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Chen C, Huang X, Wang F, Yin S, Zhu Y, Han L, Chen G, Chen Z. Preparation of a modified silk-based gel/microsphere composite as a potential hepatic arterial embolization agent. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213559. [PMID: 37523824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an effective method for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, chitosan (CS), sodium glycerophosphate (GP), and sodium alginate (SA) were used as the main raw materials to develop clinically non-degradable embolization microspheres (Ms). Chitosan/sodium alginate embolization Ms. were generated using an emulsification cross-linking method. The Ms. were then uniformly dispersed in CS/GP temperature-sensitive gels to produce Gel/Ms. composite embolic agents. The results showed that Gel/Ms. had good morphology and a neatly arranged three-dimensional structure, and the Ms. dispersed in the Gel as evidenced by SEM. Furthermore, Gel/Ms. has good blood compatibility, with a hemolysis rate of ≤5 %. The cytotoxicity experiments have also proven its excellent cell compatibility. The degradation rate of Gel/Ms. was 58.869 ± 1.754 % within 4 weeks, indicating that Gel/Ms. had good degradation performance matching its drug release purpose. The Gel/Ms. adheres better at the target site than Ms. alone and releases the drug steadily over a long period, and the maximum release rate of Gel/Ms. within 8 h was 38.33 ± 1.528 %, and within 168 h was 81.266 ± 1.193 %. Overall, Gel/Ms. demonstrate better slow drug release, reduced sudden drug release, prolonged drug action time at the target site, and reduced toxic side effects on the body compared to Gel alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Fuping Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Shiyun Yin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- The seventh people's hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Lili Han
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China.
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Sun Y, Li Y, Chen B, Cui M, Xu W, Li L, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen K, Du Q, Wang Y, Pi X. High‐Efficiency Adsorption Performance of Cobalt Alginate/ Graphene Oxide Aerogel Prepared by Green Method for Methylene Blue. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Yanhui Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Mingfei Cui
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Wenshuo Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Liubo Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Mingzhen Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Qiuju Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
| | - Xinxin Pi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China Emial
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Polylactide-Grafted Metal-Alginate Aerogels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061254. [PMID: 35335584 PMCID: PMC8953683 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Τhis work describes the synthesis of PLA-grafted M-alginate (g-M-alginate; M: Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) aerogels. DL-lactide (LA) was attached on the surface of preformed M-alginate beads and was polymerized, using stannous octoate as catalyst and the –OH groups of the alginate backbone as initiators/points of attachment. The material properties of g-M-alginate aerogels were not affected much by grafting, because the linear PLA chains grew on the M-alginate framework like a brush and did not bridge their points of attachment as in polyurea-crosslinked M-alginate aerogels. Thus, all g-M-alginate aerogels retained the fibrous morphology of their parent M-alginate aerogels, and they were lightweight (bulk densities up to 0.24 g cm−3), macroporous/mesoporous materials with high porosities (up to 96% v/v). The BET surface areas were in the range of 154–542 m2 g−1, depending on the metal, the nature of the alginate framework and the PLA content. The latter was found at about 15% w/w for Ca- and Ni-based materials and at about 29% w/w for Co- and Cu-based materials. Overall, we have demonstrated a new methodology for the functionalization of alginate aerogels that opens the way to the synthesis of polylactide-crosslinked alginate aerogels with the use of multifunctional monomers.
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Huang X, Fu Q, Deng Y, Wang F, Xia B, Chen Z, Chen G. Surface roughness of silk fibroin/alginate microspheres for rapid hemostasis in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253:117256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Paraskevopoulou P, Smirnova I, Athamneh T, Papastergiou M, Chriti D, Mali G, Čendak T, Raptopoulos G, Gurikov P. Polyurea-crosslinked biopolymer aerogel beads. RSC Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurea-crosslinked calcium alginate and chitosan aerogel beads: novel fibrous biopolymer-based aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes
- Hamburg University of Technology
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany,
| | - Tamara Athamneh
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes
- Hamburg University of Technology
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany,
| | - Maria Papastergiou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Despoina Chriti
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Čendak
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials
- Hamburg University of Technology
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany,
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Chen K, Zhang H. Alginate/pectin aerogel microspheres for controlled release of proanthocyanidins. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:936-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Ganesan K, Budtova T, Ratke L, Gurikov P, Baudron V, Preibisch I, Niemeyer P, Smirnova I, Milow B. Review on the Production of Polysaccharide Aerogel Particles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2144. [PMID: 30384442 PMCID: PMC6265924 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the production of polysaccharide aerogel (bio-aerogel) particles from lab to pilot scale is surveyed in this article. An introduction to various droplets techniques available in the market is given and compared with the lab scale production of droplets using pipettes and syringes. An overview of the mechanisms of gelation of polysaccharide solutions together with non-solvent induced phase separation option is then discussed in the view of making wet particles. The main steps of particle recovery and solvent exchange are briefly described in order to pass through the final drying process. Various drying processes are overviewed and the importance of supercritical drying is highlighted. In addition, we present the characterization techniques to analyse the morphology and properties of the aerogels. The case studies of bio-aerogel (agar, alginate, cellulose, chitin, κ-carrageenan, pectin and starch) particles are reviewed. Potential applications of polysaccharide aerogel particles are briefly given. Finally, the conclusions summarize the prospects of the potential scale-up methods for producing bio-aerogel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathirvel Ganesan
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES Paris Tech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Lorenz Ratke
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Victor Baudron
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Imke Preibisch
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Niemeyer
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Milow
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
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Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Guerrero-Alburquerque N, Koebel MM, Nyström G. Biopolymer-Aerogele und -Schäume: Chemie, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components; Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components; Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Natalia Guerrero-Alburquerque
- Building Energy Materials & Components; Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components; Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Angewandte Holzforschung; Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
- Departement Gesundheitswissenschaften und Technologie; ETH Zürich; Schmelzbergstrasse 9 CH-8092 Zürich Schweiz
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9
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Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Guerrero-Alburquerque N, Koebel MM, Nyström G. Biopolymer Aerogels and Foams: Chemistry, Properties, and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7580-7608. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Natalia Guerrero-Alburquerque
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Applied Wood Materials Laboratory; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa); Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology; ETH Zurich; Schmelzbergstrasse 9 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
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Pan M, Tang Z, Tu J, Wang Z, Chen Q, Xiao R, Liu H. Porous chitosan microspheres containing zinc ion for enhanced thrombosis and hemostasis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 85:27-36. [PMID: 29407154 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quick hemostats for non-lethal massive traumatic bleeding in battlefield and civilian accidents are important for reducing mortality and medical costs. Chitosan (CS) has been widely used as a clinic hemostat. To enhance its hemostatic efficiency, Zn2+ in the form of zinc alginate (ZnAlg) was introduced to CS to make porous CS@ZnAlg microspheres with ZnAlg component on the surface. Such microspheres were prepared by successive steps of micro-emulsion, polyelectrolyte adhesion, and thermally induced phase separation. Their structure and hemostatic performance were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS and a series of in vitro hemostatic experiments including thromboelastography analysis. The composite microspheres had an outer and internal interconnected porous structure. Their size, surface area, and water absorption ratio were ca. 70μm, 48m2/g, and 1850%, respectively. Compared to the neat chitosan microspheres, the CS@ZnAlg microspheres showed shorter onset of clot formation, much faster in vitro and in vivo whole blood clotting, bigger clot, less blood loss, and shorter hemostatic time in the rat liver laceration and tail amputation models. The synergetic hemostatic effects from (1) the electrostatic attraction between chitosan component and red blood cells, (2) the activation of coagulation factor XII by Zn2+ of zinc alginate component, and (3) physical blocking by microsphere matrix, contributed to the enhanced hemostatic performance of CS@ZnAlg microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zonghao Tang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jianbing Tu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Qinhui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Rongdong Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China.
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11
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High pressure impregnation of vitamin D 3 into polysaccharide aerogels using moderate and low temperatures. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Raman S, Gurikov P, Smirnova I. Hybrid alginate based aerogels by carbon dioxide induced gelation: Novel technique for multiple applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Cuadros TR, Erices AA, Aguilera JM. Porous matrix of calcium alginate/gelatin with enhanced properties as scaffold for cell culture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 46:331-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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The effects of particle size on the physicochemical properties of optimized astaxanthin-rich Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous-loaded microparticles. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Mikkonen KS, Parikka K, Ghafar A, Tenkanen M. Prospects of polysaccharide aerogels as modern advanced food materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Knez Ž, Markočič E, Novak Z, Hrnčič M. Processing Polymeric Biomaterials using Supercritical CO2. CHEM-ING-TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Alnaief M, Alzaitoun M, García-González C, Smirnova I. Preparation of biodegradable nanoporous microspherical aerogel based on alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Liu C, Guo X, Cui H, Yuan R. An amperometric biosensor fabricated from electro-co-deposition of sodium alginate and horseradish peroxidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Liu F, Carlos LD, Ferreira RAS, Rocha J, Gaudino MC, Robitzer M, Quignard F. Photoluminescent Porous Alginate Hybrid Materials Containing Lanthanide Ions. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1945-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8002122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Liu
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis D. Carlos
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rute A. S. Ferreira
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Concetta Gaudino
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mike Robitzer
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Françoise Quignard
- Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal, Institut Charles Gerhardt- Montpellier, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier, France, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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