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Guo S, Zhou X, Lee JK, Guo Q, Liu X, Wu Y, Ma M, Zhang Z, Liu Z. Nanoscale Identification of Local Strain Effect on TMD Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:31920-31926. [PMID: 39514092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Strain engineering plays a crucial role in activating the basal plane of the TMD catalysts. However, experimental evidence linking strain strength to activity and distinguishing effects of compressive and tensile strain remains elusive due to the absence of high-resolution in situ correlation techniques. Here, we utilize nanobubble imaging by on-chip total-internal reflection microscopy to visualize active sites on the basal plane of strained MoS2 during hydrogen evolution reaction and atomic force microscopy to correlatively capture the nanoscale morphology and strain maps. By integrating the activity, morphology, and strain maps into comprehensive statistical analyses, we elucidate the strain effect on local activity at both multiprotrusion and (sub)single-protrusion levels. Our findings demonstrate that strain effectively activates sulfur vacancies on the basal plane, with tensile strain significantly enhancing local activity compared to compressive strain. Furthermore, we observe a time-dependent propagation of activity from high-activity to low-activity regions within single protrusions. This work clarifies the interplay between structural morphology and catalytic activity and provides new guidelines for the rational design of optimal TMD catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiuxian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Jinn-Kye Lee
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Qing Guo
- Institute of High-Performance Computing (IHPC) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138632 Singapore
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Mingyu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 639798 Singapore
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Zhao X, Chen H, Cui Y, Zhang X, Hao R. Dual-Mode Imaging of Dynamic Interaction between Bubbles and Single Nanoplates during the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400273. [PMID: 38552218 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Gas bubble formation at electrochemical interfaces can significantly affect the efficiency and durability of electrocatalysts. However, obtaining comprehensive details on bubble evolution dynamics, particularly their dynamic interaction with high-performance structured electrocatalysts, poses a considerable challenge. Herein, dual-mode interference/total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy is introduced, which allows for the simultaneous capture of the evolution pathway of bubbles and the 3D motion of nanoplate electrocatalysts, providing high-resolution and accurate spatiotemporal information. During the hydrogen evolution reaction, the dynamics of hydrogen bubble generation and their interactions with single nanoplate electrocatalysts at the electrochemical interface are observed. The results unveiled that, under constant potential, bubbles initially manifest as fast-moving nanobubbles, transforming into stationary microbubbles subsequently. The morphology of stationary nanoplates regulates the trajectories of these moving nanobubbles while the pinned microbubbles induce the motion of the electrocatalysts. The dual-mode microscopy can be employed to scrutinize numerous multiphase electrochemical interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution, which can facilitate the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Houkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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Abstract
Due to the complexity of heterogeneous reactions and heterogeneities of individual catalyst particles in size, morphology, and the surrounding medium, it is very important to characterize the structure of nanocatalysts and measure the reaction process of nanocatalysis at the single-particle level. Traditional ensemble measurements, however, only provide averaged results of billions of nanoparticles (NPs), which do not help reveal structure–activity relationships and may overlook a few NPs with high activity. The advent of dark-field microscopy (DFM) combined with plasmonic resonance Rayleigh scattering (PRRS) spectroscopy provides a powerful means for directly recording the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum of single plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs), which also enables quantitative measurements. In recent years, DFM has developed rapidly for a series of single-particle catalytic reactions such as redox reactions, electrocatalytic reactions, and DNAzyme catalysis, with the ability to monitor the catalytic reaction process in real time and reveal the catalytic mechanism. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and practical applications of DFM in measuring various kinds of catalysis (including chemocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and biocatalysis) at the single-particle level. Perspectives on the remaining challenges and future trends in this field are also proposed.
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Chen Q, Zhao J, Deng X, Shan Y, Peng Y. Single-Entity Electrochemistry of Nano- and Microbubbles in Electrolytic Gas Evolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6153-6163. [PMID: 35762985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gas bubbles are found in diverse electrochemical processes, ranging from electrolytic water splitting to chlor-alkali electrolysis, as well as photoelectrochemical processes. Understanding the intricate influence of bubble evolution on the electrode processes and mass transport is key to the rational design of efficient devices for electrolytic energy conversion and thus requires precise measurement and analysis of individual gas bubbles. In this Perspective, we review the latest advances in single-entity measurement of gas bubbles on electrodes, covering the approaches of voltammetric and galvanostatic studies based on nanoelectrodes, probing bubble evolution using scanning probe electrochemistry with spatial information, and monitoring the transient nature of nanobubble formation and dynamics with opto-electrochemical imaging. We emphasize the intrinsic and quantitative physicochemical interpretation of single gas bubbles from electrochemical data, highlighting the fundamental understanding of the heterogeneous nucleation, dynamic state of the three-phase boundary, and the correlation between electrolytic bubble dynamics and nanocatalyst activities. In addition, a brief discussion of future perspectives is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yun Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Reaction-diffusion model to quantify and visualize mass transfer and deactivation within core-shell polymeric microreactors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1999-2008. [PMID: 34749148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The performance of a polymeric core-shell microreactor depends critically on (i) mass transfer, (ii) catalyzed chemical reaction, and (iii) deactivation within the nonuniform core-shell microstructure environment. As such, these three basic working principles control the active catalytic phase density in the reactor. THEORY We present a high-fidelity, image-based nonequilibrium computational model to quantify and visualize the mass transport as well as the deactivation process of a core-shell polymeric microreactor. In stark contrast with other published works, our microstructure-based computer simulation can provide a single-particle visualization with a micrometer spatial accuracy. FINDINGS We show how the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics controls the product-induced deactivation process. The model predicts and visualizes the non-trivial, spatially resolved active catalyst phase patterns within a core-shell system. Moreover, we also show how the microstructure influences the formation of foulant within a core-shell structure; that is, begins from the core and grows radially onto the shell section. Our results suggest that the deactivation process is highly governed by the porosity/microstructure of the microreactor as well as the affinity of the products towards the solid phase of the reactor.
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