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Ten Brink AF, España MF, Navarro V, Dijkerman HC, Bultitude JH. Investigating Object Affordance in People with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: No Alterations in the Automatic Activation of Motor Plans. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104479. [PMID: 38246251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a condition of chronic pain, predominantly affecting one limb. CRPS is characterised by motor changes including slowed or uncoordinated movements. Cognitive processes that drive movement planning and/or execution might contribute to these changes. We aimed to investigate the potential alterations to such cognitive mechanisms using an 'object affordance' paradigm. Object affordance refers to the observation that viewing an object modulates associated motor responses, presumably due to the automatic activation of a motor plan. We hypothesised that people with CRPS would show reduced object affordance effects for their affected compared to unaffected hand, and compared to pain-free controls. First, we validated an online object affordance task involving button press responses to everyday objects with handles, in pain-free participants (n = 63; Experiment 1). Object affordance was reflected by faster and more accurate responses when the object handle was aligned to the responding hand ("aligned") compared to when the handle was aligned to the other hand ("non-aligned"). These results were similar for the online task as when administered in person. Second, in a case-control study, we administered the online object affordance task to people with CRPS predominantly affecting the upper limb (n = 25), and age-matched pain-free controls (n = 68; Experiment 2). People with CRPS responded faster and more accurately in the aligned versus non-aligned condition (ie, an object affordance effect), both for the affected and unaffected hands. There were no differences to pain-free participants. Therefore, object affordance effects were seen in people with CRPS, providing no evidence for altered motor planning. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents research investigating cognitive processes related to motor planning in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Using an online object affordance paradigm, validated in pain-free controls, the authors found that people with CRPS showed intact object affordance effects in the affected and unaffected hand, suggesting unaltered motor planning. DATA AVAILABILITY: The experiment materials, data, pre-processing scripts, and analysis scripts can be found via Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/nc825/files/osfstorage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F Ten Brink
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - María F España
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Navarro
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Chris Dijkerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Janet H Bultitude
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Lorente A, Mariscal G, Lorente R. Incidence and risk factors for complex regional pain syndrome in radius fractures: meta-analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:5687-5699. [PMID: 37209231 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in radius fractures. METHODS The meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Collaboration Library databases. Studies focusing on patients with conservative or surgically treated radius fractures leading to CRPS were included. A control group consisting of patients with radius fractures and no CRPS (-) was included. The outcome measures were incidence and risk factors. Comparative studies were also included. Data were combined using Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS Out of 610 studies, nine studies were included. The incidence of CRPS after radius fractures ranged from 0.19 to 13.63% (95% CI: 11.12-16.15%). Open fractures, high-energy mechanisms in radial head fractures, and associations with ulnar fractures were risk factors for CRPS [(RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1.00), (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07-0.47), and (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35), respectively]. Other risk factors were female sex and high body mass index [(RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05-1.37) and (MD: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.45-1.88)]. Psychiatric factors also increased the incidence of CRPS (RR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.83-2.28). On the other hand, the type of surgery (external fixation or open reduction and internal fixation) and manipulations; associated comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) together with tobacco and alcohol abuse; marital status, educational level, employment status, and socioeconomic status were not risk factors (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of CRPS in radius fractures was 13.63%. Fractures with greater complexity or greater associated tissue damage, female sex, high BMI, and psychiatric disorders were risk factors for the development of CRPS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Meta-analysis of cohort and case series studies; II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lorente
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Mariscal
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, Valencia Catholic University, Carrer de Quevedo, 2, 46001, València, Valencia, Spain.
- Mediterranean Observatory for Clinical and Health Research, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lorente
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
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Hong SW, Hwang MS, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim SH. Usefulness of the perfusion index for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine infusion therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Pract 2023. [PMID: 36840382 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to compare the perfusion index (PI) between affected and unaffected limbs in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS); it also evaluated the usefulness of the PI for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine infusion therapy in such patients. METHODS In total, 46 patients with CRPS in one arm or leg were enrolled in this study. The PIs of the unaffected (PIControl ) and affected (PICRPS ) limbs were simultaneously evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS PICRPS was significantly lower than PIControl at all time points. The change in PI from immediately before to 30 min after intravenous ketamine infusion therapy (TBefore and T30 min , respectively) in the affected limb was significantly correlated with the change in visual analog pain scale (VAS) between the two time points (r = 0.646, p < 0.001). The area under the curve for the changes in VAS and PICRPS between TBefore and T30 min was 0.928. The optimal threshold value for the change in PICRPS between TBefore and T30 min , to distinguish responders with a ≥ 50-point reduction in VAS score from nonresponders, was 22.60% with a sensitivity of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.774-0.848) and a specificity of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.848-0.930). Thirty-one patients showed a ≥ 50-point reduction in VAS score [67% (95% CI: 54%-80%)] and 15 patients showed a < 50-point reduction in VAS score [33% (95% CI: 20%-46%)]. Thirty patients showed an increased PI ≥ 22.60% [65% (95% CI: 50%-78%)] and 16 patients showed an increased PI < 22.60% [35% (95% CI: 22%-50%)]. Twenty-seven patients had a ≥ 50-point reduction in VAS score and an increased PI ≥ 22.60% [59% (95% CI: 44%-74%)]. Eleven patients had shown a < 50-point pain reduction in VAS score and increased PI < 22.60% [24% (95% CI: 13%-37%)]. CONCLUSION The PI significantly differed between affected and unaffected limbs in patients with CRPS. The PI may be useful for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine therapy in patients with CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Hong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Sik Hwang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hunter CW, Deer TR, Jones MR, Chang Chien GC, D'Souza RS, Davis T, Eldon ER, Esposito MF, Goree JH, Hewan-Lowe L, Maloney JA, Mazzola AJ, Michels JS, Layno-Moses A, Patel S, Tari J, Weisbein JS, Goulding KA, Chhabra A, Hassebrock J, Wie C, Beall D, Sayed D, Strand N. Consensus Guidelines on Interventional Therapies for Knee Pain (STEP Guidelines) from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2683-2745. [PMID: 36132996 PMCID: PMC9484571 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s370469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee pain is second only to the back as the most commonly reported area of pain in the human body. With an overall prevalence of 46.2%, its impact on disability, lost productivity, and cost on healthcare cannot be overlooked. Due to the pervasiveness of knee pain in the general population, there are no shortages of treatment options available for addressing the symptoms. Ranging from physical therapy and pharmacologic agents to interventional pain procedures to surgical options, practitioners have a wide array of options to choose from – unfortunately, there is no consensus on which treatments are “better” and when they should be offered in comparison to others. While it is generally accepted that less invasive treatments should be offered before more invasive ones, there is a lack of agreement on the order in which the less invasive are to be presented. In an effort to standardize the treatment of this extremely prevalent pathology, the authors present an all-encompassing set of guidelines on the treatment of knee pain based on an extensive literature search and data grading for each of the available alternative that will allow practitioners the ability to compare and contrast each option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey W Hunter
- Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation & Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Deer
- The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan S D'Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Erica R Eldon
- Department of Rehabilitation & Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Johnathan H Goree
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lissa Hewan-Lowe
- Department of Rehabilitation & Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jillian A Maloney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony J Mazzola
- Department of Rehabilitation & Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeanmarie Tari
- Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Chris Wie
- Interventional Spine and Pain, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Douglas Beall
- Comprehensive Specialty Care, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dawood Sayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Isasi E, Isasi ME, van Loon JJWA. The application of artificial gravity in medicine and space. Front Physiol 2022; 13:952723. [PMID: 36105282 PMCID: PMC9465481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.952723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity plays a crucial role in physiology. The lack of gravity, like in long duration spaceflight missions, cause pathologies in e.g., the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular deconditioning, immune system deprivation or brain abnormalities, to just mention a few. The application of artificial gravity through short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) has been studied as a possible countermeasure to treat spaceflight deconditioning. However, hypergravity protocols applied by using SAHC have also been used to treat different, ground-based pathologies. Such gravitational therapies have been applied in Uruguay for more than four decades now. The aim of this overview is to summarize the most important findings about the effects of gravitational therapy in different, mainly vascular based pathologies according to the experience in the Gravitational Therapy Center and to discuss the current research in the field of hypergravity applications in medicine but also as multisystem countermeasure for near weightlessness pathologies. New insight is needed on the use of hypergravity in medicine and space research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Isasi
- Centro de Terapia Gravitacional, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria E. Isasi
- Centro de Terapia Gravitacional, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Jack J. W. A. van Loon, ; Maria E. Isasi,
| | - Jack J. W. A. van Loon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences & Amsterdam Bone Center (ABC), Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam & Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Life Support and Physical Sciences Section (TEC-MMG), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jack J. W. A. van Loon, ; Maria E. Isasi,
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Ramahi A, Hughes M, Khanna D. Practical management of Raynaud's phenomenon - a primer for practicing physicians. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2022; 34:235-244. [PMID: 35699336 PMCID: PMC9246963 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common vasospastic condition that results in digital hypoperfusion in response to cold and/or emotional stress and is associated with significant pain and disability. The aim of our review is to provide a practical approach for clinicians to inform assessment and management of patients with RP. RECENT FINDINGS Autoantibodies and nailfold capillaroscopy are key investigations to stratify the risk of progression to systemic sclerosis (SSc) in patients RP, which was recently confirmed in the multicenter, very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS) project. Research has explored the complex lived-patient experience of RP including digital vasculopathy in SSc and has highlighted the need for outcome measure development to facilitate research in the field. Pharmacological treatment strategies vary significantly internationally and there is continued interest in developing surgical approaches. SUMMARY We provide a practical and up-to-date approach to inform the assessment and management of patients with RP including guidance on drug initiation and escalation. Calcium channel blockers are first-line treatment and can be initiated by primary care physicians. We also highlight second-line drug therapies used for refractory RP and the potential role for surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ramahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Hughes
- Tameside Hospital, Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Altun A, Askin A, Sengul I, Aghazada N, Aydin Y. Evaluation of YouTube videos as sources of information about complex regional pain syndrome. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:319-326. [PMID: 35768987 PMCID: PMC9251394 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the internet usage becomes easily accessible, the patients are more frequently searching about diseases and medical/non-medical treatments. Considering that complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating disease, it is important to check the information that patients are accessing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability, sufficiency, and accuracy of the YouTube videos about CRPS. Methods This study is a descriptive research which is derived by searching videos using the keyword ‘complex regional pain syndrome’ on YouTube. Relevance-based sequencing was used to sort the videos. Sources and video parameters were documented. To evaluate the accuracy, reliability and content quality of the videos, Global Quality Score, Journal of American Medical Association Benchmark Criteria and Modified DISCERN Questionnaire scales were used. Results A total of 167 videos were included in this study. The majority of the videos originated from USA (80.2%, n = 134). The median number of views was 639 and the viewing rate was 73.3. Most of the videos had partially sufficient data and the interaction index viewing rate parameters for videos with high content quality were greater than videos with low content quality (P = 0.010, P = 0.014). Conclusions Our results showed that videos about CRPS on YouTube mostly had partially sufficient data and include intermediate-high quality contents. Moreover, high-content quality videos had higher viewing rates, interaction indexes, number of likes, longer durations, as well as better reliability and accuracy scores. Videos with high quality and reliable content are needed to reduce misinformation about CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Altun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Askin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilker Sengul
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nazrin Aghazada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Aydin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Somatic and Abdominal Acupuncture for Pain Treatment in Adolescent Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) of the Upper Limb: A Case Report. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8121187. [PMID: 34943383 PMCID: PMC8699959 DOI: 10.3390/children8121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is still poorly understood. It is a pain disorder in which pain is disproportionate to the initial stimulus. There is no specific therapy for CRPS, but it can be managed by a combination of treatments. We report a 13-year-old girl with CRPS of the upper limb treated with somatic and abdominal acupuncture. She described a severe, pulsating pain in the left wrist and hand, with hypersensitivity, allodynia, a marked reduction in strength, and swelling and sweating at the level of the fingers. Pain began three months previously, after a trauma to the left wrist. The diagnostic tests performed were negative. At the first visit we recommended oral tramadol. During the first two sessions we used somatic acupuncture. At the third session, the girl reported suffering intolerable pain in the affected limb during the previous sessions, so we decided to use abdominal acupuncture. After 8 sessions of abdominal acupuncture the pain completely disappeared. Acupuncture could be a potential alternative when conservative therapy with physical and medical treatment fails, but more often parents and adolescents prefer this therapy since other comorbidities are often present in pediatric populations and abdominal acupuncture could be a valuable alternative aid.
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Faggiani M, Piccato A, Baroni C, Risitano S, Conforti LG. Intravenous treatment with biphosphates in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021190. [PMID: 34487084 PMCID: PMC8477097 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i4.11194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a pathological persistence of spontaneous or evoked disproportionate pain. Several drugs are employed, but only bisphosphonates seem to have good outcomes. The purpose of our research is to analyze the characteristics of the cases victims of CRPS and study the beneficial effect of the intravenous nerindronic acid sodium salt (Nerixia®), in an attempt to improve the results in this disabling disease. Materials and methods: We retrospectively examined 30 cases of CRPS that had undergone intravenous nerindronic acid sodium salt therapy in our center. The patients were contacted after 12 months from the start of therapy and their clinical situation was assessed with Quick DASH Score. Results: The average age of our group was 59,76 years (span, 42-78), and female subjects were 84% (p-value <0.05). 72% of all cases were complications of wrist fractures.). The Quick DASH Score (19 points are the best result, 95 the worst outcome) average was 41,1 points. The values of Quick DASH Score differed significantly (p-value <0.001) according to the age of the patient. In addition, the DASH Score values were related to the sex of the patient (p-value <0.001). Male subjects have obtained a better score. After 12 months of intravenous therapy, 52% of cases reports that they still have joint stiffness. The DASH values differed significantly depending on the onset of intravenous treatment (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that the CRPS affects a population between 42 and 78 years, especially women. Treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates seems to lead to an improvement in CRPS symptoms, in particular administration between 3 and 6 months after the onset of the disease. In particular, women over 61 years of age seem to have a lower improvement in symptomatology after treatment. 52% of cases report that they still have joint stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Faggiani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. "Maggiore" Hospital of Chieri. Turin. Italy.
| | - Alice Piccato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and traumatology. "Edoardo Agnelli" Hospital - Pinerolo. Italy.
| | - Chiara Baroni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. "Maggiore" Hospital of Chieri. Turin. Italy.
| | - Salvatore Risitano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. "Maggiore" Hospital of Chieri. Turin. Italy.
| | - Luigi Giulio Conforti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. "Maggiore" Hospital of Chieri. Turin. Italy.
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Dutton LK, Rhee PC. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Distal Radius Fracture: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Hand Clin 2021; 37:315-322. [PMID: 33892884 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by a constellation of signs and symptoms including pain out of proportion to the injury or insult, autonomic dysfunction, trophic changes, and impaired function. CRPS may occur following either conservative or surgical management of distal radius fractures and can significantly complicate the trajectory of a patient's recovery. Although the incidence, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this condition have been extensively studied, optimal methods to identify, prevent, and treat this condition remain controversial. This article reviews the available literature on the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS in distal radius fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kate Dutton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter Charles Rhee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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