1
|
Yang H, Zhu D, He S, Xu Z, Liu Z, Zhang W, Cai J. Enhancing psychiatric rehabilitation outcomes through a multimodal multitask learning model based on BERT and TabNet: An approach for personalized treatment and improved decision-making. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115896. [PMID: 38626625 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating the rehabilitation status of individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI) necessitates a comprehensive analysis of multimodal data, including unstructured text records and structured diagnostic data. However, progress in the effective assessment of rehabilitation status remains limited. Our study develops a deep learning model integrating Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and TabNet through a late fusion strategy to enhance rehabilitation prediction, including referral risk, dangerous behaviors, self-awareness, and medication adherence, in patients with SMI. BERT processes unstructured textual data, such as doctor's notes, whereas TabNet manages structured diagnostic information. The model's interpretability function serves to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the model's predictive decisions, improving patient care. Our model exhibited excellent predictive performance for all four tasks, with an accuracy exceeding 0.78 and an area under the curve of 0.70. In addition, a series of tests proved the model's robustness, fairness, and interpretability. This study combines multimodal and multitask learning strategies into a model and applies it to rehabilitation assessment tasks, offering a promising new tool that can be seamlessly integrated with the clinical workflow to support the provision of optimized patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian Zhu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Yu Z, Ye X, Zhang J, Hao X, Gao F, Yu J, Zhou C. Personalized venlafaxine dose prediction using artificial intelligence technology: a retrospective analysis based on real-world data. Int J Clin Pharm 2024:10.1007/s11096-024-01729-7. [PMID: 38733475 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venlafaxine dose regimens vary considerably between individuals, requiring personalized dosing. AIM This study aimed to identify dose-related influencing factors of venlafaxine through real-world data analysis and to construct a personalized dose model using advanced artificial intelligence techniques. METHOD We conducted a retrospective study on patients with depression treated with venlafaxine. Significant variables were selected through a univariate analysis. Subsequently, the predictive performance of seven models (XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, GBDT, ANN, TabNet, and DT) was compared. The algorithm that demonstrated optimal performance was chosen to establish the dose prediction model. Model validation used confusion matrices and ROC analysis. Additionally, a dose subgroup analysis was conducted. RESULTS A total of 298 patients were included. TabNet was selected to establish the venlafaxine dose prediction model, which exhibited the highest performance with an accuracy of 0.80. The analysis identified seven crucial variables correlated with venlafaxine daily dose, including blood venlafaxine concentration, total protein, lymphocytes, age, globulin, cholinesterase, and blood platelet count. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting venlafaxine doses of 75 mg, 150 mg, and 225 mg were 0.90, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively. CONCLUSION We successfully developed a TabNet model to predict venlafaxine doses using real-world data. This model demonstrated substantial predictive accuracy, offering a personalized dosing regimen for venlafaxine. These findings provide valuable guidance for the clinical use of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
- The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Yu
- Beijing Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100161, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxiao Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100161, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hao
- Dalian Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, 116021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Beijing Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100161, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
- The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
- The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Razavi-Termeh SV, Sadeghi-Niaraki A, Sorooshian A, Abuhmed T, Choi SM. Spatial mapping of land susceptibility to dust emissions using optimization of attentive Interpretable Tabular Learning (TabNet) model. J Environ Manage 2024; 358:120682. [PMID: 38670008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Dust pollution poses significant risks to human health, air quality, and food safety, necessitating the identification of dust occurrence and the development of dust susceptibility maps (DSMs) to mitigate its effects. This research aims to detect dust occurrence using satellite images and prepare a DSM for Bushehr province, Iran, by enhancing the attentive interpretable tabular learning (TabNet) model through three swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and hunger games search (HGS). A spatial database incorporating dust occurrence areas was created using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2002 to 2022, including 15 influential criteria related to climate, soil, topography, and land cover. Four models were employed for modeling and DSM generation: TabNet, TabNet-PSO, TabNet-GWO, and TabNet-HGS. Evaluation of the modeling results using performance metrics indicated that the TabNet-HGS model outperformed the other models in both training (mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.055, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 0.1, coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.959), and testing (MAE = 0.063, RMSE = 0.114, R2 = 0.947) data. Following TabNet-HGS, the TabNet-PSO, TabNet-GWO, and TabNet models demonstrated progressively lower accuracy. The validation of the DSM was performed by assessing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, revealing that the TabNet-HGS, TabNet-PSO, TabNet-GWO, and TabNet models exhibited the highest modeling accuracy, with corresponding area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.994, 0.986, 0.98, and 0.832, respectively. These results highlight the enhanced accuracy of dust susceptibility modeling achieved by integrating swarm-based metaheuristic algorithms with the TabNet model. The dust susceptibility map provides valuable insights into the sources, pathways, and impacts of dust particles on the environment and human health in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Vahid Razavi-Termeh
- Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, XR Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki
- Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, XR Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Tamer Abuhmed
- College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Mi Choi
- Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, XR Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kharya S, Soni S, Pati A, Panigrahi A, Giri J, Qin H, Mallik S, Nayak DSK, Swarnkar T. Weighted Bayesian Belief Network for diabetics: a predictive model. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1357121. [PMID: 38665371 PMCID: PMC11043522 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1357121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an enduring metabolic condition identified by heightened blood sugar levels stemming from insufficient production of insulin or ineffective utilization of insulin within the body. India is commonly labeled as the "diabetes capital of the world" owing to the widespread prevalence of this condition. To the best of the authors' last knowledge updated on September 2021, approximately 77 million adults in India were reported to be affected by diabetes, reported by the International Diabetes Federation. Owing to the concealed early symptoms, numerous diabetic patients go undiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment. While Computational Intelligence approaches have been utilized to improve the prediction rate, a significant portion of these methods lacks interpretability, primarily due to their inherent black box nature. Rule extraction is frequently utilized to elucidate the opaque nature inherent in machine learning algorithms. Moreover, to resolve the black box nature, a method for extracting strong rules based on Weighted Bayesian Association Rule Mining is used so that the extracted rules to diagnose any disease such as diabetes can be very transparent and easily analyzed by the clinical experts, enhancing the interpretability. The WBBN model is constructed utilizing the UCI machine learning repository, demonstrating a performance accuracy of 95.8%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kharya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sunita Soni
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhilash Pati
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amrutanshu Panigrahi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Debasish Swapnesh Kumar Nayak
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tripti Swarnkar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Siksha ‘O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yagin FH, Yasar S, Gormez Y, Yagin B, Pinar A, Alkhateeb A, Ardigò LP. Explainable Artificial Intelligence Paves the Way in Precision Diagnostics and Biomarker Discovery for the Subclass of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetics. Metabolites 2023; 13:1204. [PMID: 38132885 PMCID: PMC10745306 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common ocular microvascular complication of diabetes, contributes significantly to diabetes-related vision loss. This study addresses the imperative need for early diagnosis of DR and precise treatment strategies based on the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework. The study integrated clinical, biochemical, and metabolomic biomarkers associated with the following classes: non-DR (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. To create machine learning (ML) models, 10% of the data was divided into validation sets and 90% into discovery sets. The validation dataset was used for hyperparameter optimization and feature selection stages, while the discovery dataset was used to measure the performance of the models. A 10-fold cross-validation technique was used to evaluate the performance of ML models. Biomarker discovery was performed using minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR), Boruta, and explainable boosting machine (EBM). The predictive proposed framework compares the results of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), natural gradient boosting for probabilistic prediction (NGBoost), and EBM models in determining the DR subclass. The hyperparameters of the models were optimized using Bayesian optimization. Combining EBM feature selection with XGBoost, the optimal model achieved (91.25 ± 1.88) % accuracy, (89.33 ± 1.80) % precision, (91.24 ± 1.67) % recall, (89.37 ± 1.52) % F1-Score, and (97.00 ± 0.25) % the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). According to the EBM explanation, the six most important biomarkers in determining the course of DR were tryptophan (Trp), phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:2 (PC.aa.C42.2), butyrylcarnitine (C4), tyrosine (Tyr), hexadecanoyl carnitine (C16) and total dimethylarginine (DMA). The identified biomarkers may provide a better understanding of the progression of DR, paving the way for more precise and cost-effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey; (F.H.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Seyma Yasar
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey; (F.H.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Yasin Gormez
- Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
| | - Burak Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey; (F.H.Y.); (A.P.)
| | - Abdulvahap Pinar
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey; (F.H.Y.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Linstows Gate 3, 0166 Oslo, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hendawi R, Li J, Roy S. A Mobile App That Addresses Interpretability Challenges in Machine Learning-Based Diabetes Predictions: Survey-Based User Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e50328. [PMID: 37955948 PMCID: PMC10682931 DOI: 10.2196/50328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine learning approaches, including deep learning, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes. However, these approaches often operate as opaque black boxes, leaving health care providers in the dark about the reasoning behind predictions. This opacity poses a barrier to the widespread adoption of machine learning in diabetes and health care, leading to confusion and eroding trust. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to address this critical issue by developing and evaluating an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) platform, XAI4Diabetes, designed to empower health care professionals with a clear understanding of AI-generated predictions and recommendations for diabetes care. XAI4Diabetes not only delivers diabetes risk predictions but also furnishes easily interpretable explanations for complex machine learning models and their outcomes. METHODS XAI4Diabetes features a versatile multimodule explanation framework that leverages machine learning, knowledge graphs, and ontologies. The platform comprises the following four essential modules: (1) knowledge base, (2) knowledge matching, (3) prediction, and (4) interpretation. By harnessing AI techniques, XAI4Diabetes forecasts diabetes risk and provides valuable insights into the prediction process and outcomes. A structured, survey-based user study assessed the app's usability and influence on participants' comprehension of machine learning predictions in real-world patient scenarios. RESULTS A prototype mobile app was meticulously developed and subjected to thorough usability studies and satisfaction surveys. The evaluation study findings underscore the substantial improvement in medical professionals' comprehension of key aspects, including the (1) diabetes prediction process, (2) data sets used for model training, (3) data features used, and (4) relative significance of different features in prediction outcomes. Most participants reported heightened understanding of and trust in AI predictions following their use of XAI4Diabetes. The satisfaction survey results further revealed a high level of overall user satisfaction with the tool. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces XAI4Diabetes, a versatile multi-model explainable prediction platform tailored to diabetes care. By enabling transparent diabetes risk predictions and delivering interpretable insights, XAI4Diabetes empowers health care professionals to comprehend the AI-driven decision-making process, thereby fostering transparency and trust. These advancements hold the potential to mitigate biases and facilitate the broader integration of AI in diabetes care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hendawi
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Juan Li
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Souradip Roy
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prasad SS, Deo RC, Salcedo-Sanz S, Downs NJ, Casillas-Pérez D, Parisi AV. Enhanced joint hybrid deep neural network explainable artificial intelligence model for 1-hr ahead solar ultraviolet index prediction. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 241:107737. [PMID: 37573641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause malignant keratinocyte cancer and eye disease. Developing a user-friendly, portable, real-time solar UV alert system especially or wearable electronic mobile devices can help reduce the exposure to UV as a key measure for personal and occupational management of the UV risks. This research aims to design artificial intelligence-inspired early warning tool tailored for short-term forecasting of UV index (UVI) integrating satellite-derived and ground-based predictors for Australian hotspots receiving high UV exposures. The study further improves the trustworthiness of the newly designed tool using an explainable artificial intelligence approach. METHODS An enhanced joint hybrid explainable deep neural network model (called EJH-X-DNN) is constructed involving two phases of feature selection and hyperparameter tuning using Bayesian optimization. A comprehensive assessment of EJH-X- DNN is conducted with six other competing benchmarked models. The proposed model is explained locally and globally using robust model-agnostic explainable artificial intelligence frameworks such as Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and permutation feature importance (PFI). RESULTS The newly proposed model outperformed all benchmarked models for forecasting hourly horizons UVI, with correlation coefficients of 0.900, 0.960, 0.897, and 0.913, respectively, for Darwin, Alice Springs, Townsville, and Emerald hotspots. According to the combined local and global explainable model outcomes, the site-based results indicate that antecedent lagged memory of UVI and solar zenith angle are influential features. Predictions made by EJH-X-DNN model are strongly influenced by factors such as ozone effect, cloud conditions, and precipitation. CONCLUSION With its superiority and skillful interpretation, the UVI prediction system reaffirms its benefits for providing real-time UV alerts to mitigate risks of skin and eye health complications, reducing healthcare costs and contributing to outdoor exposure policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvin S Prasad
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia.
| | - Ravinesh C Deo
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia.
| | - Sancho Salcedo-Sanz
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia; Department of Signal Processing and Communications, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nathan J Downs
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - David Casillas-Pérez
- Department of Signal Processing and Communications, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, 28942, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfio V Parisi
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng Y, Qiu J, Xiao Z, Tang B, Liu D, Chen S, Shi Z, Tang X, Chen H. Conv-TabNet: an efficient adaptive color correction network for smartphone-based urine component analysis. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023; 40:1724-1732. [PMID: 37707009 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.491776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The camera function of a smartphone can be used to quantitatively detect urine parameters anytime, anywhere. However, the color captured by different cameras in different environments is different. A method for color correction is proposed for a urine test strip image collected using a smartphone. In this method, the color correction model is based on the color information of the urine test strip, as well as the ambient light and camera parameters. Conv-TabNet, which can focus on each feature parameter, was designed to correct the color of the color blocks of the urine test strip. The color correction experiment was carried out in eight light sources on four mobile phones. The experimental results show that the mean absolute error of the new method is as low as 2.8±1.8, and the CIEDE2000 color difference is 1.5±1.5. The corrected color is almost consistent with the standard color by visual evaluation. This method can provide a technology for the quantitative detection of urine test strips anytime and anywhere.
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Y, Zheng X, Li Y, Ye X, Cheng H, Wang H, Lyu J. Exploring patient medication adherence and data mining methods in clinical big data: A contemporary review. J Evid Based Med 2023; 16:342-375. [PMID: 37718729 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, patient medication adherence data are being consolidated from claims databases and electronic health records (EHRs). Such databases offer an indirect avenue to gauge medication adherence in our data-rich healthcare milieu. The surge in data accessibility, coupled with the pressing need for its conversion to actionable insights, has spotlighted data mining, with machine learning (ML) emerging as a pivotal technique. Nonadherence poses heightened health risks and escalates medical costs. This paper elucidates the synergistic interaction between medical database mining for medication adherence and the role of ML in fostering knowledge discovery. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of EHR applications in the realm of medication adherence, leveraging ML techniques. We expounded on the evolution and structure of medical databases pertinent to medication adherence and harnessed both supervised and unsupervised ML paradigms to delve into adherence and its ramifications. RESULTS Our study underscores the applications of medical databases and ML, encompassing both supervised and unsupervised learning, for medication adherence in clinical big data. Databases like SEER and NHANES, often underutilized due to their intricacies, have gained prominence. Employing ML to excavate patient medication logs from these databases facilitates adherence analysis. Such findings are pivotal for clinical decision-making, risk stratification, and scholarly pursuits, aiming to elevate healthcare quality. CONCLUSION Advanced data mining in the era of big data has revolutionized medication adherence research, thereby enhancing patient care. Emphasizing bespoke interventions and research could herald transformative shifts in therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- Planning & Discipline Construction Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lalithadevi B, Krishnaveni S, Gnanadurai JSC. A Feasibility Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Detection in Type II Diabetic Patients Based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence. J Med Syst 2023; 47:85. [PMID: 37552340 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-01976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is vision impairment and a life-threatening condition for diabetic patients. Especially type II diabetic people have higher chances of getting retinal problems. Hence, early prediction of DR is necessary for preventing the diabetic patients from vision impairment. The main aim of this feasibility study is to identify the most critical risk features that could lead to diabetic retinopathy. This study investigated type II diabetic patients' socio-analytical, diabetes, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. We conducted a self-individual questionnaire session for all participants. Our questionnaire asked about the reliability of results, feeling comfortable during the screening test, willingness to participate in future screenings, overall perspective, and satisfaction with the DR screening test. We proposed a random forest model for predicting the prevalence of DR risk among diabetics. Further explanations of the model were conducted using more robust SHAP eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tools. The SHAP method makes it possible to understand how input variables interact with their representative output records, as well as how input variables are ranked. In addition, various descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the data and evaluated the significant relationship between the factors discussed above via hypothesis testing. This feasibility study involved 172 type II diabetic patients (73 males and 99 females). Therefore, we found that 81 (47.09%) out of 172 participants had referable DR. The average age of the patients was determined as 55.08, with a standard deviation of ± 9.770 (ranging from 40 to 79). Type II patients were affected by mild, moderate, severe, and advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) stages with 23.83%, 13.95%, 5.81%, and 3.48%, respectively, of the total samples. The developed RF model obtained high accuracy of 94.9% using clinical dataset. Our results showed that the formation of tiny microminiature lesions was noticeable in type II diabetic patients with aged people, abnormal blood glucose levels, and prolonged diabetes duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Lalithadevi
- Department of Computational Intelligence, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - S Krishnaveni
- Department of Computational Intelligence, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, TN, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Priyadharshini M, Banu AF, Sharma B, Chowdhury S, Rabie K, Shongwe T. Hybrid Multi-Label Classification Model for Medical Applications Based on Adaptive Synthetic Data and Ensemble Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6836. [PMID: 37571619 PMCID: PMC10422387 DOI: 10.3390/s23156836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, both machine learning and computer vision have seen growth in the use of multi-label categorization. SMOTE is now being utilized in existing research for data balance, and SMOTE does not consider that nearby examples may be from different classes when producing synthetic samples. As a result, there can be more class overlap and more noise. To avoid this problem, this work presented an innovative technique called Adaptive Synthetic Data-Based Multi-label Classification (ASDMLC). Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) sampling is a sampling strategy for learning from unbalanced data sets. ADASYN weights minority class instances by learning difficulty. For hard-to-learn minority class cases, synthetic data are created. Their numerical variables are normalized with the help of the Min-Max technique to standardize the magnitude of each variable's impact on the outcomes. The values of the attribute in this work are changed to a new range, from 0 to 1, using the normalization approach. To raise the accuracy of multi-label classification, Velocity-Equalized Particle Swarm Optimization (VPSO) is utilized for feature selection. In the proposed approach, to overcome the premature convergence problem, standard PSO has been improved by equalizing the velocity with each dimension of the problem. To expose the inherent label dependencies, the multi-label classification ensemble of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), and Clustering-Based Decision tree methods will be processed based on an averaging method. The following criteria, including precision, recall, accuracy, and error rate, are used to assess performance. The suggested model's multi-label classification accuracy is 90.88%, better than previous techniques, which is PCT, HOMER, and ML-Forest is 65.57%, 70.66%, and 82.29%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Priyadharshini
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India;
| | - A. Faritha Banu
- Department of Computer Science, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 631027, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Bhisham Sharma
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Subrata Chowdhury
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies, Chittoor 517127, Andra Pradesh, India;
| | - Khaled Rabie
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15GD, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| | - Thokozani Shongwe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Falco I, Della Cioppa A, Koutny T, Ubl M, Krcma M, Scafuri U, Tarantino E. A Federated Learning-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm: Application to Glucose Prediction. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2957. [PMID: 36991668 PMCID: PMC10059991 DOI: 10.3390/s23062957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an innovative Federated Learning-inspired evolutionary framework. Its main novelty is that this is the first time that an Evolutionary Algorithm is employed on its own to directly perform Federated Learning activity. A further novelty resides in the fact that, differently from the other Federated Learning frameworks in the literature, ours can efficiently deal at the same time with two relevant issues in Machine Learning, i.e., data privacy and interpretability of the solutions. Our framework consists of a master/slave approach in which each slave contains local data, protecting sensible private data, and exploits an evolutionary algorithm to generate prediction models. The master shares through the slaves the locally learned models that emerge on each slave. Sharing these local models results in global models. Being that data privacy and interpretability are very significant in the medical domain, the algorithm is tested to forecast future glucose values for diabetic patients by exploiting a Grammatical Evolution algorithm. The effectiveness of this knowledge-sharing process is assessed experimentally by comparing the proposed framework with another where no exchange of local models occurs. The results show that the performance of the proposed approach is better and demonstrate the validity of its sharing process for the emergence of local models for personal diabetes management, usable as efficient global models. When further subjects not involved in the learning process are considered, the models discovered by our framework show higher generalization capability than those achieved without knowledge sharing: the improvement provided by knowledge sharing is equal to about 3.03% for precision, 1.56% for recall, 3.17% for F1, and 1.56% for accuracy. Moreover, statistical analysis reveals the statistical superiority of model exchange with respect to the case of no exchange taking place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanoe De Falco
- ICAR-National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Della Cioppa
- ICAR-National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Natural Computation Lab, DIEM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tomas Koutny
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New Technologies for Information Society, University of West Bohemia, Technicka 18, 330 01 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ubl
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Technicka 18, 330 01 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Krcma
- Diabetology Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Pilsen, Alej Svobody 923/80, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Umberto Scafuri
- ICAR-National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Tarantino
- ICAR-National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang P, Suzuki H, Obi T. Interpretable machine learning analysis to identify risk factors for diabetes using the anonymous living census data of Japan. Health Technol (Berl) 2023; 13:119-31. [PMID: 36718178 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-023-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus causes various problems in our life. With the big data boom in our society, some risk factors for Diabetes must still exist. To identify new risk factors for diabetes in the big data society and explore further efficient use of big data, the non-objective-oriented census data about the Japanese Citizen's Survey of Living Conditions were analyzed using interpretable machine learning methods. Methods Seven interpretable machine learning methods were used to analysis Japan citizens' census data. Firstly, logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of diabetes from 19 selected initial elements. Then, the linear analysis, linear discriminate analysis, Hayashi's quantification analysis method 2, random forest, XGBoost, and SHAP methods were used to re-check and find the different factor contributions. Finally, the relationship among the factors was analyzed to understand the relationship among factors. Results Four new risk factors: the number of family members, insurance type, public pension type, and health awareness level, were found as risk factors for diabetes mellitus for the first time, while another 11 risk factors were reconfirmed in this analysis. Especially the insurance type factor and health awareness level factor make more contributions to diabetes than factors: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and stress in some interpretable models. We also found that work years were identified as a risk factor for diabetes because it has a high coefficient with the risk factor of age. Conclusions New risk factors for diabetes mellitus were identified based on Japan's non-objective-oriented anonymous census data using interpretable machine learning models. The newly identified risk factors inspire new possible policies for preventing diabetes. Moreover, our analysis certifies that big data can help us find helpful knowledge in today's prosperous society. Our study also paves the way for identifying more risk factors and promoting the efficiency of using big data.
Collapse
|