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Gălăţanu ML, Panţuroiu M, Cima LM, Neculai AM, Pănuş E, Bleotu C, Enescu CM, Mircioiu I, Gavriloaia RM, Aurică SN, Rîmbu MC, Colette Sandulovici R. Polyphenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxic Effect of Male Floral Buds from Three Populus Species Growing in the South of Romania. Molecules 2025; 30:913. [PMID: 40005225 PMCID: PMC11857894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Three poplar species widely distributed in southern Romania were investigated for their chemical composition and bioactivity. Male buds from black poplar (Populus nigra L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), and Euroamerican hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier.) were analyzed using HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, and spectrophotometric assays. The analysis revealed predominantly polyphenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, secondary metabolites recognized for their antioxidant properties, particularly valuable in alleviating oxidative stress disorders. Heavy metal content was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH and FRAP assays alongside a cytotoxicity evaluation. Polyphenolic content ranged from 19.26 to 33.37 mg GAE/g DW and flavonoid content from 2.15 to 4.45 mg RE/g DW. All three species demonstrated notable antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic activity. Hydroethanolic extracts of P. nigra and P. euramericana showed higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extracts, with P. nigra achieving the lowest IC50 value overall, highlighting the influence of solvent choice on antioxidant efficacy. Furthermore, poplar hydroethanolic extracts exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against fibroblast-like human osteosarcoma MG63 cell lines, with IC50 values of 42.55 µg/mL for P. nigra, 40.87 µg/mL for P. × euramericana, and 132.49 µg/mL for P. alba, underscoring significant interspecies variability in cytotoxic potency. These findings suggest that male floral buds from Romanian poplar species may serve as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Luciana Gălăţanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Mariana Panţuroiu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Luiza Mădălina Cima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Ana Maria Neculai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Universitatii Street, No. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (A.M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Emilia Pănuş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Universitatii Street, No. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (A.M.N.); (E.P.)
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Public Health Constanta, 900587 Constanța, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania;
- The Research Institute, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Life, Medical and Agricultural Sciences, Biological Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Mihai Enescu
- Department of Soil Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăști Boulevard, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ion Mircioiu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Roxana Măriuca Gavriloaia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Aurică
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Mirela Claudia Rîmbu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Roxana Colette Sandulovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Sincai Boulevard, No. 16, 040314 Bucharest, Romania; (M.L.G.); (L.M.C.); (I.M.); (R.M.G.); (S.N.A.); (M.C.R.); (R.C.S.)
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