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PORNSUKAROM S, SUDJAIDEE P, RATIPUNYAPORNKUM N, TUNGJITPEANPONG T, CHETTANAWANIT A, AMORNTEPARAK C, SANANMUANG T. Analysis of occurrence and risk factors associated with pet rabbits' tumors in Central Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1341-1347. [PMID: 37926514 PMCID: PMC10788174 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit oncology is gaining more attention as more pet rabbits are surviving beyond their normal lifespans. Due to the limited epidemiological information on pet rabbits' tumors in Thailand, this study aimed to report the prevalence and the potential risk factors associated with tumors in pet rabbits in Thailand. From 2018 to 2022, 93 tissue biopsies from tumor-suspected lesions on pet rabbits were gathered from animal hospitals in Bangkok and Chonburi provinces, Thailand. According to histopathology confirmation, tumors and tumor-like lesions were diagnosed. In this study, the overall tumors were 67.74% (n=63) out of the submitted cases (n=93). The most commonly affected organ systems were reproduction (65.08%) and integumentary (22.22%). Rabbits older than 5 years were 3.85 times more likely to have reproductive tumors than younger rabbits (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-10.27, P≤0.01), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was uterine adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, male rabbits had a 17.02 times higher probability of developing cutaneous tumors than female rabbits (95% CI: 4.19-69.11, P≤0.001), and the most frequently occurring tumor type was soft tissue sarcoma. The results of this study thus suggested that the age and sex of the rabbits were potential risk factors for tumor development in Thailand. The knowledge gained from our study also provided the recommendation for owners to monitor their rabbits' health annually, particularly after late middle age, and rendered guidance for tumor detection in practical clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchawan PORNSUKAROM
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Pansawut SUDJAIDEE
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Thanida SANANMUANG
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of
Technology Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, Thailand
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Wilkinson SL. Urine Output Monitoring and Acute Kidney Injury in Non-mammalian Exotic Animal Critical Care. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:673-710. [PMID: 37516459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden, severe decrease in kidney function which can occur in any species. There are various causes of AKI, some of which are seen in domestic species and some that are unique to birds, reptiles, and amphibians. These species present unique challenges with AKI management, such as differences in anatomy and physiology, intravenous and urinary catheterization, repeated blood sampling, and their tendency to present in advanced states of illness. This article will discuss AKI, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for non-mammalian exotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Leonatti Wilkinson
- Avian and Exotic Animal Hospital of Georgia, 118 Pipemakers Circle Suite 110, Pooler, GA 31322, USA.
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Lamalle A, Haverson VA, Hughes K. Renal pathology in wild European rabbits. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e2948. [PMID: 37095703 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relative paucity of data examining the prevalence of renal pathology in wild rabbits. METHODS Sixty-two wild rabbits that had been shot for population control in Cambridgeshire, UK, underwent postmortem examination, including macroscopic and microscopic renal assessment. RESULTS The majority (82%) of the animals had macroscopically and microscopically normal kidneys. One animal (1.6%) had severe perirenal abscessation. Pasteurella spp. was isolated from this lesion. Ten rabbits (16%) had microscopic renal pathology comprising minimal to mild renal inflammation or fibrosis. No Encephalitozoon cuniculi organisms were detected histologically. LIMITATIONS The sample population was composed of shot rabbits, so the probability of detecting moribund individuals was reduced. Extrapolation of these data to the wider UK wild rabbit population may be limited as rabbits were shot at two sites within a 3 km radius of each other. CONCLUSION Renal pathology is rare in the population examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lamalle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Mildmay Veterinary Hospital, Winchester, UK
| | | | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wilkinson SL. Urine Output Monitoring and Acute Kidney Injury in Mammalian Exotic Animal Critical Care. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023:S1094-9194(23)00023-3. [PMID: 37302935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden, severe decrease in kidney function which can occur in any species. There are various causes of AKI, some of which are seen in domestic species and some that are unique to exotics. Exotic animals present unique challenges with AKI management such as differences in anatomy and physiology, intravenous and urinary catheterization, repeated blood sampling, and their tendency to present in advanced states of illness. This article will discuss AKI, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for exotic companion mammals. The following article will discuss the same in non-mammalian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Leonatti Wilkinson
- Avian and Exotic Animal Hospital of Georgia, 118 Pipemakers Circle Suite 110, Pooler, GA 31322, USA.
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Azevedo S, O’Malley B, Greene C, Moran H, Magalhães TR, Queiroga FL. Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Guinea Pigs: A 14-Year Retrospective Study (2004-2018). Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010112. [PMID: 36611721 PMCID: PMC9817880 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical records of all guinea pigs diagnosed with a lower urinary tract disease in a single veterinary hospital, over a period of 14 years (2004−2018), were retrospectively searched in order to characterize this population and investigate the potential association between the epidemiological and clinical variables. A total of 117 clinical cases were identified, corresponding to 57 animals. Urolithiasis was the most common diagnosis (n = 52; 44.4%), followed by cystitis and/or a urinary tract infection (UTI). Several statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between different variables, showing that female guinea pigs were more likely than the male ones to have a previous family history of urinary disease, to present dysuria and stranguria at admission, and to suffer recurrence. Moreover, males were more prone to urolithiasis and females to cystitis/UTI, and animals diagnosed with cystitis/UTI frequently had more clinical urinary signs and abdominal pain on palpation compared to those diagnosed with urolithiasis. Finally, the use of potassium citrate and the urethrotomy approach were associated with a better therapeutic response. Further studies are needed in larger populations of guinea pigs to confirm the present findings, especially as some of them were described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Azevedo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bairbre O’Malley
- Bairbre O’Malley Veterinary Hospital, 7 Kilmantain Place, A98 NY03 Bray, Ireland
| | - Claire Greene
- Bairbre O’Malley Veterinary Hospital, 7 Kilmantain Place, A98 NY03 Bray, Ireland
| | - Helena Moran
- Bairbre O’Malley Veterinary Hospital, 7 Kilmantain Place, A98 NY03 Bray, Ireland
| | - Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina Luísa Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Baldrey V, Hedley J, Davidson G, Skarbek A, Martineau H. Persistent urachal remnant in a 3‐year‐old guinea pig. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vekšins A, Makarovs A, Sandersen C, Voiko L. Extramural ectopic ureter diagnosed by computed tomography in a domestic ferret. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armands Vekšins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Jelgava Latvia
| | - Aleksandrs Makarovs
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Jelgava Latvia
| | | | - Laura Voiko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Jelgava Latvia
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Kohutova S, Jekl V. Urolithiasis in a captive Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1604-1607. [PMID: 34483186 PMCID: PMC8569880 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical case describes struvite urolithiasis in a pet chipmunk. Physical
examination revealed the presence of two ovoid palpable masses in the caudal part of the
abdomen, which were later confirmed by radiography as urinary bladder stone. The animal
underwent ventral midline laparotomy and uroliths were successfully removed. Uroliths
analysis revealed the presence of struvite and bacteriology showed the presence of
Proteus mirabilis. Little is known about aetiology and incidence of
urolithiasis in chipmunks. Client education about husbandry, dietary needs, and animal
behaviour is necessary, especially when dealing with less commonly kept exotic companion
mammals. This is the first report of struvite urolithiasis in a pet chipmunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kohutova
- Kleintierpraxis Vetstation AG, Mitteldorfstrasse 76 St., 5033 Buchs, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Jekl
- Jekl & Hauptman Veterinary Clinic, Mojmirovo namesti 3105/6a, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Bulliot C, Flenghi L, Levrier C. Phimosis and paraphimosis in two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Poulios E, Vasios GK, Psara E, Giaginis C. Medicinal plants consumption against urinary tract infections: a narrative review of the current evidence. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:519-528. [PMID: 33016791 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1828061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usual diseases caused by different strains of microorganisms. Many antibiotics have been applied for the treatment of these infections. However, the development of multidrug-resistant strains is a major problem in these treatments. As alternative complementary agents, several medicinal plants are often used to prevent and/or treat these diseases. AREAS COVERED This review summarized the current evidence about the efficacy of medicinal plants' consumption to prevent and/or co-treat UTIs. The most precise scientific databases, e.g. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched, using relative keywords to identify the relative in vivo and ex vivo animal and human studies. EXPERT OPINION Current studies supported evidence for potential benefit overall concerning medicinal plants' consumption against UTIs by preventing bacterial adherence and inhibiting inflammation cascades through responding immunologically to bacteria invasion. However, most of the current evidence have been focused on in vivo and ex vivo animal studies, while human studies are currently limited and did not focus on a specific medicinal plant. Thus, well-designed clinical trials for long study periods focused on individual medicinal plants are intensely recommended to delineate their effectiveness on the prevention and/or co-treatment of UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Georgios K Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Lemnos, Greece
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Abstract
The review covers select disease conditions most frequently described in aging rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs), rabbits, and ferrets. The conditions are categorized by general organ systems, infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Two data systems, the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Comparative Pathology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis and Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, California were used in the determining disease conditions to describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drury R Reavill
- ZNLabs Veterinary Diagnostics, 7647 Wachtel Way, Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA.
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, 1000 Old Davis Road, Building R1, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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