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Zhang H, Qi L, Cai Y, Gao X. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Ann Med 2024; 56:2320301. [PMID: 38442298 PMCID: PMC10916925 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2320301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This comprehensive review aims to explore the potential applications of Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Additionally, the study investigates the role of GRPR in prognostic assessment for individuals afflicted with prostate cancer.Methods: The review encompasses a thorough examination of existing literature and research studies related to the upregulation of GRPR in various tumor types, with a specific focus on prostate. The review also evaluates the utility of GRPR as a molecular target in prostate cancer research, comparing its significance to the well-established Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists is explored as an innovative therapeutic approach for individuals with prostate cancer.Results: Research findings suggest that GRPR serves as a promising molecular target for visualizing low-grade prostate cancer. Furthermore, it is demonstrated to complement the detection of lesions that may be negative for PSMA. The integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists presents a novel therapeutic paradigm, offering potential benefits for individuals undergoing treatment for prostate cancer.Conclusions: In conclusion, this review highlights the emerging role of GRPR in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists introduces an innovative therapeutic approach that holds promise for improving outcomes in individuals dealing with prostate cancer. The potential prognostic value of GRPR in assessing the disease's progression adds another dimension to its clinical significance in the realm of urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Prostate Cancer Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Gao
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, P. R. China
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Pavone AM, Benfante V, Giaccone P, Stefano A, Torrisi F, Russo V, Serafini D, Richiusa S, Pometti M, Scopelliti F, Ippolito M, Giannone AG, Cabibi D, Asti M, Vettorato E, Morselli L, Merone M, Lunardon M, Andrighetto A, Tuttolomondo A, Cammarata FP, Verona M, Marzaro G, Mastrotto F, Parenti R, Russo G, Comelli A. Biodistribution Assessment of a Novel 68Ga-Labeled Radiopharmaceutical in a Cancer Overexpressing CCK2R Mouse Model: Conventional and Radiomics Methods for Analysis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:409. [PMID: 38541733 PMCID: PMC10972008 DOI: 10.3390/life14030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study consists of the evaluation of the biodistribution of a novel 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceutical, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Z360, injected into Balb/c nude mice through histopathological analysis on bioptic samples and radiomics analysis of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images. The 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceutical was designed to specifically bind to the cholecystokinin receptor (CCK2R). This receptor, naturally present in healthy tissues such as the stomach, is a biomarker for numerous tumors when overexpressed. In this experiment, Balb/c nude mice were xenografted with a human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cell line (A431 WT) and overexpressing CCK2R (A431 CCK2R+), while controls received a wild-type cell line. PET images were processed, segmented after atlas-based co-registration and, consequently, 112 radiomics features were extracted for each investigated organ / tissue. To confirm the histopathology at the tissue level and correlate it with the degree of PET uptake, the studies were supported by digital pathology. As a result of the analyses, the differences in radiomics features in different body districts confirmed the correct targeting of the radiopharmaceutical. In preclinical imaging, the methodology confirms the importance of a decision-support system based on artificial intelligence algorithms for the assessment of radiopharmaceutical biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Pavone
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.P.); (V.R.); (R.P.)
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (V.B.); (P.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Viviana Benfante
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (V.B.); (P.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Giaccone
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (V.B.); (P.G.); (A.C.)
- Research Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Stefano
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (S.R.); (F.P.C.); (G.R.)
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Enna “Kore”, 94019 Enna, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.P.); (V.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Davide Serafini
- Legnaro National Laboratories, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Viale Dell’Università 2, 35020 Padova, Italy; (D.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Selene Richiusa
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (S.R.); (F.P.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Marco Pometti
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (F.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Fabrizio Scopelliti
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (F.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Massimo Ippolito
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (F.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Elisa Vettorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luca Morselli
- Legnaro National Laboratories, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Viale Dell’Università 2, 35020 Padova, Italy; (D.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Mario Merone
- Research Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marcello Lunardon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alberto Andrighetto
- Legnaro National Laboratories, Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Viale Dell’Università 2, 35020 Padova, Italy; (D.S.); (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Paolo Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (S.R.); (F.P.C.); (G.R.)
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Verona
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.V.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.V.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.V.); (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.P.); (V.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (S.R.); (F.P.C.); (G.R.)
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (V.B.); (P.G.); (A.C.)
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Ghezzo S, Mapelli P, Samanes Gajate AM, Palmisano A, Cucchiara V, Brembilla G, Bezzi C, Suardi N, Scifo P, Briganti A, De Cobelli F, Chiti A, Esposito A, Picchio M. Diagnostic accuracy of fully hybrid [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI and [ 68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/MRI in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: a prospective single-center phase II clinical trial. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:907-918. [PMID: 37897615 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic accuracy and detection rates of PET/MRI with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-M2 in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Sixty patients were enrolled in this prospective single-center phase II clinical trial from June 2020 to October 2022. Forty-four/60 completed all study examinations and were available at follow-up (median: 22.8 months, range: 6-31.5 months). Two nuclear medicine physicians analyzed PET images and two radiologists interpreted MRI; images were then re-examined to produce an integrated PET/MRI report for both [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-RM2 examinations. A composite reference standard including histological specimens, response to treatment, and conventional imaging gathered during follow-up was used to validate imaging findings. Detection rates, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value were assessed. McNemar's test was used to compare sensitivity and specificity on a per-patient base and detection rate on a per-region base. Prostate bed, locoregional lymph nodes, non-skeletal distant metastases, and bone metastases were considered. p-value significance was defined below the 0.05 level after correction for multiple testing. RESULTS Patients' median age was 69.8 years (interquartile range (IQR): 61.8-75.1) and median PSA level at time of imaging was 0.53 ng/mL (IQR: 0.33-2.04). During follow-up, evidence of recurrence was observed in 31/44 patients. Combining MRI with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET and [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET resulted in sensitivity = 100% and 93.5% and specificity of 69.2% and 69.2%, respectively. When considering the individual imaging modalities, [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET showed lower sensitivity compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET and MRI (61.3% vs 83.9% and 87.1%, p = 0.046 and 0.043, respectively), while specificity was comparable among the imaging modalities (100% vs 84.6% and 69.2%, p = 0.479 and 0.134, respectively). CONCLUSION This study brings further evidence on the utility of fully hybrid PET/MRI for disease characterization in patients with biochemically recurrent PCa. Imaging with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET showed high sensitivity, while the utility of [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET in absence of a simultaneous whole-body/multiparametric MRI remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Ghezzo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Mapelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Samanes Gajate
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Palmisano
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Cucchiara
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Brembilla
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Bezzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nazareno Suardi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Largo Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Scifo
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Picchio
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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