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He X, Tian Y, O’Neill RT, Xu Y, Lin Y, Weng W, Boulatov R. Coumarin Dimer Is an Effective Photomechanochemical AND Gate for Small-Molecule Release. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23214-23226. [PMID: 37821455 PMCID: PMC10603814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive gating of chemical reactions is of considerable practical and conceptual interest. For example, photocleavable protective groups and gating mechanophores allow the kinetics of purely thermally activated reactions to be controlled optically or by mechanical load by inducing the release of small-molecule reactants. Such release only in response to a sequential application of both stimuli (photomechanochemical gating) has not been demonstrated despite its unique expected benefits. Here, we describe computational and experimental evidence that coumarin dimers are highly promising moieties for realizing photomechanochemical control of small-molecule release. Such dimers are transparent and photochemically inert at wavelengths >300 nm but can be made to dissociate rapidly under tensile force. The resulting coumarins are mechanochemically and thermally stable, but rapidly release their payload upon irradiation. Our DFT calculations reveal that both strain-free and mechanochemical kinetics of dimer dissociation are highly tunable over an unusually broad range of rates by simple substitution. In head-to-head dimers, the phenyl groups act as molecular levers to allow systematic and predictable variation in the force sensitivity of the dissociation barriers by choice of the pulling axis. As a proof-of-concept, we synthesized and characterized the reactivity of one such dimer for photomechanochemically controlled release of aniline and its application for controlling bulk gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun He
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Robert T. O’Neill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Yuanze Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wengui Weng
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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2
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Inacker S, Fanelli J, Ivlev SI, Hampp NA. Intramolecular Coumarin-Dimer Containing Polyurethanes: Optical Tuning via Single- and Two-Photon Absorption Processes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Inacker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fanelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert A. Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Pan P, Svirskis D, Rees SWP, Barker D, Waterhouse GIN, Wu Z. Photosensitive drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and applications. J Control Release 2021; 338:446-461. [PMID: 34481021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, various photosensitive nanoparticles have been developed as potential therapies in human health, ranging from photodynamic therapy technologies that have already reached clinical use, to drug delivery systems that are still in the preclinical stages. Many of these systems are designed to achieve a high spatial and temporal on-demand drug release via phototriggerable mechanisms. This review examines the current clinical and experimental applications in cancer treatment of photosensitive drug release systems, including nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and hydrogels. We will focus on the three main physicochemical mechanisms of imparting photosensitivity to a delivery system: i) photochemical reactions (oxidation, cleavage, and polymerization), ii) photoisomerization, iii) and photothermal reactions. Photosensitive nanoparticles have a multitude of different applications including controlled drug release, resulting from physical/conformational changes in the delivery systems in response to light of specific wavelengths. Most of the recent research in these delivery systems has primarily focused on improving the efficacy and safety of cancer treatments such as photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Combinations of multiple treatment modalities using photosensitive nanoparticulate delivery systems have also garnered great interest in combating multi-drug resistant cancers due to their synergistic effects. Finally, the challenges and future potential of photosensitive drug delivery systems in biomedical applications is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shaun W P Rees
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey I N Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Mukhtar A, Mansha A, Asim S, Shahzad A, Bibi S. Excited State Complexes of Coumarin Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2021; 32:1-17. [PMID: 34580794 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Furocoumarins are the useful derivatives of coumarin, and they act as skin photosensitizing material due to their exciting exciplex states. Dendrimers also form exciplexes when they contain coumarin as core and used for light harvesting. A number of ingredients in human nutrition contain coumarins. The apiaceae family is the most common example of this class that contains carrots, celery and parsley etc. Rutaceae family is also an important food source that contains coumarins and provides citrus food. Besides fruits and vegetables, beverages like coffee, wine, black and green tea also incorporates coumarin derivatives. Few coumarin dyes show absorption and one emission peak but it can show a double amplified spontaneous emission band due to the generation of super exciplexes in coumarins. Exciplex formation of different coumarin derivatives including 7-methoxy coumarin, 7-hydroxy coumarin show wide application in synthesis of various other derivatives and they can be used as dye due to their prominent fluorescence properties. Exciplexes and excimers of coumarin are widely used in lasers. Both singlet and triplet state exciplexes are considered. Thus a comprehensive review of excited state complexes of coumarin derivatives is discussed here with emphases on the interaction and overlap of the energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Asim
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Alina Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Lu D, Zhu M, Wu S, Wang W, Lian Q, Saunders BR. Triply responsive coumarin-based microgels with remarkably large photo-switchable swelling. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using two different wavelengths of UV light enables remarkably strong photo-switchable swelling of pH- and temperature-responsive microgels and photo-release of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lu
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Mingning Zhu
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Shanglin Wu
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Wenkai Wang
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
| | - Qing Lian
- School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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Paul N, Jiang M, Bieniek N, Lustres JLP, Li Y, Wollscheid N, Buckup T, Dreuw A, Hampp N, Motzkus M. Substituting Coumarins for Quinolinones: Altering the Cycloreversion Potential Energy Landscape. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7587-7597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Paul
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Man Jiang
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Bieniek
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J. Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Wollscheid
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Jiang M, Paul N, Bieniek N, Buckup T, Hampp N, Motzkus M. Photocleavage of coumarin dimers studied by femtosecond UV transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:4597-4606. [PMID: 28124687 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are a class of UV absorbing compounds which exhibit fast, photoinduced cyclobutane ring formation and cleavage reactions. The photophysics behind such processes hold significant relevance for biomedical and photoresponsive materials research. In order to further understand the underlying dynamics of the cleavage reaction, and develop strategies for increasing the reaction efficiency, UV transient absorption spectroscopy was applied to three unsubstituted, isomeric coumarin dimers: anti-head-to-head (anti-hh), syn-head-to-head (syn-hh) and syn-head-to-tail (syn-ht). The experiments performed under 280 nm excitation and broadband (300-620 nm) probing revealed that the cleavage reaction of coumarin dimers occurs through non-radiative, short-lived (<200 fs) singlet states. From the data, two branched kinetic models were developed to describe the monomer formation and dimer relaxation dynamics, identify possible intermediate states, and determine the quantum yields of the dimer cleavage. The anti-hh dimer shows the highest cleavage efficiency with a value of about 20%. The differences in the cleavage efficiency for the three isomers are interpreted in terms of differing steric hindrances of the benzene groups attached to the cyclobutane ring and charge delocalisation of the intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nicholas Paul
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Bieniek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Coumarin-Containing Polymers for High Density Non-Linear Optical Data Storage. Molecules 2016; 21:147. [PMID: 26821006 PMCID: PMC6273180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical data storage was performed with various thin polymer films containing coumarin-based derivatives and by using femtosecond laser pulses as well as two-photon absorption processes. Exploring the photodimerization attribute of coumarin derivatives and using appropriate irradiation wavelengths, recording/erasing processes could be carried out in the same area. Second harmonic generation microscopy was used to read the stored information.
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Behrendt PJ, Kim HC, Hampp N. Photochemical cleavage of individual stereoisomers of coumarin-5-fluorouracil crossdimers via single- and two-photon-absorption. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Kehrloesser D, Behrendt PJ, Hampp N. Two-photon absorption triggered drug delivery from a polymer for intraocular lenses in presence of an UV-absorber. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schraub M, Gray H, Hampp N. Selective [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition in Methacrylic Stilbene Polymers without Interference from E/Z-Isomerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2015485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schraub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, Bld. H, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Helen Gray
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, Great Britain
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, Bld. H, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Materials Science Center Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Buckup T, Southan A, Kim HC, Hampp N, Motzkus M. Optimisation of two-photon induced cleavage of molecular linker systems for drug delivery. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Görner H, Wolff T. Lewis-acid-catalyzed Photodimerization of Coumarins andN-methyl-2-quinolone. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:1224-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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