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Neyrão IM, Santos FBP, Rodrigues RB, Streit DP, Godoy L. Use of Powdered Milk in Semen Cryopreservation Protocols for Fish: A Systematic Review. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:4-20. [PMID: 36749156 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides an overview of the history and current status of cryopreservation of fish sperm and a detailed evaluation of cryoprotocols using powdered milk. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. Twenty-nine articles were selected after excluding duplicate articles or articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria. Rhamdia quelen and Danio rerio were the most studied species. Slow freezing method, dry-shipper, freezing rate of -35.6°C/min, thawing in water bath (35.93°C ± 10°C), and 0.25 and 0.5 mL plastic straws were the main approaches evaluated. Methanol was the most used permeable cryoprotectant in combination with powdered milk, yielding the best results at 10% concentration. Motility rate was the main analysis performed after cryopreservation in virtually all studies, being subjectively evaluated by most authors. Powdered milk at 15% promoted the best results in the analyzed studies. For motility rate, the gains with the addition of powdered milk were observed in the orders Perciformes (Oreochromis mossambicus), Siluriformes (Pangasius pangasius, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, and Pseudoplatystoma mataense), and Cypriniformes (Tor soro and Barbonymus gonionotus). For fertilization, gains were observed in the order Siluriformes (P. mataense) and Cypriniformes (T. soro). Sperm viability gains were observed in the orders Siluriformes (P. pangasius), Characiformes (Piaractus brachypomus), and Cypriniformes (B. gonionotus). The scientific evidence we present in this study may contribute and serve as a starting point for new and more refined studies to be developed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Moraes Neyrão
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Batista Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danilo Pedro Streit
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leandro Godoy
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Betsy C J, C S, Sampath Kumar J S. Cryopreservation and Its Application in Aquaculture. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is the major aquatic animal production segment. Problems like inbreeding depression, genetic drift, introgressive hybridization, etc. have been influencing the production of quality seeds negatively. Cryopreservation serves as a way-out for these problems and a possible answer to produce quality seeds and genetically improved varieties. It has been considered as a major strategy for conservation of fish genetic resources. Cryopreservation of fish gametes has been in vogue since 1953 and the technology is well studied and validated for many species. So far the milt of 200 fish species has been cryopreserved successfully. In this chapter, the importance of aquaculture in overcoming malnutrition, genetic issues affecting quality seed production, cryopreservation protocol employed for various fish species, problems faced in cryopreserving fish eggs and embryos and future of cryopreservation in aquaculture have been discussed.
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Du C, Zheng X, Jiang J, Meng J, Wu Y, Gao X, Zhu J. The effects of extenders, cryoprotectants and conditions in two-step cooling method on Varicorhinus barbatulus sperm. Cryobiology 2021; 100:133-141. [PMID: 33640316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an optimal cryopreservation procedure for Varicorhinus barbatulus sperm. To this end, we optimized (1) the types and dilution ratios of extenders; (2) types and final concentration of cryoprotectants; and (3) freezing conditions, including equilibration time, height above the surface of liquid nitrogen (LN), and the cooling times in the two-step cooling method. The optimum result was obtained when the sperm was diluted at a 1:9 ratio in D-17 with 10% methanol, equilibrated at 4 °C for 10 min, held at 7 cm above LN for 2 min, and finally stored in LN. After storage for 12 h in LN, the sperm was thawed in a water bath at 40 °C for 6s, the post-thaw sperm motility was 66.10 ± 7.12%, while the corresponding rate for fresh sperm was 87.08 ± 2.38%. Using computer-assisted sperm analysis, we found a significant decrease in the motility parameters of post-thaw sperm, especially the parameters related to velocity. To evaluate the effects of cryopreservation on the structural integrity of sperm, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed, which showed the defects in frozen sperm, including: abnormal heads, damaged plasma membranes, broken tails, and the disappearance of the mitochondrial internal crest. In addition, we determined the mitochondrial membrane potential to assess the functional integrity of frozen sperm. Our results showed a decrease in the mitochondrial function of frozen sperm. This procedure could be used alongside cryopreservation of V. barbatulus and supports its commercial-scale production and species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology By the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology By the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhu Jiang
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China.
| | - Jiajie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology By the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology By the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology By the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology By the Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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Wei F, Yu L, Li R, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Liang J, Ma R, Qi H, Qin Q, Zhang R, Zhu S, Li C. Studies of the cryopreservation condition of Gymnocypris przewalskii spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 188:13-20. [PMID: 29129306 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The endemic naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii Kessler, 1876) plays an important role in the maintenance of the distinctive ecological system of Lake Qinghai at 3.2km altitude on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. This study aimed to develop a cryopreservation protocol for Gymnocypris przewalskii spermatozoa. Semen was collected from mature individuals during migration and frozen using the liquid nitrogen vapor method. The influence of different cryoprotectants and three extenders on the post-thaw quality of the sperm was analyzed. The highest sperm motility rate and longest motility time after cryopreservation were achieved by combining Ringer's solution with 15% ethylene glycol (P<0.05). The fertilization rate of this cryopreserved semen was 15.26±4.54%. This study thus provides a valuable method for the cryopreservation of the sperm of this important endangered fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Luxian Yu
- Gymnocypris przewalskii Rescue Centre, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Ruihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- Gymnocypris przewalskii Rescue Centre, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Hongfang Qi
- Gymnocypris przewalskii Rescue Centre, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shihai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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Martínez-Páramo S, Horváth Á, Labbé C, Zhang T, Robles V, Herráez P, Suquet M, Adams S, Viveiros A, Tiersch TR, Cabrita E. Cryobanking of aquatic species. Aquaculture 2017; 472:156-177. [PMID: 29276317 PMCID: PMC5737826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the applications of genome cryobanking of aquatic species including freshwater and marine fish, as well as invertebrates. It also reviews the latest advances in cryobanking of model species, widely used by the scientific community worldwide, because of their applications in several fields. The state of the art of cryopreservation of different cellular types (sperm, oocytes, embryos, somatic cells and primordial germ cells or early spermatogonia) is discussed focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure according to different applications. A special review on the need of standardization of protocols has also been carried out. In summary, this comprehensive review provides information on the practical details of applications of genome cryobanking in a range of aquatic species worldwide, including the cryobanks established in Europe, USA, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, the species and type of cells that constitute these banks and the utilization of the samples preserved. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE This review compiles the last advances on germplasm cryobanking of freshwater and marine fish species and invertebrates, with high value for commercial aquaculture or conservation. It is reviewed the most promising cryopreservation protocols for different cell types, embryos and larvae that could be applied in programs for genetic improvement, broodstock management or conservation of stocks to guarantee culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Robles
- IEO, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Santander Oceanographic Centre, El Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n Bocal, 39012 Monte, Santander, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology and INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marc Suquet
- IFREMER, PFOM Dept, Stn Expt Argenton, UMR, 6539 Argenton, France
| | - Serean Adams
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ana Viveiros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Mani I, Kumar R, Singh M, Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B, Srivastava PK, Rao DSK, Lakra WS. Nucleotide variation and physical mapping of ribosomal genes using FISH in genus Tor (Pisces, Cyprinidae). Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2637-47. [PMID: 21104144 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic studies were carried out for localization of 18S and 5S ribosomal DNAs on chromosomes of three cyprinid fish species viz., T. khudree, T. mussullah and T. mosal mahanadicus using two color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). All the species typically possessed 100 diploid chromosomes with minor variation in karyo-morphology. The 18S rDNA signals were observed on two pair of chromosomes in T. khudree and T. mussullah, and three pairs in T. mosal mahanadicus. The location of 18S signals also showed affinity to silver nitrate and chromomycin A3 staining. Similarly, variation in localization of 5S rDNA among the three species has been detected with the presence of FISH signals on one pair of chromosome in T. khudree and T. mussullah, and on two pairs in T. mosal mahanadicus. These molecular markers could be used as species specific markers for taxonomic identification and can further add in understanding the dynamics of genome organization and karyotypic evolution of these species. The 18S rDNA region was sequenced that generated 1811, 1810 and 1776 bp long 18S sequence in T. khudree, T. mussullah and T. mosal mahanadicus, respectively. The 18S rDNA sequence showed 95-98% identity among the subject species. Similarly, 5S sequencing generated 203 bp long fragments in these species with 100% identity in coding and 9.63% variability in non-transcribed spacer regions. The nucleotide sequence variations could be used for understanding the genetic diversity and will add new informative characters in comparative genomics. These results, in general, would enhance the value and interpretation of ecological assessment data for conservation of Tor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Mani
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002, U.P., India
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Yasui GS, Arias-rodriguez L, Fujimoto T, Arai K. A sperm cryopreservation protocol for the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and its applicability for other related species. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 116:335-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mani I, Kumar R, Singh M, Kushwaha B, Nagpure NS, Srivastava PK, Murmu K, Rao DSK, Lakra WS. Karyotypic diversity and evolution of seven mahseer species (Cyprinidae) from India. J Fish Biol 2009; 75:1079-1091. [PMID: 20738599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mahseer is a group of fish species that are well known as food and game fishes. The taxonomy of the mahseer species is confusing owing to the morphological variations and habitat adaptation. Detailed karyomorphological investigations have been carried out in seven species of mahseer, using karyotyping, Ag-NOR and fluorescent staining techniques. The basic diploid chromosome number (2n), in all mahseer species, was observed to be 100; however, the karyotype formula varied among the species, which were recorded as: 20m + 14sm + 22st + 44t (fundamental arm number, FN = 134) in Tor khudree; 22m + 24sm + 24st + 30t (FN = 146) in Tor mussullah; 12m + 22sm + 14st + 52t (FN = 134) in Tor putitora; 20m + 24sm + 24st + 32t (FN = 144) in Tor tor; 20m + 30sm + 24st + 26t (FN = 150) in Tor chelynoides; 20m + 20sm + 20st + 40t (FN = 140) in Tor progeneius; and 20m + 18sm + 14st + 48t (FN = 138) in Neolissochilus hexagonolepis. Silver staining of the chromosomes revealed the presence of multiple nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in these mahseer species. The highest number of NORs was observed in T. tor (four pairs of chromosomes), whereas the other six species possessed Ag-NOR signals on only two pairs of chromosomes. Although chromomycin A(3) (CMA(3)) staining induced bright fluorescence signals on same Ag-NORs sites, with CMA(3), one additional signal was observed on the p arm of subtelocentric chromosomes in T. tor, T. chelynoides, T. progeneius and N. hexagonolepis, which may indicate the presence of inactive NOR in these species. The information on cytogenetic profile of these mahseer species is discussed in the light of cytotaxonomic implications and understanding the karyoevolution of these fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mani
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Peñaranda D, Pérez L, Gallego V, Jover M, Asturiano J. Improvement of European eel sperm cryopreservation method by preventing spermatozoa movement activation caused by cryoprotectants. Cryobiology 2009; 59:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ji X, Zhao Y, Chen S, Jiang Y, Wang H, Song J, Ding L, Chen H. Successful fertilization of Varicorhinus macrolepis eggs with sperm subjected to two freeze–thaw cycles. Theriogenology 2008; 69:793-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garzón DL, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Marco-Jiménez F, Espert X, Müller T, Jover M, Asturiano JF. Effects of pH, sodium bicarbonate, cryoprotectants and foetal bovine serum on the cryopreservation of European eel sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:99-105. [PMID: 18199265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH and bicarbonate concentration in the activation or inhibition of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa and to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetamide, ethylene glycol, propanol, glycerol and methanol (MeOH). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of motile cells, the percentage of alive cells (by Hoechst staining) and the spermatozoa morphometry pre- and post-cryopreservation (by computer-assisted morphology analysis). Based on the above findings, three cryoprotectants (DMSO, MeOH and glycerol) were chosen and evaluated in two media (P1 and P1 modified) with different concentrations of NaHCO(3) and in the presence or absence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of alive and motile cells post-cryopreservation. DMSO was the cryoprotectant showing better results in relation to the percentage of spermatic alive cells post-freezing and caused a smaller modification of the head spermatozoa morphology. The combination of P1-modified medium with DMSO and containing FBS increased slightly but significantly the percentage of motile spermatozoa post-cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Garzón
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Recursos Acuícolas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
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Marco-Jiménez F, Garzón DL, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Viudes-de-Castro MP, Vicente JS, Jover M, Asturiano JF. Cryopreservation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa: Effect of dilution ratio, foetal bovine serum supplementation, and cryoprotectants. Cryobiology 2006; 53:51-7. [PMID: 16712830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sperm freezing medium dilution ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 v/v), two cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulphoxide (Me(2)SO) and methanol (MeOH), and the addition of foetal bovine serum (FBS) on the cryopreservation of European eel sperm. The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing post-thawing viability with fluorescent staining (Hoechst bisbenzimide 33258) and the spermatozoa head morphometry, determined with computer-assisted morphology analysis (ASMA). The 1:5 (v/v) dilution ratio resulted in a lower viability in comparison with 1:1 and 1:2 (52.8+/-2.3% vs. 67.4+/-2.3% and 65.1+/-2.3%, respectively, p=0.0001), but without effects on the head morphology. Although the viability was not significantly different between Me(2)SO and MeOH (60.4+/-1.9 vs. 63.2+/-1.9%, respectively, p=0.305), a decrease of spermatozoa head area and perimeter was found when spermatozoa were frozen with methanol (6.19+/-0.01 vs. 6.36+/-0.01 microm(2) and 17.28+/-0.05 vs. 17.49+/-0.05 microm, for area and perimeter and MeOH and Me(2)SO, respectively, p=0.0001). Finally, a higher viability (75.1+/-1.7 vs. 48.5+/-1.7, with or without FBS, respectively, p=0.0001) and higher spermatozoa head size (6.40+/-0.01 vs. 6.15+/-0.01microm(2) and 17.88+/-0.05 vs. 16.89+/-0.05 microm, for area and perimeter, with or without FBS, respectively, p=0.0001) were found when cells were frozen-thawed in freezing media supplemented with FBS. Based on the above findings, dilution ratios lower than 1:5 (v/v) and the addition of serum improved the viability results after cryopreservation. Future studies are required in order to understand the spermatozoa membrane interchange mechanisms in response to the changes in spermatozoa head size caused by cryoprotectants and freezing media supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marco-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Polígono de la Esperanza N degree 100, 12400 Segorbe, Spain
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Basavaraja N, Hegde S, Palaksha K. Cryopreservation of the Endangered Mahseer (Tor khudree) Spermatozoa: Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Freezing, Activating Media, and Cryostorage on Post-Thaw Spermatozoa Motility and Fertility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/cpt.2006.4.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Basavaraja
- Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Karnataka, India
| | - S.N. Hegde
- VIDVATH, Vijayanagar II Stage, Mysore 570 017, India
| | - K.J. Palaksha
- Fish and Shellfish Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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