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Estrada-Cárdenas P, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Gómez-Jiménez S, Valenzuela-Soto EM, Leyva-Carrillo L, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Responses and modulation of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei glutathione peroxidases 2 and 4 during hypoxia, reoxygenation and GPx4 knock-down. Biochimie 2023; 214:157-164. [PMID: 37460039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are important antioxidant enzymes that act at distinct levels of the antioxidant defense. In vertebrates, there are several glutathione peroxidase (GPx) isoforms with different cellular and tissue distribution, but little is known about their interrelationships. The shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the main crustacean cultivated worldwide. It is affected by environmental stressors, including hypoxia and reoxygenation that cause reactive oxygen species accumulation. Thus, the antioxidant response modulation is key for shrimp resilience. Recently, several GPx isoforms genes were identified in the L. vannamei genome sequence, but their functions are just beginning to be studied. As in vertebrates, shrimp GPx isoforms can present differences in their antioxidant responses. Also, there could be interrelationships among the isoforms that may influence their responses. We evaluated shrimp GPx2 and GPx4 expressions during hypoxia, reoxygenation, and GPx4 knock-down using RNAi for silencing, as well as the enzymatic activity of total GPx and GPx4. Also, glutathione content in hepatopancreas was evaluated. GPx2 and GPx4 presented similar expression patterns during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Their expressions decreased during hypoxia and were reestablished in reoxygenation at 6 h in non-silenced shrimp. GPx2 expression was down-regulated by GPx4 knock-down, suggesting that GPx4 affects GPx2 expression. Total GPx activity changed in hypoxia and reoxygenation at 6 h but not at 12 h, while GPx4 activity was not affected by any stressor. The GSH/GSSG ratio in hepatopancreas indicated that at early hours, the redox status remains well-modulated but at 12 h it is impaired by hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Estrada-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gómez-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Lilia Leyva-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
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Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG, Gibb Z. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: The impact of oxidative stress on reproduction: a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization. Reproduction 2022; 164:F79-F94. [PMID: 35929832 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Many aspects of the reproductive process are impacted by oxidative stress. This article summarizes the chemical nature of reactive oxygen species and their role in both the physiological regulation of reproductive processes and the pathophysiology of infertility. Abstract This article lays out the fundamental principles of oxidative stress. It describes the nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the way in which these potentially toxic metabolites interact with cells and how they impact both cellular function and genetic integrity. The mechanisms by which ROS generation is enhanced to the point that the cells' antioxidant defence mechanisms are overwhelmed are also reviewed taking examples from both the male and female reproductive system, with a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization. The important role of external factors in exacerbating oxidative stress and impairing reproductive competence is also examined in terms of their ability to disrupt the physiological redox regulation of reproductive processes. Developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to cope with oxidative stress within the reproductive system will depend on the development of a deeper understanding of the nature, source, magnitude, and location of such stress in order to fashion personalized treatments that meet a given patient's clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Characterization of Mitochondrial Prohibitin in Opsariichthys bidens and Its Potential Functions in Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137295. [PMID: 35806298 PMCID: PMC9266877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the intricate and coordinated process by which spermatogonia develop into haploid differentiated spermatozoa. Mitochondria are essential for spermatogenesis, and prohibitin (PHB) is closely associated with mitochondrial structure and function during spermatogenesis. Although PHB has been implicated in spermatogenesis in some taxa, its roles in Opsariichthys bidens have not been determined. In this study, the expression patterns and potential functions of PHB in spermatogenesis in O. bidens were characterized using histological microscopic observations, PCR cloning, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF). The full-length cDNA of Ob-phb was 1500 bp encoding 271 amino acids. A sequence alignment demonstrated that the PHB protein is conserved among different animals. qPCR revealed that phb mRNA is widely distributed in O. bidens and highly expressed in the testes at stages IV and V. WB revealed that Ob-PHB is located in the mitochondria of testes. IF revealed the colocalization of PHB signals and mitochondria. Signals were detected around nuclei in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, gradually moving to the tail region during spermiogenesis, and finally aggregating in the midpiece. These results indicate that Ob-PHB was expressed in the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. In addition, this study proposed Ob-PHB may participate in the degradation of mitochondria and cell differentiation during spermatogenesis.
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Aitken RJ, Drevet JR, Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P. Male Infertility and Oxidative Stress: A Focus on the Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020306. [PMID: 35204189 PMCID: PMC8868102 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in defining the functional competence of human spermatozoa. When generated in moderate amounts, ROS promote sperm capacitation by facilitating cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane, enhancing cAMP generation, inducing cytoplasmic alkalinization, increasing intracellular calcium levels, and stimulating the protein phosphorylation events that drive the attainment of a capacitated state. However, when ROS generation is excessive and/or the antioxidant defences of the reproductive system are compromised, a state of oxidative stress may be induced that disrupts the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa and the structural integrity of their DNA. This article focusses on the sources of ROS within this system and examines the circumstances under which the adequacy of antioxidant protection might become a limiting factor. Seminal leukocyte contamination can contribute to oxidative stress in the ejaculate while, in the germ line, the dysregulation of electron transport in the sperm mitochondria, elevated NADPH oxidase activity, or the excessive stimulation of amino acid oxidase action are all potential contributors to oxidative stress. A knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for creating such stress within the human ejaculate is essential in order to develop better antioxidant strategies that avoid the unintentional creation of its reductive counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4921-6851
| | - Joël R. Drevet
- GReD Institute, INSERM U1103-CNRS UMR6293—Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CRBC Building, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Aron Moazamian
- GReD Institute, INSERM U1103-CNRS UMR6293—Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CRBC Building, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.D.); (A.M.)
- CellOxess LLC, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
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Abstract
Drug metabolizing enzymes catalyze the biotransformation of many of drugs and chemicals. The drug metabolizing enzymes are distributed among several evolutionary families and catalyze a range of detoxication reactions, including oxidation/reduction, conjugative, and hydrolytic reactions that serve to detoxify potentially toxic compounds. This detoxication function requires that drug metabolizing enzymes exhibit substrate promiscuity. In addition to their catalytic functions, many drug metabolizing enzymes possess functions unrelated to or in addition to catalysis. Such proteins are termed 'moonlighting proteins' and are defined as proteins with multiple biochemical or biophysical functions that reside in a single protein. This review discusses the diverse moonlighting functions of drug metabolizing enzymes and the roles they play in physiological functions relating to reproduction, vision, cell signaling, cancer, and transport. Further research will likely reveal new examples of moonlighting functions of drug metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Board
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Mitochondria, spermatogenesis, and male infertility - An update. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:26-40. [PMID: 32534048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of mitochondria in the eukaryotic cell is one of the most enigmatic events in the course of evolution. This important organelle was thought to be only the powerhouse of the cell, but was later learnt to perform many other indispensable functions in the cell. Two major contributions of mitochondria in spermatogenesis concern energy production and apoptosis. Apart from this, mitochondria also participate in a number of other processes affecting spermatogenesis and fertility. Mitochondria in sperm are arranged in the periphery of the tail microtubules to serve to energy demand for motility. Apart from this, the role of mitochondria in germ cell proliferation, mitotic regulation, and the elimination of germ cells by apoptosis are now well recognized. Eventually, mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been reported in male infertility, particularly in sluggish sperm (asthenozoospermia); however, heteroplasmy in the mtDNA and a complex interplay between the nucleus and mitochondria affect their penetrance. In this article, we have provided an update on the role of mitochondria in various events of spermatogenesis and male fertility and on the correlation of mitochondrial DNA mutations with male infertility.
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Guerriero G, D'Errico G, Di Giaimo R, Rabbito D, Olanrewaju OS, Ciarcia G. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione antioxidants in the testis of the soil biosentinel Podarcis sicula (Rafinesque 1810). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18286-18296. [PMID: 28936697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Important toxicological achievements have been made during the last decades using reptiles. We focus our investigation on gonadal reproductive health of the soil biosentinel Podarcis sicula which is very sensitive to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively detect, by sensitive microassays, reactive oxygen species and the glutathione antioxidants in the testis and investigate if they are differentially expressed before and after remediation of a site of the "Land of Fires" (Campania, Italy) subject to illicit dumping of unknown material. The oxidative stress level was evaluated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy applying a spin-trapping procedure able to detect products of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and repair by relative mobility shift, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymatic activity, respectively, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 transcript by real-time quantitative PCR analysis, the antioxidant glutathione S-transferase, a well-assessed pollution index, by enzymatic assay and the total soluble antioxidant capacity. Experimental evidences from the different techniques qualitatively agree, thus confirming the robustness of the combined experimental approach. Collected data, compared to those from a reference unpolluted site constitute evidence that the reproductive health of this lizard is impacted by pollution exposure. Remediation caused significant reduction of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNAs in correspondence of reduced levels of glutathione S-transferase, increase of antioxidant capacity, and repair of DNA integrity. Taken together, our results indicate directions to define new screening approaches in remediation assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, Federico II University,Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Edificio 7 Via Cinthia, 26, Naples, (80126), Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, Federico II University,Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Edificio 7 Via Cinthia, 26, Naples, (80126), Italy
| | - Dea Rabbito
- Department of Biology, Federico II University,Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Edificio 7 Via Cinthia, 26, Naples, (80126), Italy
| | - Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju
- Department of Biology, Federico II University,Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Edificio 7 Via Cinthia, 26, Naples, (80126), Italy
- School of Ocean Engineering, University Malaysia , Terengganu Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gaetano Ciarcia
- Department of Biology, Federico II University,Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Edificio 7 Via Cinthia, 26, Naples, (80126), Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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8
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Quan C, Shi Y, Wang C, Wang C, Yang K. p,p'-DDE damages spermatogenesis via phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:593-600. [PMID: 25410718 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism by which p,p'-DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate some mechanisms involved in this process, including the mitochondria apoptosis pathway and the role of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Puberty male SD rats were given different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/kg body weight), after the treatment, the semen quality was evaluated. Western blotting was used to detect the PHGPx protein expression. Furthermore, real-time PCR was used to analyze the genetic expression of PHGPx, Bax, Cytochrom C (Cyt C), Apaf-1, and caspase-3 in the testis. Results indicated that after the exposure, sperm malformation rate showed a significant rise compared with the control group, and meanwhile, the sperm density and sperm motility parameters were reduced to some extent in different treated groups. The mitochondria apoptosis pathway was activated. And remarkably, the expression of PHGPx protein was greatly reduced by the exposure. We conclude that p,p'-DDE can damage spermatogenesis via PHGPx depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Quan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of epidemiology and health statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hanyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Guerriero G, Trocchia S, Abdel-Gawad FK, Ciarcia G. Roles of reactive oxygen species in the spermatogenesis regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:56. [PMID: 24795696 PMCID: PMC4001055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process of male germ cells proliferation and maturation from diploid spermatogonia, through meiosis, to mature haploid spermatozoa. The process involves dynamic interactions between the developing germ cells and their supporting Sertoli cells. The gonadal tissue, with abundance of highly unsaturated fatty acids, high rates of cell division, and variety of testis enzymes results very vulnerable to the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to address this risk, testis has developed a sophisticated array of antioxidant systems comprising both enzymes and free radical scavengers. This chapter sets out the major pathways of testis generation, the metabolism of ROS, and highlights the transcriptional regulation by steroid receptors of antioxidant stress enzymes and their functional implications. It also deals with of the advantages of the system biology for an antioxidant under steroid control, the major selenoprotein expressed by germ cells in the testis, the phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx/GPx4) having multiple functions and representing the pivotal link between selenium, sperm quality, and species preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CIRAM, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Guerriero, Department of Biology, Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 8, Naples 80134, Italy e-mail:
| | - Samantha Trocchia
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fagr K. Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Center (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gaetano Ciarcia
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CIRAM, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Salomon TB, Hackenhaar FS, Almeida AC, Schüller AK, Gil Alabarse PV, Ehrenbrink G, Benfato MS. Oxidative stress in testis of animals during aging with and without reproductive activity. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:940-6. [PMID: 23834967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging postulates that an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and antioxidant defenses is important in senescence. To address this issue and gain insight into the aging process, we have evaluated the antioxidant defenses and have assessed oxidative damage in testis tissues in aging male rats. In order to relate aging and reproduction, animals with and without reproductive activity were studied. In reproductive animals the results showed a progressive increase in antioxidant enzyme activity until 12 months of age followed by an abrupt fall at 24 months. In non-reproductive animals, antioxidant activity was stable through 12 months of age, but again, fell abruptly at 24 months of age. In addition, increased aconitase activity and increased testosterone levels were found among reproductively active animals. The data demonstrate the existence of metabolic differences in testis of reproductively experienced animals and reproductively naïve animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Boeira Salomon
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica-IB-UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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11
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Proteome analysis for profiling infertility markers in male mouse sperm after carbon ion radiation. Toxicology 2013; 306:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Ufer C, Wang CC, Borchert A, Heydeck D, Kuhn H. Redox control in mammalian embryo development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:833-75. [PMID: 20367257 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an embryo constitutes a complex choreography of regulatory events that underlies precise temporal and spatial control. Throughout this process the embryo encounters ever changing environments, which challenge its metabolism. Oxygen is required for embryogenesis but it also poses a potential hazard via formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). These metabolites are capable of modifying macromolecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) and altering their biological functions. On one hand, such modifications may have deleterious consequences and must be counteracted by antioxidant defense systems. On the other hand, ROS/RNS function as essential signal transducers regulating the cellular phenotype. In this context the combined maternal/embryonic redox homeostasis is of major importance and dysregulations in the equilibrium of pro- and antioxidative processes retard embryo development, leading to organ malformation and embryo lethality. Silencing the in vivo expression of pro- and antioxidative enzymes provided deeper insights into the role of the embryonic redox equilibrium. Moreover, novel mechanisms linking the cellular redox homeostasis to gene expression regulation have recently been discovered (oxygen sensing DNA demethylases and protein phosphatases, redox-sensitive microRNAs and transcription factors, moonlighting enzymes of the cellular redox homeostasis) and their contribution to embryo development is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Berlin, FR Germany
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Shi LG, Xun WJ, Yue WB, Zhang CX, Ren YS, Wang Q, Wu XY, Shi L, Yang RJ, Lei FL. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of goat (Capra hircus) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:316-26. [PMID: 20582224 PMCID: PMC2892295 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The 844 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp. The goat PHGPx nucleotide sequence contains a selenocysteine (sec) codon TGA244-246, two potential start codons ATG20-22 and ATG108-110, a polyadenylation signal AATAAA813-818 and selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) motif AUGA688-691, UGA729-731 and AAA703-705. As a selenoprotein, the active-site motifs and GPx family signature motifs LAFPCNQF101-108 and WNFEK165-170 were also found. The order of PHGPx mRNA expression levels was: testes >> heart > brain > epididymis > kidney > liver > lung > spleen > muscle. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed similar expression differences in different age testes, with high expression levels during adolescence. Immunofluorescence results suggested that PHGPx mainly expressed in Leydig cells and spermatids in mature goat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-guang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Shi LG, Yang RJ, Yue WB, Xun WJ, Zhang CX, Ren YS, Shi L, Lei FL. Effect of elemental nano-selenium on semen quality, glutathione peroxidase activity, and testis ultrastructure in male Boer goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 118:248-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Function of reactive oxygen species during animal development: Passive or active? Dev Biol 2008; 320:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Durmaz A, Dikmen N. Homocysteine effects on cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) activity under in vitro conditions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 22:733-8. [PMID: 18237028 DOI: 10.1080/14756360601164929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with a lot of diseases including cardiovascular diseases and neural tube defect, but it has not been clarified exactly which mechanism is responsible for occurence disease. Here, homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys), which are thiol containing amino acids, were examined for their effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. It was observed that the GPx-1 activity was inhibited under severe hyperhomocysteinemia (50-500 microM Hcy) conditions, especially at low glutathione concentrations but that cysteine increased GPx-1 activity at low glutathione concentrations and inhibition clearly appeared at 500 microM Cys concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşen Durmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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Monticone M, Tonachini L, Tavella S, Degan P, Biticchi R, Palombi F, Puglisi R, Boitani C, Cancedda R, Castagnola P. Impaired expression of genes coding for reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in testes of Mtfr1/Chppr-deficient mice. Reproduction 2007; 134:483-92. [PMID: 17709566 DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mtfr1/Chppris a nuclear gene coding for a mitochondrial protein capable of inducing fission of this organelle in a sequence-specific manner. Here we show that in mice,Mtfr1/Chppris ubiquitously expressed and displays the highest level of expression in pubertal and adult testes and in particular in spermatids and Leydig cells. To investigateMtfr1functionin vivo, we analyzed homozygous mice null for this gene obtained through a gene trap approach. We show that these mice fail to expressMtfr1and that in their testes several genes coding for enzymes involved in the defense against oxidative stress are downregulated. Among these, we studied in particular glutathione peroxidase 3 and show its expression in selected testis cell types. Furthermore, we demonstrate oxidative DNA damage specifically in testes ofMtfr1-deficient mice likely resulting from a reduced antioxidant activity. As a whole, these data suggest thatMtfr1protects the male gonads against oxidative stress.
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Borchert A, Wang CC, Ufer C, Schiebel H, Savaskan NE, Kuhn H. The role of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase isoforms in murine embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:19655-64. [PMID: 16684775 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601195200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, and three different isoforms (cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear) originate from the GPx4 gene. Homozygous GPx4-deficient mice die in utero at midgestation, since they fail to initiate gastrulation and do not develop embryonic cavities. To investigate the biological basis for embryonic lethality, we first explored expression of the GPx4 in adult murine brain and found expression of the protein in cerebral neurons. Next, we profiled mRNA expression during the time course of embryogenesis (embryonic days 6.5-17.5 (E6.5-17.5)) and detected mitochondrial and cytosolic mRNA species at high concentrations. In contrast, the nuclear isoform was only expressed in small amounts. Cytosolic GPx4 mRNA was present at constant levels (about 100 copies per 1000 copies of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA), whereas nuclear and mitochondrial isoforms were down-regulated between E14.5 and E17.5. In situ hybridization indicated expression of GPx4 isoforms in all developing germ layers during gastrulation and in the somite stage in the developing central nervous system and in the heart. When we silenced expression of GPx4 isoforms during in vitro embryogenesis using short interfering RNA technology, we observed that knockdown of mitochondrial GPx4 strongly impaired segmentation of rhombomeres 5 and 6 during hindbrain development and induced cerebral apoptosis. In contrast, silencing expression of the nuclear isoform led to retardations in atrium formation. Taken together, our data indicate specific expression of GPx4 isoforms in embryonic brain and heart and strongly suggest a role of this enzyme in organogenesis. These findings may explain in part intrauterine lethality of GPx4 knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Borchert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Monbijoustrasse 2, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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