Analysis of surface and bulk properties of amphiphilic drug ibuprofen and surfactant mixture in the absence and presence of electrolyte

A physicochemical investigation of the complex formation by β-cyclodextrin with Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 and their aggregation behaviour in aqueous solution: an experimental approach

The complexation behavior and binding affinity of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Triton X-114 (TX-114) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were extensively studied in an aqueous medium using a comprehensive suite of experimental techniques. These techniques allowed for the evaluation of key physicochemical parameters, including critical micelle concentration (cmc), aggregation number (Nagg), Stern-Volmer constant, and particle size distribution. These metrics were instrumental in understanding the underlying mechanism of the host-guest interaction between β-CD and Triton-X. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data provided strong evidence for the formation of inclusion complexes, demonstrating significant hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic regions of Triton-X and the cavity of β-CD. The disruption of micellar structures, caused by β-CD encapsulating the hydrophobic moieties of the surfactants, was clearly observed. This process also resulted in an increased CMC, further underscoring the impact of β-CD on the aggregation behavior of the surfactants. To quantify the interaction, the Benesi-Hildebrand method was utilized to determine the stoichiometry and binding constants of the β-CD/Triton-X complexes. The results confirmed a well-defined 1 : 1 binding mode, indicating the precise incorporation of the surfactant's hydrophobic tails into the β-CD cavity while leaving the hydrophilic regions exposed to the aqueous environment. This selective binding mechanism alters the thermodynamics of micellization and disrupts the native micellar equilibrium of the surfactant systems. This systematic and comparative investigation is among the few studies that thoroughly examine the interactions between Triton-X surfactants and β-CD. Such research not only enhances our understanding of these complexes, but also reveals their significant potential for various applications. In drug delivery, for example, β-CD/Triton-X complexes can improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. In supramolecular chemistry, these complexes serve as model systems for studying host-guest interactions and self-assembly processes. Furthermore, their ability to modulate surfactant behaviour opens avenues for their use in material science, cosmetics, and industrial formulations, where precise control over micelle formation and aggregation is essential. This study underscores the versatility and utility of β-CD in interacting with non-ionic surfactants, offering insights that can be applied to other amphiphilic systems and paving the way for innovative applications in diverse fields.

Ultraviolet light spectroscopic characterization of ibuprofen acid aggregation in deionized water

This work provides a description of the aggregation equilibria of ibuprofen acid in deionized water at temperatures between 20 and 40 °C in the 0.1-20.1 ppm concentration range. For this goal, we have made use of UV-Visible spectroscopy. A calculation algorithm was developed to obtain the aggregate orders and thermodynamic parameters from the experimental absorbance values. Monomeric ibuprofen acid was found to be absent in water solutions. In addition to the dimer, two aggregates formed by 32 and 128 monomeric units were found to co-exist in solution at the highest concentration tested. A critical micelle concentration of 7.8 ppm was estimated for this system. The appearance of the first aggregate occurs when the pH drops below the pKa value, which was determined to be 4.62. At higher ibuprofen concentrations, a sudden jump in the electrical conductivity coincides with the onset of formation of the second aggregate. A varied menu of alternatives is offered with respect to the calibration curve of ibuprofen in water, though the linear calibration of ibuprofen concentration with absorbance might be reasonably performed at 224 nm. Finally, the dissolution rate of the commercial ibuprofen used in this work was found to obey the Noyes-Whitney first order equation.

Fish Waste Based Lipopeptide Production and the Potential Application as a Bio-Dispersant for Oil Spill Control

There is a growing acceptance worldwide for the application of dispersants as a marine oil spill response strategy. The development of more effective dispersants with less toxicity and higher biodegradability would be a step forward in improving public acceptance and regulatory approvals for their use. By applying advances in environmental biotechnology, a bio-dispersant agent with a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis N3-1P as the key component was formulated in this study. The economic feasibility of producing biosurfactant (a high-added-value bioproduct) from fish waste-based peptone as a nutrient substrate was evaluated. Protein hydrolyzate was prepared from cod liver and head wastes obtained from fish processing facilities. Hydrolysis conditions (i.e., time, temperature, pH and enzyme to substrate level) for preparing protein hydrolyzates were optimized by response surface methodology using a factorial design. The critical micelle dilution (CMD) value for biosurfactant produced from the fish liver and head waste generated peptones was 54.72 and 47.59 CMD, respectively. Biosurfactant product generated by fish liver peptone had a low critical micelle concentration of 0.18 g L-1 and could reduce the surface tension of distilled water to 27.9 mN/m. Structure characterization proved that the generated biosurfactant product belongs to the lipopeptide class. An alternative to the key surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium (DOSS) used in Corexit 9500 has been proposed based on a binary mixture of lipopeptides and DOSS that exhibited synergistic effects. Using the standard baffled flask test, a high dispersion efficiency of 76.8% for Alaska North Slope oil was achieved at a biodispersant composition of 80/20 (v/v) of lipopeptides/DOSS. The results show that fish waste can be utilized to produce a more effective, environmentally acceptable and cost-efficient biodispersant that can be applied to oil spills in the marine environment.

Fullerene C60 containing porphyrin-like metal center as drug delivery system for ibuprofen drug

Today, drug delivery systems based on nanostructures have become the most efficient to be studied. Recent studies revealed that the fullerenes can be used as drug carriers and transport drugs in a target cell. The aim of the present work is to study the interaction of C60 fullerene containing porphyrin-like transition metal-N4 clusters (TMN4C55, TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen (Ibp)) by employing the method of the density functional theory. Results showed that the C60 fullerene with TMN4 clusters could significantly enhance the tendency of C60 for adsorption of ibuprofen drug. Also, our ultraviolet-visible results show that the electronic spectra of Ibp/TMN4C55 complexes exhibit a blue shift toward lower wavelengths (higher energies). It was found that the NiN4C55 fullerene had high chemical reactivity, which was important for binding of the drug onto the carrier surface. In order to gain insight into the binding features of Ibp/TMN4C55 complexes, the atoms in molecules analysis was also performed. Our results exhibit the electrostatic features of the Ibp/TMN4C55 bonding. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the TMN4C55 fullerenes could be used as potential carriers for delivery of Ibp drug in the nanomedicine domain. Graphical Abstract The TMN4C55 (TM=Fe, Co, and Ni) fullerenes could be used as potential carriers for delivery of ibuprofen drug in the nanomedicine domain.

Insights into the Interactions of Sulfamethoxazole with Organized Assemblies of Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants

This work reports the physicochemical behavior of antibiotic drug sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the presence of different surfactants, viz., cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, Tween 80, and Tween 20. The drug-surfactant systems were studied by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies to assess the binding constants ( K_b), partition coefficient ( K_x), free energy of partition (Δ G_p), aggregation number ( N_agg), and quenching constant ( K_SV). Solubilization studies were carried out to understand the encapsulation efficiency of the system, which was found to increase as a function of CTAB concentration. Surface tension measurements enabled us to determine the change in critical micelle concentration as well as to calculate the variation in surface parameters of surfactant in the presence of drug, viz., surface pressure (π), surface excess concentration (γ_max), and minimum area ( A_min). In addition, UV-visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism studies were carried out to check the effects of surfactant-based SMX formulation on serum proteins.

Interaction between a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (Ibuprofen) and an Anionic Surfactant (AOT) and Effects of Salt (NaI) and Hydrotrope (4-4-4)

Ibuprofen (IBF), 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid, is a surface-active, common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and it possesses a high critical micelle concentration (cmc) compared to that of conventional surfactants. The interactions of this common NSAID with an anionic surfactant, sodium octyl sulfosuccinate, were studied by tensiometric, fluorimetric, and calorimetric measurements to investigate this system as a possible model drug-delivery system for an NSAID like IBF, particularly in a high-dose regime for IBF. The interactions between the drug and the surfactant were modeled using a regular solution theory approach in the presence and absence of a model electrolyte (sodium iodide) and a novel nonaromatic, gemini hydrotrope, tetramethylene-1,4-bis( N, N-dimethyl- N-butylammonium)bromide (4-4-4). Both the simple and the hydrotropic electrolyte were shown to have an effect on the solution properties (aggregation parameters, interfacial properties, and thermodynamics of aggregate formation) of the drug-surfactant mixtures and on the interaction between the drug and the surfactant. Surface charges of all self-assembled systems were estimated from ζ-potential measurements, whereas density functional theory calculations showed the interaction energy comparison among all of the binary and ternary combinations. All of these results were interpreted in terms of how altering the subtle balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces can significantly improve the ability of these self-assembled systems to transport drug molecules.

Synergism between non-ionic and cationic surfactants in a concentration range of mixed monolayers at an air–water interface

The mole fractions of TX100 (Xs1) and C₁₆PC (Xs2) at the interface vs. the total surfactant concentrations in the pre-micellar region, C₁₂, at various bulk mole fractions (y₁): (●) 0.1093, (□) 0.1995, (▲) 0.2901, (+) 0.3777 (*) 0.5001 and (○) 0.5972.

Synergistic interactions of surfactant blends in aqueous medium are reciprocated in non-polar medium with improved efficacy as a nanoreactor

Efficient soft chemical nanoreactors: a design strategy to improve the performance of a model C–C cross coupling (Heck) reaction under nanoscopic confinement of surfactant blends.

Effect of Sodium Taurocholate on Aggregation Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug Solution

The aggregation behavior of promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) and bile salt (sodium taurocholate (NaTC)) mixtures at various compositions and temperature in pure and mixed states were studied using conductometry technique in aqueous solutions. The values of experimental and ideal critical micelle concentration (cmc and cmcid) propose attractive interactions in PMZ-NaTC mixtures. By applying the regular solution theory (RST) various physicochemical parameter such as micellar mole fraction in the mixed (X1) and ideal (X1id) state, interaction parameters (β), thermodynamic parameters of micellization as well as other related parameters have been evaluated and discussed in detail. The results show that the synergistic effect between drug and bile salt plays a crucial role in the redtdprefuction of the overall cmc value in aqueous solution at various composition of NaTC. The thermodynamic parameters recommend the discharge of water from the hydrophobic part of the PMZ at higher temperatures.