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Sumiyoshi C, Narita Z, Inagawa T, Yamada Y, Sueyoshi K, Hasegawa Y, Shirama A, Hashimoto R, Sumiyoshi T. Facilitative Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Semantic Memory Examined by Text-Mining Analysis in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:583027. [PMID: 33643185 PMCID: PMC7905092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.583027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Beneficial effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are relevant to cognition and functional capacity, in addition to psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether tDCS would improve higher-order cognition, e.g., semantic memory organization, has remained unclear. Recently, text-mining analyses have been shown to reveal semantic memory. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether tDCS would improve semantic memory, as evaluated by text-mining analyses of category fluency data, in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty-eight patients entered the study. Cognitive assessment including the category fluency task was conducted at baseline (before tDCS treatment) and 1 month after t administration of tDCS (2 mA × 20 min, twice per day) for 5 days, according to our previous study. The category fluency data were also obtained from 335 healthy control subjects. The verbal outputs (i.e., animal names) from the category fluency task were submitted to singular valued decomposition (SVD) analysis. Semantic memory structures were estimated by calculating inter-item cosines (i.e., similarities) among animal names frequently produced in the category fluency task. Data were analyzed longitudinally and cross-sectionally to compare the semantic structure within the patient group (i.e., baseline vs. follow-up) and between groups (patients vs. healthy controls). In the former, semantic associations for frequent items were compared in the form of cosine profiles, while in the latter, the difference in the magnitude of the correlations for inter-item cosines between healthy controls and patients (baseline, follow-up) was examined. Results: Cosine profiles in the patient group became more cluster-based (i.e., pet, carnivores, and herbivores) at follow-up compared to those at baseline, yielding higher cosines within subcategories. The correlational coefficient of inter-item cosines between healthy controls and patients was significantly greater at follow-up compared to baseline; semantic associations in patients approached the normality status after multi-session tDCS. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the facilitative effect of tDCS on semantic memory organization in patients with schizophrenia. Text-mining analysis was indicated to effectively evaluate semantic memory structures in patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Sumiyoshi
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Takuma Inagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sueyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yumi Hasegawa
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Aya Shirama
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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Holmlund TB, Diaz-Asper C, Elvevåg B. The reality of doing things with (thousands of) words in applied research and clinical settings: A commentary on Clarke et al. (2020). Cortex 2020; 136:150-156. [PMID: 33023751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ganesan V, Garrard P. Technology, big data, and the future of paediatric neuroscience: let us go then, you and AI. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:884. [PMID: 32608506 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Garrard
- Molecular and Clinical Science Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Calzà L, Beltrami D, Gagliardi G, Ghidoni E, Marcello N, Rossini-Favretti R, Tamburini F. Should we screen for cognitive decline and dementia? Maturitas 2015; 82:28-35. [PMID: 26152814 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to increased life expectancy, the prevalence of cognitive decline related to neurodegenerative diseases and to non-neurological conditions is increasing in western countries. As with other diseases, the burden might be reduced through personalized interventions delivered at early stages of the disease. Thus, there is an increasing demand, from both social and healthcare systems, for instruments and strategies to recognize cognitive decline, and possibly distinguish the precursor of serious neurodegeneration from "benign senile forgetfulness" or the temporary consequences of illness or trauma. However, this goal faces both technical and ethical issues. In this article we deal with the following: (i) re-definition of cognitive decline and its relationship with frailty definitions, starting from the recent work of international consensus groups for presymptomatic Alzheimer disease recognition; (ii) ethical problems concerning anonymous and personalized cognitive screening and the need for appropriate counselling; (iii) the need for more sensitive and specific tools to detect and distinguish pathological levels of cognitive decline and delineate the contribution of non-pathological decline to accumulated frailty impacts and (iv) the potential of the language domain and spontaneous speech analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calzà
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Italy; Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Beltrami
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Gagliardi
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Tamburini
- Classical Philology and Italian Studies (FICLIT), University of Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disturbances in communication are a hallmark feature of severe mental illnesses. Recent technological advances have paved the way for objectifying communication using automated computerized semantic, linguistic and acoustic analyses. We review recent studies applying various computer-based assessments to the natural language produced by adult patients with severe mental illness. RECENT FINDINGS Automated computerized methods afford tools with which it is possible to objectively evaluate patients in a reliable, valid and efficient manner that complements human ratings. Crucially, these measures correlate with important clinical measures. The clinical relevance of these novel metrics has been demonstrated by showing their relationship to functional outcome measures, their in-vivo link to classic 'language' regions in the brain, and, in the case of linguistic analysis, their relationship to candidate genes for severe mental illness. SUMMARY Computer-based assessments of natural language afford a framework with which to measure communication disturbances in adults with severe mental illnesses. Emerging evidence suggests that they can be reliable and valid, and overcome many practical limitations of more traditional assessment methods. The advancement of these technologies offers unprecedented potential for measuring and understanding some of the most crippling symptoms of some of the most debilitating illnesses known to humankind.
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