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Bochynek M, Lewińska A, Witwicki M, Dębczak A, Łukaszewicz M. Formation and structural features of micelles formed by surfactin homologues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1211319. [PMID: 37485321 PMCID: PMC10360134 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1211319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin, a group of cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis, possesses surfactant properties and is a promising natural and biologically active compound. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of surfactin, including its production, chromatographic separation into pure homologues (C12, C13, C14, C15), and investigation of their physicochemical properties. We determined adsorption isotherms and interpreted them using the Gibbs adsorption equation, revealing that the C15 homologue exhibited the strongest surface tension reduction (27.5 mN/m), while surface activity decreased with decreasing carbon chain length (32.2 mN/m for C12). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) were also determined, showing a decrease in CMC values from 0.35 mM for C12 to 0.08 mM for C15. We employed dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to estimate the size of micellar aggregates, which increased with longer carbon chains, ranging from 4.7 nm for C12 to 5.7 nm for C15. Furthermore, aggregation numbers were determined, revealing the number of molecules in a micelle. Contact angles and emulsification indexes (E24) were measured to assess the functional properties of the homologues, showing that wettability increased with chain length up to C14, which is intriguing as C14 is the most abundant homologue. Our findings highlight the relationship between the structure and properties of surfactin, providing valuable insights for understanding its biological significance and potential applications in various industries. Moreover, the methodology developed in this study can be readily applied to other cyclic lipopeptides, facilitating a better understanding of their structure-properties relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bochynek
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- InventionBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- OnlyBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- InventionBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Battista S, Bellio P, Fagnani L, Allegritti E, Nazzicone L, Galantini L, Celenza G, Giansanti L. Structurally Related Liposomes Containing N-Oxide Surfactants: Physicochemical Properties and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in Combination with Therapeutically Available Antibiotics. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:788-797. [PMID: 35170971 PMCID: PMC8905576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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Although liposomes
are largely investigated as drug delivery systems,
they can also exert a pharmacological activity if devoid of an active
principle as a function of their composition. Specifically, charged
liposomes can electrostatically interact with bacterial cells and,
in some cases, induce bacterial cell death. Moreover, they also show
a high affinity toward bacterial biofilms. We investigated the physicochemical
and antimicrobial properties of liposomes formulated with a natural
phospholipid and four synthetic l-prolinol-derived surfactants
at 9/1 and 8/2 molar ratios. The synthetic components differ in the
nature of the polar headgroup (quaternary ammonium salt or N-oxide) and/or the length of the alkyl chain (14 or 16
methylenes). These differences allowed us to investigate the effect
of the molecular structure of liposome components on the properties
of the aggregates and their ability to interact with bacterial cells.
The antimicrobial properties of the different formulations were assessed
against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Drug–drug
interactions with four classes of available clinical antibiotics were
evaluated against Staphylococcus spp. The target
of each class of antibiotics plays a pivotal role in exerting a synergistic
effect. Our results highlight that the liposomal formulations with
an N-oxide moiety are required for the antibacterial
activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, we observed
a synergism between oxacillin and liposomes containing 20 molar percentage
of N-oxide surfactants onStaphylococcus
haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, andStaphylococcus aureus. In the
case of liposomes containing 20 molar percentage of the N-oxide surfactant with 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain for S. epidermidis, the minimum inhibitory concentration
was 0.125 μg/mL, well below the breakpoint value of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Battista
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Bellio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Lorenza Fagnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Elena Allegritti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Lisaurora Nazzicone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Luisa Giansanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
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3
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Use of N-oxide and cationic surfactants to enhance antioxidant properties of (+)-usnic acid loaded liposomes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Influence of structurally related micelle forming surfactants on the antioxidant activity of natural substances. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Śliwa P, Śliwa K, Sikora E, Ogonowski J, Oszmiański J, Nowicka P. Incorporation of bioflavonoids from Bidens tripartite into micelles of non-ionic surfactants - experimental and theoretical studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110553. [PMID: 31627100 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical extraction methods used for an isolation of active substances from the plant material are expensive, complicated and often environmentally unfriendly. The ultrasonic assistance micelle-mediated extraction method (UAMME) seems to be an interesting alternative. The aim of this work was to compare an efficiency of water solutions of three non-ionic surfactants: C9-11 Pareth-5, PPG-6 Steareth-7 and PPG-4 Laureth-5 in UAMME of Bidens tripartita. Subsequently, the obtained extracts were separated into two immiscible phases, a polyphenols rich surfactants phase and an aqueous phase by its heating above surfactants cloud points (CPC) or by salting out with NaCl. Along with decreasing the Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Balance (HLB) factor value of surfactants, i.e. increase of the hydrophobicity, a significant decreasing of the flavonoid content was observed. While polyphenols content and antioxidant activity increased. The good surface properties of all surfactants correspond to the high content of phenolic compounds in extracts and both concentration methods resulted in even a 50-fold increase of polyphenols content. Dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS) provided that solubilization of polyphenols, i.e. their incorporation into surfactants' micelles, occurred with significant enlarging of particle size. Based on the molecular dynamic simulations, the mechanism of polyphenols incorporation into micelles was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Śliwa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Karolina Śliwa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sikora
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Jan Ogonowski
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Grain Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Grain Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland
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Lewińska A, Jaromin A, Jezierska J. Role of architecture of N-oxide surfactants in the design of nanoemulsions for Candida skin infection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 187:110639. [PMID: 31776055 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present comprehensive research on the formation, stability and structural properties of oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions with the ability for topical administration, penetration of the skin and acting as antifungal agents against C. albicans. The studied nanoemulsions were composed of different ratios of double-head - single-tail surfactants {1-bis{[3-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]amido}alkane-di-N-oxides (Cn-MEDA), N,N-bis[3,3'-(dimethyl-amino)propyl]alkyl-amide di-N-oxides (Cn(DAPANO)2} and single-head - single-tail surfactants {2-(alkanoylamino)-ethyldimethyl-amine-N-oxides (Cn-EDA), and 3-(alkanoylamino) propyldimethylamine-N-oxides, (Cn-PDA)} added to the oil {isooctane IO, isopropyl myristate IPM or glyceryl monocaprylate GM as (O)} and to the water phase (W). The phase behavior of the systems was examined by a titration method. Morphology of the resulting colloids was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the particle size and size distributions determined by dynamic light scattering, and kinetic stability by multiple light scattering. While both surfactant types resulted in quite stable nanoemulsions, the systems formed using a single-headed one-tail surfactant were slightly more stable with GM or IPM. The microenvironmental properties of the nanoemulsions were studied by an electron paramagnetic resonance technique to distinguish the molecular dynamics of the different spin probes localized in the particular regions of the surfactant layers, depending on the surfactant structure and the system preparation. Skin permeation studies were performed to monitor transport through the skin, and changes in skin structure were followed using differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, the activities of curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions stabilized by N-oxide surfactants against Candida albicans fungus were evaluated. To estimate in vitro efficacy, the suitability of an N-oxide nanoemulsion dressing against wound infection with biofilm C. albicans was assessed according to the Antibiofilm Dressing's Activity Measurement. We expect that the nanoemulsion formulations tested in this study will have potential for application as topical delivery systems for pharmaceutically active compounds in skin-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Change in spectral properties of dyes upon immobilization on silicon surfaces: a combined theoretical and experimental study. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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8
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Mukherjee A, Sekar N, Panda S. Influence of the Acid–Base Component of Surface Energy on Optical Properties of Immobilized Dyes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhi Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Centre of Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Department
of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Siddhartha Panda
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Centre of Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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9
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Size characterization of commercial micelles and microemulsions by Taylor dispersion analysis. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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