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Klbik I, Čechová K, Milovská S, Rusnák J, Vlasáč J, Melicherčík M, Mat'ko I, Lakota J, Šauša O. Cryoprotective Mechanism of DMSO Induced by the Inhibitory Effect on Eutectic NaCl Crystallization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11153-11159. [PMID: 36442496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a critical procedure in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the cryoprotectant of choice. Optimization of the cryopreservation protocol in the past revealed a dramatic loss of cell viability associated with a reduction of the DMSO concentration below 2 vol % in the freezing medium. The cryoprotective mechanism of DMSO is usually ascribed to the ability to suppress ice formation and reduce the adverse effects of the freeze-concentrated solution. This work proposes an alternative hypothesis considering the detrimental impact of NaCl eutectic crystallization on cell viability. Thermoanalytical and microstructural analysis of the DMSO effect on eutectic phase transformation of cryoprotective mixtures revealed a correlation between the loss of cell viability and eutectic NaCl crystallization. DMSO inhibits the eutectic crystallization of NaCl and preserves cell viability. Thermodynamic description of the inhibitory action and possible mechanism of cryoinjury are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Klbik
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
- Department of Experimental Physics, FMFI U.K., Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Katarína Čechová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, FMFI U.K., Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Stanislava Milovská
- Earth Science Institute SAS, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01Banská Bystrica, Slovak republic
| | - Jaroslav Rusnák
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Jozef Vlasáč
- Earth Science Institute SAS, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01Banská Bystrica, Slovak republic
| | - Milan Melicherčík
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, FMFI U.K., Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Igor Mat'ko
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Ján Lakota
- Center of Experimental Medicine SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04Bratislava, Slovak republic
- Faculty of Management, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 820 05Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215Bratislava, Slovak republic
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Johnson S, Hall C, Das S, Devireddy R. Freezing of Solute-Laden Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics of Crystallization and Heat- and Mass-Transfer-Limited Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100540. [PMID: 36290508 PMCID: PMC9598362 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an earlier study, we reexamined the latent heat of fusion during freezing at 5 K/min of twelve different pre-nucleated solute-laden aqueous solutions using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and correlated it with the amount of initially dissolved solids or solutes in the solution. In general, a decrease in DSC-measured heat release (in comparison to that of pure water, 335 mJ/mg) was observed with an increasing fraction of dissolved solids or solutes, as observed in the earlier study. In addition, the kinetics of ice crystallization was also obtained in three representative biological media by performing additional experiments at 1, 5 and 20 K/min. A model of ice crystallization based on the phase diagram of a water–NaCl binary solution and a modified Avrami-like model of kinetics was then developed and fit to the experimental data. Concurrently, a heat and mass transfer model of the freezing of a salt solution in a small container is also presented to account for the effect of the cooling rate as well as the solute concentration on the measured latent of freezing. This diffusion-based model of heat and mass transfer was non-dimensionalized, solved using a numerical scheme and compared with experimental results. The simulation results show that the heat and mass transfer model can predict (± 10%) the experimental results.
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Han Y, Jaganathan GK, Zhou J, Wei S, Liu B. The Adaptation to Freezing Tolerance of Hydrated Lettuce Seeds: Effects of Regional Climate and of Seed Characteristics. CRYOLETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.54680/fr22410110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: With global warming, soil seed banks at high altitudes face dual challenges, excessive water absorption and thinner snow cover that increase underground temperature. A better understanding of freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds provides insights for conservation
in natural soil seed banks. OBJECTIVE: To understand the adaptation mechanisms of seed freezing tolerance under various climates, in relation to cooling rate and seed size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve ecotypes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds were collected from different
geographical locations around the world. Seeds were fully hydrated and tested for their freezing tolerance using programmed cooling methods. RESULTS: The size of seeds from different climate regions varied, and was correlated with the freezing tolerance of the hydrated seeds (P<
0.05). Larger seeds showed poorer freezing tolerance. The local climates of maternal plants were also well correlated to seed freezing tolerance ( P< 0.05), especially under slow cooling conditions. The seeds collected in regions with high spring rainfall exhibited greater freezing
tolerance. CONCLUSION: Freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds is affected by the climate of maternal plants and by seed size. Our data revealed the existence of an adaptation mechanism of freezing tolerance among various ecotypes of lettuce seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganesh K Jaganathan
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, China
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Chen CJ, Kao MH, Alvarado NAS, Ye YM, Tseng HY. Microfluidic Determination of Distinct Membrane Transport Properties between Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells CL1-0 and CL1-5. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040199. [PMID: 35448259 PMCID: PMC9030283 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane permeability of a cell type to water (Lp) and cryoprotective agents (Ps), is the key factor that determines the optimal cooling and mass transportation during cryopreservation. The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, CL1, has been widely used to study the invasive capabilities or drug resistance of lung cancer cells. Therefore, providing accurate databases of the mass transport properties of this specific cell line can be crucial for facilitating either flexible and optimal preservation, or supply. In this study, utilizing our previously proposed noncontact-based micro-vortex system, we focused on comparing the permeability phenomenon between CL1-0 and its more invasive subline, CL1-5, under several different ambient temperatures. Through the assay procedure, the cells of favor were virtually trapped in a hydrodynamic circulation to provide direct inspection using a high-speed camera, and the images were then processed to achieve the observation of a cell’s volume change with respect to time, and in turn, the permeability. Based on the noncontact nature of our system, we were able to manifest more accurate results than their contact-based counterparts, excluding errors involved in estimating the cell geometry. As the results in this experiment showed, the transport phenomena in the CL1-0 and CL1-5 cell lines are mainly composed of simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer, except for the case where CL1-5 were suspended in the cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution, which also demonstrated higher Ps values. The deviated behavior of CL1-5 might be a consequence of the altered expression of aquaporins and the coupling of a cryoprotective agent and water, and has given a vision on possible studies over these properties, and their potential relationship to invasiveness and metastatic stability of the CL1 cell line.
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Tseng HY, Chen CJ, Wu ZL, Ye YM, Huang GZ. The non-contact-based determination of the membrane permeability to water and dimethyl sulfoxide of cells virtually trapped in a self-induced micro-vortex. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:354-366. [PMID: 34908084 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cell-membrane permeabilities of a cell type toward water (Lp) and cryoprotective agents (Ps) provide crucial cellular information for achieving optimal cryopreservation in the biobanking industry. In this work, cell membrane permeability was successfully determined via directly visualizing the transient profile of the cell volume change in response to a sudden osmotic gradient instantaneously applied between the intracellular and extracellular environments. A new micro-vortex system was developed to virtually trap the cells of interest in flow-driven hydrodynamic circulation passively formed at the expansion region in a microfluidic channel, where trapped cells remain in suspension and flow with the streamline of the localized vortex, involving no physical contact between cells and the device structure; furthermore, this supports a pragmatic assumption of 100% sphericity and allows for the calculation of the active surface area of the cell membrane for estimating the actual cell volume from two-dimensional images. For an acute T-cell lymphoma cell line (Jurkat), moderately higher values (Lp = 0.34 μm min-1 atm-1 for a binary system, and Lp = 0.16 μm min-1 atm-1 and Ps = 0.55 × 10-3 cm min-1 for a ternary system) were measured than those obtained from prior methods utilizing contact-based cell-trapping techniques, manifesting the influence of physical contact on accuracy during the determination of cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yang Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Jen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Zong-Lin Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Ming Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Guo-Zhen Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Klbik I, Čechová K, Maťko I, Lakota J, Šauša O. On crystallization of water confined in liposomes and cryoprotective action of DMSO. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2300-2309. [PMID: 35425238 PMCID: PMC8979176 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the phase behavior of cryoprotective mixtures based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with a lipid bilayer consisting of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) was studied. This system represented a model of a biological cell and its membrane. The aim of the work was to clarify the origin of the cryoprotective action of low-concentrated mixtures (1-10 vol%) DMSO in water, representing mixtures used in cryopreservation in cell therapy. The combination of experimental techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) allowed a study of crystallization behavior of water confined in liposomes imitating the intracellular environment. The ability of liposomes to show the fundamental aspects of water phase behavior seen during freezing of biological cells was proved. The presence of an amorphous freeze-concentrated phase of DMSO in the frozen state was confirmed and its possible crystallization into the DMSO trihydrate and ice during thawing was demonstrated. Correlation between the critical temperature range for the loss of cell viability during slow thawing and the temperatures of freeze-concentrated phase crystallization was found. Based on this finding, possible mechanisms of DMSO cryoprotection are discussed with support brought by results for the studied model system. Quantification of the ice phase fraction in the frozen mixtures revealed that even low concentrations of DMSO can induce a considerable decrease in the amount of ice present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Klbik
- Institute of Physics SAS Dúbravská Cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovak Republic .,Department of Experimental Physics, FMFI UK Mlynská Dolina F1 842 48 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Čechová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, FMFI UK Mlynská Dolina F1 842 48 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Maťko
- Institute of Physics SAS Dúbravská Cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Lakota
- Faculty of Management, Comenius University Odbojárov 10 820 05 Bratislava Slovak Republic.,Center of Experimental Medicine SAS Dúbravská Cesta 9 841 04 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Institute of Physics SAS Dúbravská Cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovak Republic .,Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovak Republic
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Interaction of solute and water molecules in cryoprotectant mixture during vitrification and crystallization. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Raju R, Bryant SJ, Wilkinson BL, Bryant G. The need for novel cryoprotectants and cryopreservation protocols: Insights into the importance of biophysical investigation and cell permeability. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129749. [PMID: 32980500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation is a key method of preservation of biological material for both medical treatments and conservation of endangered species. In order to avoid cellular damage, cryopreservation relies on the addition of a suitable cryoprotective agent (CPA). However, the toxicity of CPAs is a serious concern and often requires rapid removal on thawing which is time consuming and expensive. SCOPE OF REVIEW The principles of Cryopreservation are reviewed and recent advances in cryopreservation methods and new CPAs are described. The importance of understanding key biophysical properties to assess the cryoprotective potential of new non-toxic compounds is discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Knowing the biophysical properties of a particular cell type is crucial for developing new cryopreservation protocols. Similarly, understanding how potential CPAs interact with cells is key for optimising protocols. For example, cells with a large osmotically inactive volume may require slower addition of CPAs. Similarly, a cell with low permeability may require a longer incubation time with the CPA to allow adequate penetration. Measuring these properties allows efficient optimisation of cryopreservation protocols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the interplay between cells and biophysical properties is important not just for developing new, and better optimised, cryopreservation protocols, but also for broader research into topics such as dehydration and desiccation tolerance, chilling and heat stress, as well as membrane structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raju
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Brendan L Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Retrieval and cryopreservation of sperm in spermatophores from cadaveric Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Choi J, Bischof J. Thermal thresholds of cardiovascular HL-1 cell destruction by cryothermal exposure. Cryobiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lauterboeck L, Wolkers W, Glasmacher B. Cryobiological parameters of multipotent stromal cells obtained from different sources. Cryobiology 2017; 74:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Li L, Gao C, Zhao G, Shu Z, Cao Y, Gao D. Comparative Study on Two Different Methods for Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity of HeLa Cells During Freezing. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 14:491-498. [PMID: 27409583 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2015.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of hydraulic conductivity of the cell membrane is very important for optimizing the protocol of cryopreservation and cryosurgery. There are two different methods using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure the freezing response of cells and tissues. Devireddy et al. presented the slow-fast-slow (SFS) cooling method, in which the difference of the heat release during the freezing process between the osmotically active and inactive cells is used to obtain the cell membrane hydraulic conductivity and activation energy. Luo et al. simplified the procedure and introduced the single-slow (SS) cooling protocol, which requires only one cooling process although different cytocrits are required for the determination of the membrane transport properties. To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of comparison of experimental processes and requirements for experimental conditions between these two methods. This study made a systematic comparison between these two methods from the aforementioned aspects in detail. METHODS The SFS and SS cooling methods mentioned earlier were utilized to obtain the reference hydraulic conductivity (Lpg) and activation energy (ELp) of HeLa cells by fitting the model to DSC data. RESULTS With the SFS method, it was determined that Lpg = 0.10 μm/(min·atm) and ELp = 22.9 kcal/mol; whereas the results obtained by the SS cooling method showed that Lpg = 0.10 μm/(min·atm) and ELp = 23.6 kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the values of the water transport parameters measured by two methods were comparable. In other words, the two parameters can be obtained by comparing the heat releases between two slow cooling processes of the same sample according to the SFS method. However, the SS method required analyzing heat releases of samples with different cytocrits. Thus, more experimental time was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- 1 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cai Gao
- 1 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- 2 Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China .,3 Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiquan Shu
- 4 School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Everett, Washington
| | - Yunxia Cao
- 3 Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei, Anhui, China .,5 Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Dayong Gao
- 3 Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei, Anhui, China .,6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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Obruca S, Sedlacek P, Krzyzanek V, Mravec F, Hrubanova K, Samek O, Kucera D, Benesova P, Marova I. Accumulation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Helps Bacterial Cells to Survive Freezing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157778. [PMID: 27315285 PMCID: PMC4912086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) seems to be a common metabolic strategy adopted by many bacteria to cope with cold environments. This work aimed at evaluating and understanding the cryoprotective effect of PHB. At first a monomer of PHB, 3-hydroxybutyrate, was identified as a potent cryoprotectant capable of protecting model enzyme (lipase), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacterial cells (Cupriavidus necator) against the adverse effects of freezing-thawing cycles. Further, the viability of the frozen-thawed PHB accumulating strain of C. necator was compared to that of the PHB non-accumulating mutant. The presence of PHB granules in cells was revealed to be a significant advantage during freezing. This might be attributed to the higher intracellular level of 3-hydroxybutyrate in PHB accumulating cells (due to the action of parallel PHB synthesis and degradation, the so-called PHB cycle), but the cryoprotective effect of PHB granules seems to be more complex. Since intracellular PHB granules retain highly flexible properties even at extremely low temperatures (observed by cryo-SEM), it can be expected that PHB granules protect cells against injury from extracellular ice. Finally, thermal analysis indicates that PHB-containing cells exhibit a higher rate of transmembrane water transport, which protects cells against the formation of intracellular ice which usually has fatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Obruca
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedlacek
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Vvi, Kralovopolska 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mravec
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Hrubanova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Vvi, Kralovopolska 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Vvi, Kralovopolska 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Kucera
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Benesova
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Marova
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Amstislavsky SY, Brusentsev EY, Okotrub KA, Rozhkova IN. Embryo and gamete cryopreservation for genetic resources conservation of laboratory animals. Russ J Dev Biol 2015; 46:47-59. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360415020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
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