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Meyer AE, Silva SG, Curry JF. Is everything really okay?: Using ecological momentary assessment to evaluate daily co-fluctuations in anxiety and reassurance seeking. Behav Res Ther 2023; 171:104429. [PMID: 37992481 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reassurance seeking, a behavior prominent in anxiety disorders and depression, is associated with poorer quality of interpersonal relationships and acts as a mechanism of stress generation. However, little research has elucidated momentary associations between state anxiety and reassurance seeking behaviors. METHOD In a sample of 104 university-affiliated young adults, we sought to replicate cross-sectional associations of reassurance seeking with trait anxiety (Aim 1) and intolerance of uncertainty (Aim 2). We then used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate concurrent fluctuations in daily anxiety and reassurance seeking across 14 consecutive days (Aim 3). Hierarchical multi-level models for intensive longitudinal data were used to evaluate the relationship between state anxiety and daily reassurance seeking. RESULTS In baseline analyses, trait anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were significantly associated with greater trait reassurance seeking, controlling for depression. Analyses of the EMA data showed that daily reassurance seeking behaviors fluctuated concurrently with daily anxiety during the 14 days, while controlling for trait anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Given evidence of concurrent fluctuations between state anxiety and reassurance seeking, the behavior should be considered as a potential target in treatment for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Meyer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, United States; Duke University, United States.
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Familienbeziehungen, interpersonelle Probleme und Symptomausprägung bei Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa – Patientinnen und Schülerinnen im Vergleich. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2022; 71:543-563. [DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2022.71.6.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Mason TB, Dayag R, Dolgon-Krutolow A, Lam K, Zhang D. A systematic review of maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and eating disorder psychopathology. Eat Behav 2022; 45:101601. [PMID: 35221209 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While maladaptive interpersonal behaviors have been implicated in models of psychopathology, particularly depression, maladaptive interpersonal behaviors have received limited attention in the eating disorder (ED) literature. Further, the extant literature on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in relation to ED psychopathology has yet to be synthesized. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to characterize the literature on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology. Inclusion criteria for the review were: availability of the study in English, empirical journal article, inclusion of human subjects, and reporting an association between at least one maladaptive interpersonal behavior and one measure of ED psychopathology. Databases searched were PsycInfo and PubMed across all dates (up to September 2020). Data was extracted from articles, and main findings were synthesized; quality scores were provided using a modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. There were 35 studies with 36 independent samples included in the review. Most studies evidenced significant bivariate associations between maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology. That is, higher levels of maladaptive interpersonal behaviors were generally associated with greater disordered eating, bulimic symptoms, and body image concerns. Although limited to a minority of studies, some studies identified prospective associations and significant mediators and moderators of associations. This systematic review supports further research on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology. Given a number of significant limitations in the literature identified in this review, there are an array of avenues for future research on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel Dayag
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Dolgon-Krutolow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Lam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Zhang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Leppanen J, Brown D, McLinden H, Williams S, Tchanturia K. The Role of Emotion Regulation in Eating Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis Approach. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:793094. [PMID: 35280172 PMCID: PMC8904925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous theoretical models and reviews have documented a strong connection between emotion dysregulation eating disorder (ED) psychopathology among the general and clinical populations. The aim of this review was to build on this previous work by conducting a network meta-analysis to explore associations between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and ED psychopathology trans-diagnostically across the ED spectrum to identify areas of emotion dysregulation that have the strongest association with symptomatology. Methodology A total of 104 studies were included in the meta-analysis and correlation coefficient representing the associations between specific emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were extracted. We ran a Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis and the initial network was well-connected with each emotion regulation strategy being linked to at least one other strategy. We also conducted a network meta-regression to explore whether between-study differences in body mass index (BMI), age, and whether the sample consisted of solely female participants explained any possible network inconsistency. Results The network meta-analysis revealed that ruminations and non-acceptance of emotions were most closely associated with ED psychopathology. There was no significant network inconsistency but two comparisons approached significance and thus meta-regressions were conducted. The meta-regressions revealed a significant effect of BMI such that the associations between different emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were weaker among those with low BMI. Discussion The present findings build on previous work and highlight the role of rumination and difficulties with accepting emotions as key emotion regulation difficulties in EDs. Additionally, the finding that the associations were weaker among ED patients with low BMI may point toward a complex relationship between ED behaviors and emotion regulation. Taken together, our findings call for interventions that target emotion regulation, specifically rumination and difficulties accepting emotions, in the treatment of EDs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021249996, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021249996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Leppanen
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dalia Brown
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah McLinden
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust National Eating Disorder Service, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology Department, Illia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Wakeling S, Stukas AA, Wright BJ, Evans L. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SEEKING AND EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.9.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Negative feedback seeking and excessive reassurance seeking behaviors in interpersonal relationships have been shown to frequently occur in conjunction with levels of depression. Method: We used meta-analysis to examine 102 studies (134 effects), relating depression with negative feedback seeking (k = 31) and/or excessive reassurance seeking (k = 103). Results: Depression had positive, moderate effect sizes with both negative feedback seeking (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) and excessive reassurance seeking (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect size for negative feedback seeking was smaller in romantic relationships compared to other relationship types. Effect sizes for excessive reassurance seeking did not differ for romantic and other relationships but were smaller in romantic relationships of a longer duration. Participant gender and symptom severity did not moderate effect sizes. Studies with child and adolescent samples had larger effects for negative feedback seeking and smaller effects for excessive reassurance seeking, relative to adult samples. Discussion: Longer closer relationships may protect against maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in individuals with depression.
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Küçük L, Kaya H, Çömez T, Kaçar S, Kutlu Y, Zülfikar H. Eating Behaviors and Related Factors in Psychiatric Patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:194-199. [PMID: 29579512 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the risk of eating disorders and associated risk factors in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Patients who were hospitalized in a psychiatry clinic of the university hospital between the dates of February 2014 and July 2014 constitute sample for the study. The study sample consisted of a total of 216 patients. Data were collected using a questionnaire form and the Eating Attitude Test. The mean age of the patients was 37±0.5, and 56.9% of the patients were female. Problems in eating behavior were observed in 11.6% of the patients, and a statistically significant relationship was found between the risk of eating disorders and diagnosis, gender, exercise and self-perception of weight. The risk of eating disorders was more frequently observed in patients diagnosed with depression, in female patients with a self-perceived weight problem and do not exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Küçük
- Istanbul University, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Şişli- Istanbul/Turkey.
| | - Hatice Kaya
- Istanbul University, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Fundamental Nursing Department, Şişli- Istanbul/Turkey.
| | - Tuba Çömez
- Istanbul University, Health Science Institute, Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Cerrahpaşa- Istanbul/Turkey.
| | - Selma Kaçar
- İstanbul Üniversity, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Mental Health Service, Kocamustafapaşa-İstanbul/Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Kutlu
- Istanbul University, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Şişli- Istanbul/Turkey.
| | - Haluk Zülfikar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, Beyazit- Istanbul/Turkey.
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Pearson CM, Lavender JM, Cao L, Wonderlich SA, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Mitchell JE, Peterson CB, Crow SJ. Associations of borderline personality disorder traits with stressful events and emotional reactivity in women with bulimia nervosa. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 126:531-539. [PMID: 28691843 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits are common among those with bulimia nervosa (BN). However, how these traits impact the state experience of precipitants of BN behavior, such as stressful events and emotional reactivity, has not been determined. Thus, the purpose of this naturalistic study was to examine this trait-state association in BN. Women with DSM-IV BN (N = 133) completed a baseline measure of personality pathology traits, and subsequently recorded their affective state and the frequency and perception of 3 types of stressful events (interpersonal, work/environment, and daily hassles) several times per day for 2 weeks using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Pearson correlations assessed the associations between BPD traits (affective lability, identity problems, insecure attachment, and cognitive dysregulation) and (a) frequency of stressful events and (b) perception of stressful events. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to evaluate the relationship between BPD traits and changes in negative affect following stressful events. Results revealed that while all traits were significantly associated with perceived stressfulness, certain BPD traits were significantly associated with the frequency of stressful events. Individuals with higher trait insecure attachment experienced larger increases in negative affect following interpersonal stressful events. These findings suggest that interventions focused on addressing stressful events and enhancing adaptive emotional responses to interpersonal events may be particularly useful for a subset of individuals with BN with BPD-related personality characteristics, including insecure attachment, affective lability, and identity problems. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine
| | - Li Cao
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine
| | - Scott G Engel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine
| | - James E Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and The Emily Program
| | - Scott J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and The Emily Program
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Kwan MY, Minnich AM, Douglas V, Gordon KH, Castro Y. Bulimic symptoms and interpersonal functioning among college students. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:406-411. [PMID: 28837928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrating interpersonal theory and the stress generation hypothesis, two studies investigated the association between bulimic symptoms and interpersonal distress and the mechanism underlying this association. In Study 1, 36 pairs of female roommates completed self-report questionnaires in a laboratory while Study 2 recruited 539 undergraduate men and women to participate in a longitudinal online study by completing self-report measures at two time points. Multilevel modeling revealed that targets' bulimic symptoms predicted roommates' intention to continue living with them in Study 1. Greater bulimic symptoms predicted lower intention. In Study 2, bulimic symptoms had a direct and an indirect effect on interpersonal distress, with reassurance-seeking as a mediator in the indirect effect. Findings replicated previous studies showing that bulimic symptoms generate further distress and, in our studies, interpersonal distress specifically. Moreover, reassurance-seeking was a newly identified mechanism underlying this association. These findings provide support for the usefulness of interpersonal theory and the stress generation hypothesis as a framework for understanding bulimic symptomatology. Clinicians may find it useful to target reassurance-seeking behaviors during the treatment of bulimic symptoms in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Yee Kwan
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Minard 232, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Allison M Minnich
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Minard 232, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Valerie Douglas
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Minard 232, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kathryn H Gordon
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Minard 232, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street S., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Yessenia Castro
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, HLP 295D, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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