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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhong H, Xiong L, Song J, Zhang X, He T, Zhou X, Li L, Zhen D. Recent progress of UCNPs-MoS 2 nanocomposites as a platform for biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5024-5038. [PMID: 38712810 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Composite materials can take advantages of the functional benefits of multiple pure nanomaterials to a greater degree than single nanomaterials alone. The UCNPs-MoS2 composite is a nano-application platform that combines upconversion luminescence and photothermal properties. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are inorganic nanomaterials with long-wavelength excitation and short-wavelength tunable emission capabilities, and are able to effectively convert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light for increased photostability. However, UCNPs have a low capacity for absorbing visible light, whereas MoS2 shows better absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions. By integrating the benefits of UCNPs and MoS2, UCNPs-MoS2 nanocomposites can convert NIR light with a higher depth of detection into visible light for application with MoS2 through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which compensates for the issues of MoS2's low tissue penetration light-absorbing wavelengths and expands its potential biological applications. Therefore, starting from the construction of UCNPs-MoS2 nanoplatforms, herein, we review the research progress in biological applications, including biosensing, phototherapy, bioimaging, and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, the current challenges and future development trends of UCNPs-MoS2 nanocomposites for biological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Yiru Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Huimei Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Lihao Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Jiayi Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Ting He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xiayu Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Deshuai Zhen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Dash P, Panda PK, Su C, Lin YC, Sakthivel R, Chen SL, Chung RJ. Near-infrared-driven upconversion nanoparticles with photocatalysts through water-splitting towards cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3881-3907. [PMID: 38572601 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Water splitting is promising, especially for energy and environmental applications; however, there are limited studies on the link between water splitting and cancer treatment. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be used to convert near-infrared (NIR) light to ultraviolet (UV) or visible (Vis) light and have great potential for biomedical applications because of their profound penetration ability, theranostic approaches, low self-fluorescence background, reduced damage to biological tissue, and low toxicity. UCNPs with photocatalytic materials can enhance the photocatalytic activities that generate a shorter wavelength to increase the tissue penetration depth in the biological microenvironment under NIR light irradiation. Moreover, UCNPs with a photosensitizer can absorb NIR light and convert it into UV/vis light and emit upconverted photons, which excite the photoinitiator to create H2, O2, and/or OH˙ via water splitting processes when exposed to NIR irradiation. Therefore, combining UCNPs with intensified photocatalytic and photoinitiator materials may be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review provides a novel strategy for explaining the principles and mechanisms of UCNPs and NIR-driven UCNPs with photocatalytic materials through water splitting to achieve therapeutic outcomes for clinical applications. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of UCNP-based photocatalytic materials for water splitting for cancer treatment are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjyan Dash
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chaochin Su
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- ZhongSun Co., LTD, New Taipei City 220031, Taiwan
| | - Rajalakshmi Sakthivel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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Ghosh S, Lai JY. An insight into the dual role of MoS2-based nanocarriers in anticancer drug delivery and therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:36-60. [PMID: 38552760 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, nanomaterials have been exploited as drug delivery systems and therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Special emphasis has been placed on structure and shape-mediated drug loading and release. Functional materials, including molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have shown promising results because of their tunable structure and unmatched physicochemical properties. Specifically, easy surface functionalization and high drug adsorption ability make them ideal candidates. Although the large surface area of nanosheets/nanoflakes may result in high drug loading, the encapsulation efficiency is better for MoS2 nanoflower structures. Due to its high targeting abilities, the loading of chemotherapeutic drugs onto MoS2 may minimize nonspecific cellular death and undesired side effects. Furthermore, due to their strong light-absorption ability, MoS2 nanostructures have been widely exploited as photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The unexplored dimensions of cancer therapy, including chemodynamic (Fenton-like reaction) and piezo-catalytic (ultrasound-mediated reactive oxygen generation), have been recently unlocked, in which the catalytic properties of MoS2 are utilized to generate toxic free radicals to eliminate cancer. Intriguingly, combining these therapeutic modalities often results in high therapeutic efficacy at low doses and minimizes side effects. With a plethora of recent studies, a thorough analysis of current findings is crucial. Therefore, this review discusses the major advances in this field of research. A brief commentary on the limitations/future outlook/ethical issues of the clinical translation of MoS2-mediated cancer treatments is also deliberated. Overall, in our observations, the MoS2-based nanoformulations hold great potential for future cancer therapy applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Development of nanomedicines based on MoS2 has opened new avenues in cancer treatment. The MoS2 with different morphologies (nanosheet/nanoflower/QDs) has shown promising results in controlled and targeted drug delivery, leading to minimized side effects and increased therapeutic efficacy. While existing reviews have primarily focused on the optical/thermal properties utilized in photodynamic/photothermal therapy, the outstanding catalytic properties of MoS2 utilized in cancer therapies (chemodynamic/piezo-catalytic) are often overlooked. This review critically highlights and praises/criticizes individual articles reporting the MoS2-based nanoplatforms for cancer therapy applications. Additionally, MoS2-based combined therapies for synergistic effects are discussed. Furthermore, a brief commentary on the future prospects for clinical translations is also deliberated, which is appealing to various research communities engaged in cancer theranostics and biomedical sciences research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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Tsang CY, Zhang Y. Nanomaterials for light-mediated therapeutics in deep tissue. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2898-2931. [PMID: 38265834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated therapeutics, including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and light-triggered drug delivery, have been widely studied due to their high specificity and effective therapy. However, conventional light-mediated therapies usually depend on the activation of light-sensitive molecules with UV or visible light, which have poor penetration in biological tissues. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to engineer nanosystems that can generate luminescence through excitation with near-infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound or X-ray. Certain nanosystems can even carry out light-mediated therapy through chemiluminescence, eliminating the need for external activation. Compared to UV or visible light, these 4 excitation modes penetrate more deeply into biological tissues, triggering light-mediated therapy in deeper tissues. In this review, we systematically report the design and mechanisms of different luminescent nanosystems excited by the 4 excitation sources, methods to enhance the generated luminescence, and recent applications of such nanosystems in deep tissue light-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yin Tsang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Ferro-Flores G, Ancira-Cortez A, Ocampo-García B, Meléndez-Alafort L. Molecularly Targeted Lanthanide Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:296. [PMID: 38334567 PMCID: PMC10857384 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Injectable colloidal solutions of lanthanide oxides (nanoparticles between 10 and 100 nm in size) have demonstrated high biocompatibility and no toxicity when the nanoparticulate units are functionalized with specific biomolecules that molecularly target various proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Among the proteins successfully targeted by functionalized lanthanide nanoparticles are folic receptors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and integrins associated with tumor neovasculature. Lutetium, samarium, europium, holmium, and terbium, either as lanthanide oxide nanoparticles or as nanoparticles doped with lanthanide ions, have demonstrated their theranostic potential through their ability to generate molecular images by magnetic resonance, nuclear, optical, or computed tomography imaging. Likewise, photodynamic therapy, targeted radiotherapy (neutron-activated nanoparticles), drug delivery guidance, and image-guided tumor therapy are some examples of their potential therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of cancer theranostics based on lanthanide nanoparticles coated with specific peptides, ligands, and proteins targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (G.F.-F.); (A.A.-C.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Alejandra Ancira-Cortez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (G.F.-F.); (A.A.-C.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (G.F.-F.); (A.A.-C.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Laura Meléndez-Alafort
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35138 Padova, Italy
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Bharti S, Tripathi SK, Singh K. Recent progress in MoS 2 nanostructures for biomedical applications: Experimental and computational approach. Anal Biochem 2024; 685:115404. [PMID: 37993043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In the category of 2D materials, MoS2 a transition metal dichalcogenide, is a novel and intriguing class of materials with interesting physicochemical properties, explored in applications ranging from cutting-edge optoelectronic to the frontiers of biomedical and biotechnology. MoS2 nanostructures an alternative to heavy toxic metals exhibit biocompatibility, low toxicity and high stability, and high binding affinity to biomolecules. MoS2 nanostructures provide a lot of opportunities for the advancement of novel biosensing, nanodrug delivery system, electrochemical detection, bioimaging, and photothermal therapy. Much efforts have been made in recent years to improve their physiochemical properties by developing a better synthesis approach, surface functionalization, and biocompatibility for their safe use in the advancement of biomedical applications. The understanding of parameters involved during the development of nanostructures for their safe utilization in biomedical applications has been discussed. Computational studies are included in this article to understand better the properties of MoS2 and the mechanism involved in their interaction with biomolecules. As a result, we anticipate that this combined experimental and computational studies of MoS2 will inspire the development of nanostructures with smart drug delivery systems, and add value to the understanding of two-dimensional smart nano-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bharti
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - S K Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kedar Singh
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Hamidu A, Pitt WG, Husseini GA. Recent Breakthroughs in Using Quantum Dots for Cancer Imaging and Drug Delivery Purposes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2566. [PMID: 37764594 PMCID: PMC10535728 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Because each person's cancer may be unique, diagnosing and treating cancer is challenging. Advances in nanomedicine have made it possible to detect tumors and quickly investigate tumor cells at a cellular level in contrast to prior diagnostic techniques. Quantum dots (QDs) are functional nanoparticles reported to be useful for diagnosis. QDs are semiconducting tiny nanocrystals, 2-10 nm in diameter, with exceptional and useful optoelectronic properties that can be tailored to sensitively report on their environment. This review highlights these exceptional semiconducting QDs and their properties and synthesis methods when used in cancer diagnostics. The conjugation of reporting or binding molecules to the QD surface is discussed. This review summarizes the most recent advances in using QDs for in vitro imaging, in vivo imaging, and targeted drug delivery platforms in cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamidu
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - William G. Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Yukawa H, Sato K, Baba Y. Theranostics applications of quantum dots in regenerative medicine, cancer medicine, and infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:114863. [PMID: 37156265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted attention for their application and commercialization in all industrial fields, including communications, displays, and solar cells, due to their excellent optical properties based on the quantum size effect. In recent years, the development of QDs that do not contain cadmium which is toxic to cells and living organisms, has progressed, and they have attracted considerable attention in the bio-imaging field for targeting molecules and cells. Furthermore, recently, the need for diagnostics and treatment at the single molecule and single cell level in the medical field has been increasing, and the application of QDs in the medical field is also accelerating. Therefore, this paper outlines the frontiers of diagnostic and therapeutic applications (theranostics) of QDs, especially in advanced medical fields such as regenerative medicine, oncology, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Development of Quantum-nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 265-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Development of Quantum-nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Development of Quantum-nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Rezende TKL, Barbosa HP, dos Santos LF, de O. Lima K, Alves de Matos P, Tsubone TM, Gonçalves RR, Ferrari JL. Upconversion rare Earths nanomaterials applied to photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. Front Chem 2022; 10:1035449. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1035449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-based therapies and diagnoses including photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been used in many fields of medicine, including the treatment of non-oncological diseases and many types of cancer. PDT require a light source and a light-sensitive compound, called photosensitizer (PS), to detect and destroy cancer cells. After absorption of the photon, PS molecule gets excited from its singlet ground state to a higher electronically excited state which, among several photophysical processes, can emit light (fluorescence) and/or generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the biological responses are activated only in specific areas of the tissue that have been submitted to exposure to light. The success of the PDT depends on many parameters, such as deep light penetration on tissue, higher PS uptake by undesired cells as well as its photophysical and photochemical characteristics. One of the challenges of PDT is the depth of penetration of light into biological tissues. Because photon absorption and scattering occur simultaneously, these processes depend directly on the light wavelength. Using PS that absorbs photons on “optical transparency windows” of biological tissues promises deeper penetration and less attenuation during the irradiation process. The traditional PS normally is excited by a higher energy photon (UV-Vis light) which has become the Achilles’ heel in photodiagnosis and phototreatment of deep-seated tumors below the skin. Thus, the need to have an effective upconverter sensitizer agent is the property in which it absorbs light in the near-infrared (NIR) region and emits in the visible and NIR spectral regions. The red emission can contribute to the therapy and the green and NIR emission to obtain the image, for example. The absorption of NIR light by the material is very interesting because it allows greater penetration depth for in vivo bioimaging and can efficiently suppress autofluorescence and light scattering. Consequently, the penetration of NIR radiation is greater, activating the biophotoluminescent material within the cell. Thus, materials containing Rare Earth (RE) elements have a great advantage for these applications due to their attractive optical and physicochemical properties, such as several possibilities of excitation wavelengths – from UV to NIR, strong photoluminescence emissions, relatively long luminescence decay lifetimes (µs to ms), and high sensitivity and easy preparation. In resume, the relentless search for new systems continues. The contribution and understanding of the mechanisms of the various physicochemical properties presented by this system is critical to finding a suitable system for cancer treatment via PDT.
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A comprehensive review of synthesis, structure, properties, and functionalization of MoS2; emphasis on drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and tissue engineering applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Upconversion Nanostructures Applied in Theranostic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169003. [PMID: 36012269 PMCID: PMC9409402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconversion (UC) nanostructures, which can upconvert near-infrared (NIR) light with low energy to visible or UV light with higher energy, are investigated for theranostic applications. The surface of lanthanide (Ln)-doped UC nanostructures can be modified with different functional groups and bioconjugated with biomolecules for therapeutic systems. On the other hand, organic molecular-based UC nanostructures, by using the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) UC mechanism, have high UC quantum yields and do not require high excitation power. In this review, the major UC mechanisms in different nanostructures have been introduced, including the Ln-doped UC mechanism and the TTA UC mechanism. The design and fabrication of Ln-doped UC nanostructures and TTA UC-based UC nanostructures for theranostic applications have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, the current progress in the application of UC nanostructures for diagnosis and therapy has been summarized, including tumor-targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy, image-guided diagnosis and phototherapy, NIR-triggered controlled drug releasing and bioimaging. We also provide insight into the development of emerging UC nanostructures in the field of theranostics.
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Kong C, Xu B, Qiu G, Wei M, Zhang M, Bao S, Tang J, Li L, Liu J. Multifunctional Nanoparticles-Mediated PTT/PDT Synergistic Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Combined with Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5391-5411. [PMID: 36419717 PMCID: PMC9677922 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s373282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photoimmunotherapy is a breakthrough treatment for malignant tumors. Its uniqueness is that it uses antibody mediated targeted delivery to achieve high tumor specificity and uses laser-activated biophysical mechanism to accurately induce the rapid death of cancer cells and avoid damaging the surrounding normal tissues. Methods In this paper, an iron-based micelle was designed to encapsulate the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) and a cyclic tripeptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) as targeted multifunctional ICG@SANPs-cRGD nanoparticles for combined photothermal/photodynamic/immune therapy of breast cancer. Results The experimental results show that ICG@SANPs-cRGD nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and photothermal conversion ability. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on ICG@SANPs-cRGD can not only inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells, but also directly kill tumor cells by inducing apoptosis or necrosis. Dual-mode fluorescence light (FL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging in mice confirmed the selective accumulation at tumor sites and imaging ability of ICG@SANPs-cRGD. PTT/PDT combined with Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy based on ICG@SANPs-cRGD mediated the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells by regulating the expression of immune-related indicators and activated the body's immune response mechanism, which enhanced the immunotherapy effect of immune checkpoint block (ICB). PTT/PDT combined with Anti-PD-L1 therapy not only prevented the progression of the primary tumor but also inhibited the distant metastasis of the tumor. Discussion This study explores the biomedical application of PTT/PDT combined with Anti-PD-L1 based on ICG@SANPs-cRGD nanomaterials for breast cancer treatment and demonstrates the potential of ICG@SANPs-cRGD as a multifunctional therapeutic platform for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunqing Kong
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Banghao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxian Bao
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - JunJie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
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