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Herrera S, Pierrat V, Kaminski M, Benhammou V, Marchand-Martin L, Morgan AS, Le Norcy E, Ancel PY, Germa A. Risk Factors for High-Arched Palate and Posterior Crossbite at the Age of 5 in Children Born Very Preterm: EPIPAGE-2 Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:784911. [PMID: 35498807 PMCID: PMC9051072 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.784911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children born very preterm have an immature sucking reflex at birth and are exposed to neonatal care that can impede proper palate growth. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the frequency of high-arched palate and posterior crossbite at the age of 5 in children born very preterm and to identify their respective risk factors. METHODS Our study was based on the data from EPIPAGE-2, a French national prospective cohort study, and included 2,594 children born between 24- and 31-week gestation. Outcomes were high-arched palate and posterior crossbite. Multivariable models estimated by generalized estimation equations with multiple imputation were used to study the association between the potential risk factors studied and each outcome. RESULTS Overall, 8% of children born very preterm had a high-arched palate and 15% posterior crossbite. The odds of high-arched palate were increased for children with low gestational age (24-29 vs. 30-31 weeks of gestation) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 2.66], thumb-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03, 2.28), and cerebral palsy (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.28, 3.69). The odds of posterior crossbite were increased for children with pacifier-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.30, 2.36). CONCLUSIONS Among very preterm children, low gestational age and cerebral palsy are the specific risk factors for a high-arched palate. High-arched palate and posterior crossbite share non-nutritive sucking habits as a common risk factor. The oro-facial growth of these children should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Herrera
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pierrat
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France.,CHU Lille, Department of Neonatal Medicine, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Monique Kaminski
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Benhammou
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marchand-Martin
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Andrei S Morgan
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France.,Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France.,Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Clinical Investigation P1419, Cochin Broca Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alice Germa
- Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France.,Department of Odontology, APHP, Charles Foix Hospital, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
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Gli1 + Cells Residing in Bone Sutures Respond to Mechanical Force via IP 3R to Mediate Osteogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8138374. [PMID: 34434241 PMCID: PMC8380501 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8138374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early orthodontic correction of skeletal malocclusion takes advantage of mechanical force to stimulate unclosed suture remodeling and to promote bone reconstruction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Gli1+ cells in maxillofacial sutures have been shown to participate in maxillofacial bone development and damage repair. Nevertheless, it remains to be investigated whether these cells participate in mechanical force-induced bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion. In this study, rapid maxillary expansion (RME) mouse models and mechanical stretch loading cell models were established using two types of transgenic mice which are able to label Gli1+ cells, and we found that Gli1+ cells participated in mechanical force-induced osteogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we found mechanical force-induced osteogenesis through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and we observed for the first time that inhibition of Gli1 suppressed an increase in mechanical force-induced IP3R overexpression, suggesting that Gli1+ cells participate in mechanical force-induced osteogenesis through IP3R. Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that Gli1+ cells in maxillofacial sutures are involved in mechanical force-induced bone formation through IP3R during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion. Furthermore, our results provide novel insights regarding the mechanism of orthodontic treatments of skeletal malocclusion.
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