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Matsuo T, Kawabata K, Takimiya K. A Novel N-Type Molecular Dopant With a Closed-Shell Electronic Structure Applicable to the Vacuum-Deposition Process. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311047. [PMID: 38227266 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Rational design, synthesis, and characterization of a new efficient versatile n-type dopant with a closed-shell electronic structure are described. By employing the tetraphenyl-dipyranylidene (DP0) framework with two 7π-electron systems modified with N,N-dimethylamino groups as the strong electron-donating substituent, 2,2',6,6'-tetrakis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-4,4'-dipyranylidene (DP7), a closed-shell molecule with an extremely high-lying energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital, close to 4.0 eV below the vacuum level, is successfully developed. Thanks to its thermal stability, DP7 is applicable to vacuum deposition, which allows utilization of DP7 in bulk doping for the development of n-type organic thermoelectric materials and contact doping for reducing contact resistance in n-type organic field-effect transistors. As vacuum-deposition processable n-type dopants are very limited, DP7 stands out as a useful n-type dopant, particularly for the latter purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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2
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Aracena A, Rezende MC, García M, Muñoz-Becerra K, Wrighton-Araneda K, Valdebenito C, Celis F, Vásquez O. Alkylated Benzodithienoquinolizinium Salts as Possible Non-Fullerene Organic N-Type Semiconductors: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6239. [PMID: 34771765 PMCID: PMC8584425 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three photobicyclized benzodithienoquinolizinium tetrafluoroborates (BPDTQBF4) were prepared and evaluated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectral, electrochemical analysis, and by theoretical calculations as possible organic n-type semiconductors. Evaluation and comparison of their LUMO levels, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps as monomeric and π-stacked dimers with those of other materials, suggest their potential as organic n-type semiconductors. Calculations of their relative charge carrier mobilities confirmed this potential for one derivative with a long (C-14) alkyl chain appended to the polycyclic planar π-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aracena
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Marcos Caroli Rezende
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile;
| | - Macarena García
- Laboratorio de Procesos Fotónicos y Electroquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Karina Muñoz-Becerra
- Dirección de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Aconcagua, Pedro de Villagra 2265, Santiago 7630000, Chile;
| | - Kerry Wrighton-Araneda
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago 8940577, Chile;
| | - Cristian Valdebenito
- Centro Integrativo de Química y Biología Aplicada (CIBQA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Freddy Celis
- Laboratorio de Procesos Fotónicos y Electroquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Octavio Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
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Dass D. Structural and electronic properties of a C N fullerene with N = 20, 60, 80, 180, and 240. J Mol Model 2019; 26:9. [PMID: 31834476 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the structural and electronic properties of a CN fullerene with N = 20, 60, 80, 180, and 240 have been investigated using a sp3 tight-binding model. The analytical expressions for the calculation of the total number of carbon atoms, hexagons, pentagons, and bonds found within the geometrical structure of a CN fullerene have been developed and verified using the simulation, therefore proving the validation of both the simulation and analytical results. The simulation results show that the total number of carbon atoms within fullerene is equal to the value of N and the total number of hexagons, pentagons, and bonds within the structure of a fullerene increases with the increase in the value of N. Further, the electronic properties of these fullerenes have been identified with the help of their energy level diagrams obtained using the simulation. It has been observed that the C20 and C80 fullerenes are metallic because of their zero band gaps while the C60 fullerene is an insulator with a very wide band gap of 5 eV whereas the C180 and C240 fullerenes are semiconducting with band gaps of 1.43 eV and 1.05 eV, respectively. Finally, it has been observed from these studies that the metallic fullerenes are best suited for interconnects and the semiconducting fullerenes are bested suited as a channel material for designing high-performance nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Dass
- Department of Electronics, Government Degree College, Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, 182222, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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Xu L, Tang H, Li C, Li F, Li X, Tao S. Structures, electronic properties, and nonlinear optical properties of Ce/Dy-encapsulated C20-glycine: a density-functional theory investigation. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sato S, Seki S, Luo G, Suzuki M, Lu J, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Tunable Charge-Transport Properties of Ih-C80 Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Investigation of La2@C80, Sc3N@C80, and Sc3C2@C80. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11681-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Fukui Center for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Center for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Sato S, Nikawa H, Seki S, Wang L, Luo G, Lu J, Haranaka M, Tsuchiya T, Nagase S, Akasaka T. A Co-Crystal Composed of the Paramagnetic Endohedral Metallofullerene La@C82 and a Nickel Porphyrin with High Electron Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1589-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sato S, Nikawa H, Seki S, Wang L, Luo G, Lu J, Haranaka M, Tsuchiya T, Nagase S, Akasaka T. A Co-Crystal Composed of the Paramagnetic Endohedral Metallofullerene La@C82 and a Nickel Porphyrin with High Electron Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anthony JE, Facchetti A, Heeney M, Marder SR, Zhan X. n-Type organic semiconductors in organic electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3876-3892. [PMID: 20715063 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have been the subject of intensive academic and commercial interest over the past two decades, and successful commercial devices incorporating them are slowly beginning to enter the market. Much of the focus has been on the development of hole transporting, or p-type, semiconductors that have seen a dramatic rise in performance over the last decade. Much less attention has been devoted to electron transporting, or so called n-type, materials, and in this paper we focus upon recent developments in several classes of n-type materials and the design guidelines used to develop them.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506, USA.
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Sugiyama H, Nagano T, Nouchi R, Kawasaki N, Ohta Y, Imai K, Tsutsui M, Kubozono Y, Fujiwara A. Transport properties of field-effect transistors with thin films of C76 and its electronic structure. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zaumseil J, Sirringhaus H. Electron and Ambipolar Transport in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1296-323. [PMID: 17378616 DOI: 10.1021/cr0501543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1040] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zaumseil
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Chen N, Zhang EY, Wang CR. C80 Encaging Four Different Atoms: The Synthesis, Isolation, and Characterizations of ScYErN@C80. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:13322-5. [PMID: 16821851 DOI: 10.1021/jp062982l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, isolation, and spectroscopic characterizations of an endohedral fullerene with four heteroatoms encapsulated (ScYErN@C80) are reported for the first time. The isomeric structure and electronic properties of this molecule are studied by various spectrometry methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), laser desorption time-of-flight (LD-TOF) mass spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) absorption spectroscopy. The carbon cage of ScYErN@C80 is assigned as Ih-C80, and the four-membered ScYErN cluster is suggested to rotate rapidly inside the fullerene cage. Six electrons are transferred from the nuclear cluster ScYErN to the fullerene cage, which leads to a closed-shell electronic structure of the Ih-C80 and results in excellent stability of this molecule.
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13
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Fabrication of a logic gate circuit based on ambipolar field-effect transistors with thin films of C60 and pentacene. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Fabrication and characterization of field-effect transistor device with C2v isomer of Pr@C82. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Krause M, Deutsch D, Janda P, Kavan L, Dunsch L. Electrochemical nanostructuring of fullerene films—spectroscopic evidence for C60 polymer formation and hydrogenation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3179-84. [PMID: 16240029 DOI: 10.1039/b504528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of ordered C60 fullerene films in aqueous solution was studied by AFM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elastic recoil detection analysis. During the irreversible reduction process the film morphology changed from a heteroepitaxial (111) surface to a nanostructured array with clusters of 20 to 50 nm lateral size on average. On the molecular level the initial C60 underwent electrochemical reactions to form C60 polymers and hydrogenated C60. Chemical follow-up reactions of electrochemically formed C60- with water are responsible for the different reduction behaviour of C60 films in aqueous solution compared to C60 reduction in organic solvents and to C60 doping with alkali metals. Based on the spectroscopic analysis a reaction scheme accounting for the chemical processes at the C60 / aqueous electrolyte interface is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krause
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, PF 270116, D-01171, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Bendikov M, Wudl F, Perepichka DF. Tetrathiafulvalenes, Oligoacenenes, and Their Buckminsterfullerene Derivatives: The Brick and Mortar of Organic Electronics. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4891-946. [PMID: 15535637 DOI: 10.1021/cr030666m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1269] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bendikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Exotic Materials Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Rikiishi Y, Kubozono Y, Hosokawa T, Shibata K, Haruyama Y, Takabayashi Y, Fujiwara A, Kobayashi S, Mori S, Iwasa Y. Structural and Electronic Characterizations of Two Isomers of Ce@C82. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049787w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Rikiishi
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubozono
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kana Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Haruyama
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan, Japan Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, and Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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