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Joshi A, Ghosh A, Ramachandran V, Kuriakose M, Prabhash K, Kumar P. Precision Medicine and Clinical Trials in Advanced and Metastatic Oral Cancer. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:772-782. [PMID: 39118916 PMCID: PMC11303629 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-024-02254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oral cancer is a significant global health concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in regions with prevalent tobacco usage such as Asia. Majority of oral cancers are detected at an advanced stage resulting in poor survival outcomes. Moreover, the treatment modalities of oral cancers have remained constant with surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy being mainstays of the treatment. This review provides a significant progress made in understanding the molecular landscape of oral cancers and the evolution of therapeutic strategies toward precision medicine. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather recent studies on the molecular landscape of oral cancers, genomic insights, and clinical trials. Results Firstly, genomic insights into oral cancers, including key driver mutations and copy number alterations, are discussed in the context of personalized medicine approaches. Subsequently, advancements in therapeutic strategies, particularly focusing on clinical trials investigating immunotherapy and targeted agents, are highlighted. Conclusion Despite promising results, challenges persist in identifying reliable biomarkers for treatment response and resistance. Continued research efforts are warranted to validate biomarkers and optimize therapeutic interventions, with the goal of enhancing patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Joshi
- Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd, 21st Floor, Rupa Renaissance, D33, Turbhe MIDC Road, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400705 India
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400086 India
| | - Abantika Ghosh
- Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd, 21st Floor, Rupa Renaissance, D33, Turbhe MIDC Road, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400705 India
| | - Venkataramanan Ramachandran
- Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd, 21st Floor, Rupa Renaissance, D33, Turbhe MIDC Road, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400705 India
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400086 India
- Center of Excellence for Cancer – Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Moni Kuriakose
- Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd, 21st Floor, Rupa Renaissance, D33, Turbhe MIDC Road, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400705 India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094 India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd, 21st Floor, Rupa Renaissance, D33, Turbhe MIDC Road, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400705 India
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400086 India
- Center of Excellence for Cancer – Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
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da Silva Santos ME, de Carvalho Abreu AK, Martins da Silva FW, Barros Ferreira E, Diniz Dos Reis PE, do Amaral Rabello Ramos D. KMT2 (MLL) family of methyltransferases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Head Neck 2024; 46:417-434. [PMID: 38102754 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of the KMT2 methyltransferase family in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains elusive. METHOD This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, employing a search strategy in the LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS A total of 33 studies involving 4294 individuals with HNSCC were included in this review. The most important alteration was the high mutational frequency in the KMT2C and KMT2D genes, with reported co-occurrence. The expression of the KMT2D gene exhibited considerable heterogeneity across the studies, while limited data was available for the remaining genes. CONCLUSIONS KMT2C and KMT2D genes seem to have tumor suppressor activities, with involvement of cell cycle inhibitors, regulating different pathways that can lead to tumor progression, disease aggressiveness, and DNA damage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elaine Barros Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research on Clinical Practice in Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula Elaine Diniz Dos Reis
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Applied Research on Clinical Practice in Oncology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Saito Y, Kage H, Kobayashi K, Yoshida M, Fukuoka O, Yamamura K, Mukai T, Oda K, Yamasoba T. TERT promoter mutation positive oral cavity carcinomas, a clinically and genetically distinct subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2023; 45:3107-3118. [PMID: 37815002 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The importance of TERT promoter (pTERT) mutation of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) with clinical features and genetic alterations are not well recognized. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed genetic data from multiple databases, including 260 cases from the C-CAT database, 407 cases from the MSK-MetTropism database, and 40 OCSCC datasets from in-house clinical samples. RESULTS From C-CAT database, TP53 (66%), CDKN2A (51%), and pTERT (29%) were the most frequent mutations observed. pTERT mutations were more prevalent in OCSCC (63%), younger individuals, and women (46%), with lower rates of alcohol abuse and smoking and co-mutated with TP53, HRAS, and CASP8. MSK-MetTroposim data validated with the enrichment of pTERT mutations in OCSCC, among women and Asian individuals. In-house datasets OCSCC with pTERT mutation (50%) characterized by fewer recurrent neck metastases. CONCLUSION The study suggests that OCSCC with pTERT mutation represents a distinct subgroup with unique clinical and genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuoka
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamura
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mukai
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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