and achieved an AUC of 0.890 (85.71% sensitivity, 82.86% specificity) and 0.890 (84.29% sensitivity and 82.86% specificity), with SVM and SGD models, respectively. CONCLUSION Our proposed AI models fed with deep-radiomics features performed consistently with internal and external datasets. This justifies that our proposed system can be employed for clinical use in hospitals and polyclinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Thomas Torres-Cuenca
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fariborz Faeghi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ali Abbasian Ardakani
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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