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Rodríguez-Mondragón L, Moreno-Encinas A, Graell M, Román FJ, Sepúlveda AR. A case-control study to differentiate parents' personality traits on anorexia nervosa and affective disorders. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38520285 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) and affective disorders (AD) in adolescent population and several investigations have pointed out that specific family dynamics play a major role in the onset, course, and maintenance of both disorders. The aim of this study was to extend the literature of this topic by exploring differences between parents' personality traits, coping strategies, and expressed emotion comparing groups of adolescents with different mental conditions (anorexia nervosa vs. affective disorder vs. control group) with a case-control study design. A total of 50 mothers and 50 fathers of 50 girls with anorexia nervosa (AN), 40 mothers and 40 fathers of 40 girls with affective disorder (AD), and 50 mothers and 50 fathers of 50 girls with no pathology that conformed the control group (CG) were measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the COPE Inventory, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and psychopathology variables, anxiety, and depression. Both parents of girls with AN showed a significant difference in personality, coping strategies, and expressed emotion compared to both parents in the CG, while they presented more similarities to parents of girls in the AD group. Identifying personality traits, expressed emotion, coping strategies, and psychopathology of parents and their daughters will allow improvements in the interventions with the adolescents, parents, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rodríguez-Mondragón
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moreno-Encinas
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graell
- Section Head of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, University Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Román
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A R Sepúlveda
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Giacomo FD, Strippoli MPF, Castelao E, Amoussou JR, Gholam M, Ranjbar S, Glaus J, Marquet P, Preisig M, Plessen KJ, Vandeleur CL. Risk factors for mood disorders among offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: Findings from a discordant-sibling study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 330:115615. [PMID: 38007982 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this naturalistic, prospective study was to identify risk factors for mood disorders in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BPD) using the discordant-sibling design by comparing premorbid psychopathology or symptoms, temperament, personality traits and coping style as well as the perception of family-related characteristics among affected and unaffected siblings within the same family. This approach controls for confounding by unmeasured genetic and environmental factors shared within families. Our sample comprised 24 families of a parent with BPD with at least one child that developed BPD or major depressive disorder (n = 31), and at least one child who did not. Offspring were followed for a mean duration of 16.2 (s.d: 4.6) years. Information was collected from the offspring themselves. Generalized linear mixed models only revealed differences in three dimensions of the Dimension of Temperament Survey-Revised (DOTS-R) version: Offspring with mood disorders scored higher on "Approach-withdrawal", "Rhythmicity for daily habits", and "Task orientation" than their unaffected siblings. The higher scores, and not lower scores as expected, on these temperament dimensions observed in offspring that subsequently developed mood disorders may reflect increased vulnerability, but they could also mirror premorbid mood swings or strategies to cope with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Giacomo
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou
- Psychiatry Library, Education and Research Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Glaus
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland; International Research Unit in Neurodevelopment and Child Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland and Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Body-Related Attitudes, Personality, and Identity in Female Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa or Other Mental Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074316. [PMID: 35409997 PMCID: PMC8998874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The psychological integration of body-related attitudes (BodyRA) is a critical developmental task in adolescence. Adolescents must adapt to their changing body image and body satisfaction. For young people, BodyRA (body dissatisfaction, bulimia, and drive for thinness) are connected to insecurities, which can disturb identity integration and personality development. Our goal was to evaluate the importance of BodyRA also for other mental disorders other than anorexia nervosa (AN), and the association between BodyRA with temperament and personality traits and identity diffusion. Data for the period of 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed from a convenience sample of patients in a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital (n = 114). The patients were 13 to 17 years of age and had a BMI of 11.9−36.1 kg/m2. As expected, BodyRA were found to be more pronounced in AN, as well as in borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression (DD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). BodyRA correlated significantly with internalizing problems in patients with DD (r = 0.428−0.565, p < 0.01) and BPD (r = 0.680, p < 0.01) as well as with BMI (r = 0.404, p < 0.01) in patients with DD. Moreover, we detected significant correlations with impaired identity development in patients with DD (r = 0.482−0.565, p < 0.01) and BPD (r = 0.681−0.703, p < 0.01). BodyRA also correlated significantly with the personality traits of harm avoidance (r = 0.377−0.541, p < 0.01) and self-directedness (r = −0.537−−0.635, p < 0.01) in DD. These personality traits and bulimia were used as predictors for identity diffusion in the investigated disorders of this study. We conclude that BodyRA, harm avoidance and self-directedness are associated with identity development in adolescent females with mental disorders.
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Ucuz I, Uzun Cicek A, Cansel N, Kilic B, Colak C, Percinel Yazici I, Kilic F, Kucukakcali Z. Can Temperament and Character Traits Be Used in the Diagnostic Differentiation of Children With ADHD? J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:905-910. [PMID: 34310522 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to determine the contributions of temperament and character traits to the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Thirty-six patients between the ages of 9 and 14 with a diagnosis of combined type ADHD and 39 healthy children were included in the study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Version and the Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale parent form were used to assess hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness, and comorbid disorders. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised form was used to evaluate temperament-character traits. The classification-based association rules (CBARs) method was used for finding rules predicting ADHD accurately. Low persistence and self-directedness scores, and higher disorderliness and fatigability subgroup scores were found in the ADHD group. In CBARs, the separation of children with ADHD from healthy controls could be made with 0.83 accuracy, 0.80 sensitivity, and 0.86 specificity. The results of our study support the view that temperament-character traits can help clinical diagnosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ucuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
| | - Ayla Uzun Cicek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University
| | - Neslihan Cansel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Bahar Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Hospital, Elaziğ
| | - Cemil Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Ipek Percinel Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elaziğ, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Zeynep Kucukakcali
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya
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Beirão D, Monte H, Amaral M, Longras A, Matos C, Villas-Boas F. Depression in adolescence: a review. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Depression is a common mental health disease, especially in mid to late adolescence that, due to its particularities, is a challenge and requires an effective diagnosis. Primary care providers are often the first line of contact for adolescents, being crucial in identifying and managing this pathology. Besides, several entities also recommend screening for depression on this period. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to review the scientific data regarding screening, diagnosis and management of depression in adolescence, mainly on primary care settings.
Main body
Comprehension of the pathogenesis of depression in adolescents is a challenging task, with both environmental and genetic factors being associated to its development. Although there are some screening tests and diagnostic criteria, its clinical manifestations are wide, making its diagnosis a huge challenge. Besides, it can be mistakenly diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders, making necessary to roll-out several differential diagnoses. Treatment options can include psychotherapy (cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy) and/or pharmacotherapy (mainly fluoxetine), depending on severity, associated risk factors and available resources. In any case, treatment must include psychoeducation, supportive approach and family involvement. Preventive programs play an important role not only in reducing the prevalence of this condition but also in improving the health of populations.
Conclusion
Depression in adolescence is a relevant condition to the medical community, due to its uncertain clinical course and underdiagnosis worldwide. General practitioners can provide early identification, treatment initiation and referral to mental health specialists when necessary.
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Kang NR, Kwack YS. Temperament and Character Profiles Associated with Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:206-212. [PMID: 30934188 PMCID: PMC6444095 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.01.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify temperament and character profiles associated with internalizing and externalizing problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Children with ADHD (n=114, 8.51±1.87 years) were selected from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Jeju National University Hospital. They were diagnosed by Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version and evaluated using the Advanced Test of Attention and Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition. Their parents completed the ADHD Rating Scale, Korean-Child Behavioral Checklist, and Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. RESULTS The participants with both internalizing and externalizing problem had more severe ADHD symptoms and significantly higher novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence, as well as lower self-directedness and cooperativeness than those who had not comorbid problems. Harm avoidance was correlated with their level of internalizing problems regardless of severity of ADHD symptoms. In addition, novelty seeking and sex (male) were being associated with the level of externalizing problems. CONCLUSION Differences were observed in the temperament and character profiles of children with ADHD according to their comorbid psychopathology. Results suggested that temperament and character profiles may affect the comorbid psychopathology in children with ADHD regardless of ADHD symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Squarcina L, Delvecchio G, Nobile M, Mauri M, Madonna D, Bonivento C, Garzitto M, Piccin S, Molteni M, Tomasino B, Bressi C, Fabbro F, Stanley JA, Brambilla P. The Assertive Brain: Anterior Cingulate Phosphocreatine plus Creatine Levels Correlate With Self-Directedness in Healthy Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:763. [PMID: 31827447 PMCID: PMC6849467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various advances in the study of the neurobiological underpinnings of personality traits, the specific neural correlates associated with character and temperament traits are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by exploring the biochemical basis of personality, which is explored with the temperament and character inventory (TCI), during brain development in a sample of adolescents. Twenty-six healthy adolescents (aged between 13 and 21 years; 17 males and 9 females) with behavioral and emotional problems underwent a TCI evaluation and a 3T single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) acquisition of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Absolute metabolite levels were estimated using LCModel: significant correlations between metabolite levels and selective TCI scales were identified. Specifically, phosphocreatine plus creatine (PCr+Cre) significantly correlated with self-directedness, positively, and with a self-transcendence (ST), negatively, while glycerophosphocholine plus phosphocholine (GPC+PC) and myo-inositol negatively correlated with ST. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting associations of brain metabolites with personality traits in adolescents. Therefore, our results represent a step forward for personality neuroscience within the study of biochemical systems and brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Squarcina
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Madonna
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - Marco Garzitto
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bressi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Early vulnerabilities for psychiatric disorders in elementary schoolchildren from four Brazilian regions. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:477-486. [PMID: 29511791 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to identify early vulnerabilities for psychiatric disorders among Brazilian elementary school children, controlling for familial and community adversities. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study examining the association between child psychiatric disorders and potential early vulnerabilities (disability, low intellectual quotient, and negative dimensions of the temperament trait self-directedness (low resourcefulness, low purposefulness, low enlightened second nature), controlling for the potential confounders: familial and community adversities. SAMPLE Four probabilistic samples of second-to-sixth grade students from public schools in four towns from different Brazilian regions (N = 1620). The following instruments were applied: the K-SADS-PL (to assess child/adolescent psychiatric disorders); the Ten-Question Screen (to measure child disability); three structured questions used as proxy of self-directedness; and the reduced version of the WISC-III to measure IQ. To evaluate familial/community adversities: Self-Report Questionnaire-SRQ-20 (to assess maternal/primary caretaker anxiety/depression); questions derived from structured questionnaires (to measure child abuse, marital physical violence, neighborhood violence); Brazilian Association of Research Companies questionnaire (to evaluate poverty/socioeconomic status). Trained psychologists interviewed mothers/primary caretakers and evaluated children/adolescents individually. RESULTS A final logistic regression model showed that children/adolescents with low resourcefulness, low purposefulness, low enlightened second nature, lower IQ and disability were more likely to present any child psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION Early vulnerabilities such as low IQ, presence of disability, and dimensions of temperament were associated with psychiatric disorders among Brazilian elementary school children, after controlling for familial and ecological confounders. These early vulnerabilities should be considered in mental health prevention/intervention programs in low-middle-income countries like Brazil.
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Liu SI, Huang YH, Wu YH, Huang KY, Huang HC, Sun FJ, Huang CR, Sung MR, Huang YP. Temperament traits in suicidal and non-suicidal mood disorder patients in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:260-266. [PMID: 28407557 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major social and clinical problem in Asia. Although studies have suggested that personality traits are possible risk factors for suicide, no study has been conducted among Chinese to compare the temperament traits of suicidal and non-suicidal mood disorder patients with those of healthy controls. This study compared temperament traits of two patient groups, those with a mood disorder who have attempted suicide (n=204), and those with a mood disorder who have not attempted suicide (n=160), and compared the traits of these patients to those of healthy controls (n=178), assessed by Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and the Brown-Goodwin Aggression Inventory. Patients with suicidal attempts had significantly higher novelty seeking and aggression scores than healthy controls and patients without suicidal attempts. Two groups of patients with mood disorder had significantly higher harm avoidance scores than the healthy controls. However, patients with suicidal attempts did not have higher harm avoidance scores than patients without suicidal attempts. This study confirms findings that harm avoidance and mood disorder are related, and extends them by suggesting that those with a mood disorder and suicide attempts have higher novelty seeking and lifetime aggression scores than those without suicidal attempt, either patients or healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Sun
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ron Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ru Sung
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Ping Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bolat N, Kadak T, Eliacik K, Sargin E, Incekas S, Gunes H. Maternal and paternal personality profiles of adolescent suicide attempters. Psychiatry Res 2017; 248:77-82. [PMID: 28024181 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality features have been correlated with suicidal behaviors in recent decades. Given its neurobiological background, Cloninger's model of personality, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), may help to identify the maternal and paternal personality dimensions associated with adolescent suicide attempts. The present study is the first that specifically compares the temperament and character profiles of both mothers and fathers of the adolescent suicide attempters with a control group, by considering the influence of demographic and clinical factors. The study group comprised 117 parents of 71 adolescent suicide attempters and 119 parents of 71 age- and gender-matched adolescents without a suicide attempt included as a control group. The TCI and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were applied to the parents in both groups. Logistic regression analysis, which was performed to adjust confounding factors, demonstrated significantly higher scores for harm avoidance among the mothers and lower scores of self-directedness among the fathers of the adolescent suicide attempters. New psychotherapeutic modalities considering the high-risk parental personality traits would be beneficial to support parent-adolescent relationships and may have a preventative effect on adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Tayyib Kadak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayi Eliacik
- Department of Pediatrics, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Enis Sargin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Secil Incekas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dortcelik Children Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gunes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ubl B, Kuehner C, Kirsch P, Ruttorf M, Flor H, Diener C. Neural reward processing in individuals remitted from major depression. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3549-3558. [PMID: 26315103 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional behavioural and neural processing of reward has been found in currently depressed individuals. However, little is known about altered reward processing in remitted depressed individuals. METHOD A total of 23 medication-free individuals with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and 23 matched healthy controls (HCs) performed a reward task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also investigated reward dependence, novelty seeking and harm avoidance using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and their association with neural responses of reward processing. RESULTS Compared to HCs, individuals with rMDD exhibited enhanced responses to reward-predicting cues in the hippocampus, amygdala and superior frontal gyrus. When reward was delivered, rMDD subjects did not significantly differ from HCs. In both groups neural activity during reward anticipation was negatively correlated with harm avoidance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that rMDD is characterized by hyperactivation in fronto-limbic regions during reward anticipation. Alterations in neural activation during reward processing might reflect an increased effort in remitted depressed individuals to allocate neural activity for executive and evaluative processes during anticipatory reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ubl
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - C Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - P Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - M Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - C Diener
- School of Applied Psychology,SRH University of Applied Science,Heidelberg,Germany
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12
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Cumsille P, Martínez ML, Rodríguez V, Darling N. Parental and individual predictors of trajectories of depressive symptoms in Chilean adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2015; 15:208-216. [PMID: 30487838 PMCID: PMC6225011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescence, but not all adolescents experience the same level or evolution of symptoms, suggesting the need to identify differences in trajectories of symptoms. We used Growth Mixture Modeling to analyze different trajectories of depressive symptoms in a sample of 1,072 Chilean adolescents (12-15 years old, 54% female). First, a baseline model was selected and then adolescent irritability, maternal warmth, demandingness and disrespect were introduced to the model as predictors of class membership. Four latent class trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: high persistent (12%), low stable (56%), high decreasing (15%) and low increasing (17%). Low stable was the most prevalent class, and was characterized by higher maternal warmth and lower maternal disrespect and adolescent irritability while high persistent was characterized by the opposite maternal characteristics. Significant gender differences in class membership were observed. The results highlight the importance of identifying different trajectories of depressive symptoms and specific predictors of each trajectory. The association of parenting dimensions with trajectories of persistent depressive symptoms provides evidence that parenting can serve as both a protective and risk factor for adolescent adjustment.
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Melegari MG, Nanni V, Lucidi F, Russo PM, Donfrancesco R, Cloninger CR. Temperamental and character profiles of preschool children with ODD, ADHD, and anxiety disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 58:94-101. [PMID: 25636952 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present research was to identify profiles of Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions associated with anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention- deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers. METHOD The parents of 120 children (mean age=4.65 years; S.D.=.88) completed the Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (PsTCI). The sample consisted of 4 groups (n=30 per group): ADHD, anxious, ODD and control children. To diagnose the different disorders, the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 was administered to the parents. RESULTS The discriminant analysis showed that three temperamental dimensions (Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking and Persistence) enabled the correct classification of 75% of cases within their own group, which demonstrated an adequate accuracy rate. The ADHD children showed a temperamental profile that was characterized by high Novelty Seeking, low Reward Dependence and low Persistence, while the anxious children obtained high scores in Harm Avoidance. The profiles of the ODD children shared some common features (high Novelty Seeking) with the ADHD children, but the ODD children were characterized by higher Persistence and Harm Avoidance compared with ADHD children. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that Cloninger's temperamental dimensions allow to differentiate the three most frequent psychiatric disorders in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Nanni
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center "La Scarpetta", ASL RM/A, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology-Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo M Russo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - C Robert Cloninger
- Center for Well Being, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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