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Barton BE, Erickson JA, Allred SI, Jeffries JM, Stephens KK, Hunter MI, Woodall KA, Winuthayanon W. Reversible female contraceptives: historical, current, and future perspectives†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:14-32. [PMID: 37941453 PMCID: PMC10790348 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraception is a practice with extensive and complicated social and scientific histories. From cycle tracking, to the very first prescription contraceptive pill, to now having over-the-counter contraceptives on demand, family planning is an aspect of healthcare that has undergone and will continue to undergo several transformations through time. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current reversible hormonal and non-hormonal birth control methods as well as their mechanism of action, safety, and effectiveness specifically for individuals who can become pregnant. Additionally, we discuss the latest Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved hormonal method containing estetrol and drospirenone that has not yet been used worldwide as well as the first FDA-approved hormonal over-the-counter progestin-only pills. We also review available data on novel hormonal delivery through microchip, microneedle, and the latest FDA-approved non-hormonal methods such as vaginal pH regulators. Finally, this review will assist in advancing female contraceptive method development by underlining constructive directions for future pursuits. Information was gathered from the NCBI and Google Scholars databases using English and included publications from 1900 to present. Search terms included contraceptive names as well as efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action. In summary, we suggest that investigators consider the side effects and acceptability together with the efficacy of contraceptive candidate towards their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Barton
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffery A Erickson
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Translational Bioscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie I Allred
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jenna M Jeffries
- College of Art & Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kalli K Stephens
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Translational Bioscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark I Hunter
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kirby A Woodall
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Wipawee Winuthayanon
- OB/GYN & Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Burnier C, Massonnet G. Pre-analytical considerations of condom traces: A review of composition, background, transfer and persistence. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Miller KWP, Old J, Fischer BR, Schweers B, Stipinaite S, Reich K. Developmental validation of the SPERM HY-LITER™ kit for the identification of human spermatozoa in forensic samples. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:853-65. [PMID: 21595688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With sexual assault evidence, the visualization of spermatozoa confirms that ejaculation has occurred. However, microscopic examination of spermatozoa is a laborious process and can sometimes result in sperm cells being overlooked. Here, we present the developmental validation of the SPERM HY-LITER™ kit, which contains a human sperm-specific mouse monoclonal antibody coupled to a fluorescent Alexa 488 dye. The kit was tested using samples of human semen, saliva, blood, and urine, various animal semen extracts, sexual lubricants, and a commercially available spermicidal film. Postcoital vaginal swabs, degraded semen samples, and samples prepared with sample fixation techniques that deviated from the kit-provided protocol were also tested. In each case, the SPERM HY-LITER™ kit was demonstrated to bind only to human sperm cell heads. Limitations to this fluorescent staining procedure include nonspecific staining and increased background fluorescence with extreme heat fixation in some samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W P Miller
- Forensic Biotechnology Institute of California, California State University-Fresno, 2576 East San Ramon Avenue, M/S ST104, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
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