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Xue L, Zhang Y, Wei F, Shi G, Tian B, Yuan Y, Jiang W, Zhao M, Hu L, Xie Z, Gu H. Recent Progress on Plant Apomixis for Genetic Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11378. [PMID: 39518931 PMCID: PMC11545481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Apomixis is a reproductive process that produces clonal seeds while bypassing meiosis (or apomeiosis) without undergoing fertilization (or pseudo-fertilization). The progenies are genetically cloned from their parents, retaining the parental genotype, and have great potential for the preservation of genes of interest and the fixing of heterosis. The hallmark components of apomixis include the formation of female gametes without meiosis, the development of fertilization-independent embryos, and the formation of functional endosperm. Understanding and utilizing the molecular mechanism of apomixis has far-reaching implications for plant genetic breeding and agricultural development. Therefore, this study focuses on the classification, influencing factors, genetic regulation, and molecular mechanism of apomixis, as well as progress in the research and application of apomixis-related genes in plant breeding. This work will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apomixis and its application for plant genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xue
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Lijiao Hu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.S.); (B.T.); (W.J.); (M.Z.); (L.H.)
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huihui Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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DNA Methyltransferases: From Evolution to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168994. [PMID: 36012258 PMCID: PMC9409253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that living beings have used in different environments. The MTases family catalyzes DNA methylation. This process is conserved from archaea to eukaryotes, from fertilization to every stage of development, and from the early stages of cancer to metastasis. The family of DNMTs has been classified into DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3. Each DNMT has been duplicated or deleted, having consequences on DNMT structure and cellular function, resulting in a conserved evolutionary reaction of DNA methylation. DNMTs are conserved in the five kingdoms of life: bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. The importance of DNMTs in whether methylate or not has a historical adaptation that in mammals has been discovered in complex regulatory mechanisms to develop another padlock to genomic insurance stability. The regulatory mechanisms that control DNMTs expression are involved in a diversity of cell phenotypes and are associated with pathologies transcription deregulation. This work focused on DNA methyltransferases, their biology, functions, and new inhibitory mechanisms reported. We also discuss different approaches to inhibit DNMTs, the use of non-coding RNAs and nucleoside chemical compounds in recent studies, and their importance in biological, clinical, and industry research.
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