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Chater CCC. A tail of two horses? Guard cell abscisic acid and carbon dioxide signalling in the Equisetum ferns. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38453694 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar C C Chater
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis, Soil, School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Meigas E, Uusküla B, Merilo E. Abscisic acid induces stomatal closure in horsetails. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38263706 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Egon Meigas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Benelote Uusküla
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Wuyun T, Niinemets Ü, Hõrak H. Species-specific stomatal ABA responses in juvenile ferns grown from spores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1722-1728. [PMID: 37635267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tana Wuyun
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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4
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Tulva I, Välbe M, Merilo E. Plants lacking OST1 show conditional stomatal closure and wildtype-like growth sensitivity at high VPD. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14030. [PMID: 37882302 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-associated rise in VPD (atmospheric vapor pressure deficit) results in increased plant transpiration and reduced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, biomass, and yield. High VPD-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis is an active process regulated via the kinase SnRK2.6 (OPEN STOMATA 1, OST1). Here, we performed gas exchange, leaf water potential and rosette growth measurements to study, whether (1) high VPD-induced stomatal closure is detected in plants carrying loss-of-function mutations in OST1 (ost1-3) when they are grown at reduced soil water content or measured at increased air temperature; (2) ost1-3 plants expressing OST1 construct with no ABA-activation domain, but intact ABA-independent activation, show stronger stomatal VPD response compared with ost1-3 plants; and (3) rosette area and biomass of ost1-3 are more affected by growth at high VPD compared with Col-0. The stomata of well-watered ost1-3 plants were insensitive to high VPD regardless of air temperature, but in deficit-irrigated ost1-3, leaf water potential decreased the most and stomata closed at high VPD. Differences between VPD-induced stomatal closures of ost1-3 plants and ost1-3 plants expressing OST1 with no ABA-activation domain point at gradual VPD-induced ABA-independent activation of OST1. High VPD conditions led to similar reductions in rosette area and specific leaf area of well-watered Col-0 and ost1-3 plants. Rosette dry mass was unaffected by high VPD. Our results show that OST1 loss-of-function plants display conditional stomatal closure and no extra sensitivity of rosette area growth compared with Col-0 wildtype under high VPD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Tulva
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Välbe
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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5
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John SP, Svihla ZT, Hasenstein KH. Changes in endogenous abscisic acid and stomata of the resurrection fern, Pleopeltis polypodioides, in response to de- and rehydration. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16152. [PMID: 36896495 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE While angiosperms respond uniformly to abscisic acid (ABA) by stomatal closure, the response of ferns to ABA is ambiguous. We evaluated the effect of endogenous ABA, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), and Ca2+ , low and high light intensities, and blue light (BL) on stomatal opening of Pleopeltis polypodioides. METHODS Endogenous ABA was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; microscopy results and stomatal responses to light and chemical treatments were analyzed with Image J. RESULTS The ABA content increases during initial dehydration, peaks at 15 h and then decreases to one fourth of the ABA content of hydrated fronds. Following rehydration, ABA content increases within 24 h to the level of hydrated tissue. The stomatal aperture opens under BL and remains open even in the presence of ABA. Closure was strongly affected by BL, NO, and Ca2+ , regardless of ABA, H2 O2 effect was weak. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in the ABA content during extended dehydration and insensitivity of the stomata to ABA suggests that the drought tolerance mechanism of Pleopeltis polypodioides is independent of ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P John
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Zachary T Svihla
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Karl H Hasenstein
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
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6
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Bowles AMC, Paps J, Bechtold U. Water-related innovations in land plants evolved by different patterns of gene cooption and novelty. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:732-742. [PMID: 35048381 PMCID: PMC9303528 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The origin of land plants and their descendants was marked by the evolution of key adaptations to life in terrestrial environments such as roots, vascular tissue and stomata. Though these innovations are well characterized, the evolution of the genetic toolkit underlying their development and function is poorly understood. We analysed molecular data from 532 species to investigate the evolutionary origin and diversification of genes involved in the development and regulation of these adaptations. We show that novel genes in the first land plants led to the single origin of stomata, but the stomatal closure of seed plants resulted from later gene expansions. By contrast, the major mechanism leading to the origin of vascular tissue was cooption of genes that emerged in the first land plants, enabling continuous water transport throughout the ancestral vascular plant. In turn, new key genes in the ancestors of plants with true leaves and seed plants led to the emergence of roots and lateral roots. The analysis highlights the different modes of evolution that enabled plants to conquer land, suggesting that gene expansion and cooption are the most common mechanisms of biological innovation in plant evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. C. Bowles
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO4 3SQUK
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolUniversity RoadBristolBS8 1RLUK
| | - Jordi Paps
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO4 3SQUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO4 3SQUK
- Present address:
Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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Clark JW, Harris BJ, Hetherington AJ, Hurtado-Castano N, Brench RA, Casson S, Williams TA, Gray JE, Hetherington AM. The origin and evolution of stomata. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R539-R553. [PMID: 35671732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of stomata is one of the key innovations that led to the colonisation of the terrestrial environment by the earliest land plants. However, our understanding of the origin, evolution and the ancestral function of stomata is incomplete. Phylogenomic analyses indicate that, firstly, stomata are ancient structures, present in the common ancestor of land plants, prior to the divergence of bryophytes and tracheophytes and, secondly, there has been reductive stomatal evolution, especially in the bryophytes (with complete loss in the liverworts). From a review of the evidence, we conclude that the capacity of stomata to open and close in response to signals such as ABA, CO2 and light (hydroactive movement) is an ancestral state, is present in all lineages and likely predates the divergence of the bryophytes and tracheophytes. We reject the hypothesis that hydroactive movement was acquired with the emergence of the gymnosperms. We also conclude that the role of stomata in the earliest land plants was to optimise carbon gain per unit water loss. There remain many other unanswered questions concerning the evolution and especially the origin of stomata. To address these questions, it will be necessary to: find more fossils representing the earliest land plants, revisit the existing early land plant fossil record in the light of novel phylogenomic hypotheses and carry out more functional studies that include both tracheophytes and bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Brogan J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Alexander J Hetherington
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Natalia Hurtado-Castano
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert A Brench
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Ma Y, Hu L, Wu Y, Tang Z, Xiao X, Lyu J, Xie J, Yu J. Green Light Partial Replacement of Red and Blue Light Improved Drought Tolerance by Regulating Water Use Efficiency in Cucumber Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878932. [PMID: 35712603 PMCID: PMC9194611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental signals in plant growth, development, and stress response. Green light has been proved to enhance plant defense against biotic and/or abiotic stress. To illustrate the effects of green light partially replaced red light and blue light on the plant under drought condition, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xinchun No. 4) seedlings were treated with short-term drought stress and were concomitantly exposed to four treatments, which were set up by adjusting the relative amount of green light as 0 (RB), 25 (RBG25), 50 (RBG50), and 75 (RBG75) μmol m-2 s-1, respectively, with a total photosynthetic photon flux density of 250 μmol m-2 s-1 and a fixed red-to-blue ratio of 4:1. The results showed that compared with RB, RBG50 significantly increased shoot fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), root DW, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) by 10.61, 7.69, 66.13, 6.22, 10.02, 4.10, and 12.41%, respectively. Also, the addition of green light significantly increased the root volume and root tip number. Moreover, green light partial replacement of red light and blue light increased total water content, especially free water content, improved leaf water status, and alleviated water loss in plants caused by drought stress. Also, the addition of green light increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), reduced both stomata conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E), enhanced the intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous water-use efficiency (iWUE) of leaves, and increased the content of chlorophylls a and b. Green light substituting a proportion of blue and red light regulated stomatal aperture by significantly increasing abscisic acid (ABA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. In addition, the increase of GABA was resulted from the upregulation of Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (CsGAD2). However, the relative electrolytic leakage and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion ( O 2 - ), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vigorously decreased as the intensity of green light was added to the spectrum under drought. Conclusively, green light partially replaced red light and blue light and improved drought tolerance of cucumber seedlings by upregulating the expression of CsGAD2 gene and promoting the synthesis of GABA. The increase in GABA content further downregulated the expression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 (CsALMT9) gene, induced stomata to close, improved water utilization, and alleviated damage caused by drought. This study highlights a role of green light in plant physiological processes. Moreover, analyzing the function of green light on improving drought tolerance of plants could open alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Basic Experiment Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Lima VF, Freire FBS, de Souza LP, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Metabolism-mediated mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:296-311. [PMID: 34800300 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent results suggest that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure mechanisms are important to regulate differentially the stomatal speediness between ferns and angiosperms. However, evidence directly linking mesophyll metabolism and the slower stomatal conductance (gs ) in ferns is missing. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose and mannitol on stomatal kinetics and carried out a metabolic fingerprinting analysis of ferns and angiosperms leaves harvested throughout a diel course. Fern stomata did not respond to ABA in the time period analysed. No differences in the relative decrease in gs was observed between ferns and the angiosperm following provision of sucrose or mannitol. However, ferns have slower gs responses to these compounds than angiosperms. Metabolomics analysis highlights that ferns have a higher accumulation of secondary rather than primary metabolites throughout the diel course, with the opposite being observed in angiosperms. Our results indicate that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms, in which the slower stomatal closure in ferns is associated with the lack of ABA-responsiveness, to a reduced capacity to respond to mesophyll-derived sucrose and to a higher carbon allocation toward secondary metabolism, which likely modulates both photosynthesis-gs and growth-stress tolerance trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Valéria F Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Francisco B S Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Leonardo P de Souza
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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Liu Y, Cheng H, Cheng P, Wang C, Li J, Liu Y, Song A, Chen S, Chen F, Wang L, Jiang J. The BBX gene CmBBX22 negatively regulates drought stress tolerance in chrysanthemum. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac181. [PMID: 36338842 PMCID: PMC9630972 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BBX transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although BBX proteins have been studied in great detail in the model plant Arabidopsis, their roles in crop plants such as chrysanthemum are still largely uninvestigated. Here, we cloned CmBBX22 and further determined the function of CmBBX22 in response to drought treatment. Subcellular localization and transactivation assay analyses revealed that CmBBX22 was localized in the nucleus and possessed transactivation activity. Overexpression of CmBBX22 in chrysanthemum was found to reduce plant drought tolerance, whereas expression of the chimeric repressor CmBBX22-SRDX was found to promote a higher drought tolerance than that shown by wild-type plants, indicating that CmBBX22 negatively regulates drought tolerance in chrysanthemum. Transcriptome analysis and physiological measurements indicated the potential involvement of the CmBBX22-mediated ABA response, stomatal conductance, and antioxidant responses in the negative regulation of drought tolerance in chrysanthemum. Based on the findings of this study, we were thus able to establish the mechanisms whereby the transcriptional activator CmBBX22 negatively regulates drought tolerance in chrysanthemum via the regulation of the abscisic acid response, stomatal conductance, and antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peilei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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