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Brantberg I, Grooten WJA, Essner A. The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise on Body Weight Distribution, Balance, and Stifle Function in Dogs following Stifle Injury. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:92. [PMID: 38200827 PMCID: PMC10778569 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stifle injury is common in the companion dog population, affecting weight bearing, neuromuscular control, and balance. Therapeutic exercises after stifle injury seem to be effective, but high-quality research evaluating the effects is lacking. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a 12-week progressive therapeutic home exercise protocol on three-legged standing, targeting balance and postural- and neuromuscular control and disability in dogs with stifle injury. Thirty-three dogs with stifle injury were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 18) and control groups (n = 15), both receiving a standard rehabilitation protocol. Additionally, the intervention group received a progressive therapeutic exercise protocol. The outcome measures were static body weight distribution between hindlimbs, balance control, the canine brief pain inventory, and the Finnish canine stifle index. Both groups improved after the intervention period, but the group using the progressive therapeutic exercise protocol improved to a greater extent regarding static body weight distribution between the hindlimbs (I: median = 2.5%, IQR = 1.0-4.5; C: median = 5.5%, IQR = 3.0-8.8), pain-related functional disability (I: median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0-0.2; C: median = 0.9, IQR = 0.1-1.8), and stifle function (I: median = 25.0, IQR = 9.4-40.6; C: median = 75.0, IQR = 31.3-87.5), with intermediate to strong effects. These clinically relevant results indicate that this home exercise program can improve hindlimb function and restore neuromuscular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Brantberg
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, Wirral, UK
- Djursjukhuset Malmö, IVC Evidensia, Cypressvägen 11, SE-213 63 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Women’s Health and Allied Health Professionals’ Theme, Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna N1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Essner
- Djurkliniken Gefle, IVC Evidensia, Norra Gatan 1, SE-803 21 Gävle, Sweden;
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Koh RB, Rychel J, Fry L. Physical Rehabilitation in Zoological Companion Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:281-308. [PMID: 36402487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Animal physical rehabilitation is one of the fast-growing fields in veterinary medicine in recent years. It has become increasingly common in small animal practice and will continue to emerge as an essential aspect of veterinary medicine that plays a vital role in the care of animals with physical impairments or disabilities from surgery, injuries, or diseases.1 This is true now more than ever because of the increasing advances in lifesaving treatments, the increased lifespan of companion animals, and the growth of chronic conditions, of which many are associated with movement disorders. The American Association of Rehabilitation Veterinarians (AARV) defines APR as "the diagnosis and management of patients with painful or functionally limiting conditions, particularly those with injury or illness related to the neurologic and musculoskeletal systems." Rehabilitation not only focuses on recovery after surgical procedures but also on improving the function and quality of life in animals suffering from debilitating diseases such as arthritis or neurologic disorders. The overall goal of APR is to decrease pain, reduce edema, promote tissue healing, restore gait and mobility to its prior activity level, regain strength, prevent further injury, and promote optimal quality of life. Typically, a multimodal approach with pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions is used by APR therapists to manage patients during their recovery. The purpose of this article aims to provide knowledge and guidance on physical rehabilitation to help veterinarians in the proper return of their patients with ZCA safely after injury and/or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Koh
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Garrod Road, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jessica Rychel
- Red Sage Integrative Veterinary Partners, 1027 West Horsetooth, Suite 101, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Lindsey Fry
- Red Sage Integrative Veterinary Partners, 1027 West Horsetooth, Suite 101, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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McLean H, Millis D, Levine D. Surface Electromyography of the Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, and Gluteus Medius in Dogs During Stance, Walking, Trotting, and Selected Therapeutic Exercises. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:211. [PMID: 31355214 PMCID: PMC6636385 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study reported here was to evaluate the muscle activity patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus medius (GM) during stance, walking, trotting, and selected therapeutic exercises in clinically sound, healthy dogs. Our hypothesis was that the muscle activity during all exercises would differ from muscle activity at the stance. Methods: Surface electromyography of the selected muscles was performed during stance, walking, trotting, elevation of forelimbs on a platform, elevation of forelimbs on a platform with hindlimbs on an inflatable balance device, stepping up onto and over an obstacle, standing on a wobble board, dancing backwards, and wearing a leg weight at the walk and the trot. The maximal and mean muscle amplitude (μV) reflecting activity during several motion cycles were compared among the exercises. Results: Mean EMG amplitude of the BF was significantly higher in all exercises (p < 0.05) in comparison to stance. Mean EMG amplitude of the VL was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during walking, trotting, dancing backwards, stepping up and over an obstacle, and at a trot with a leg weight as compared to stance. Mean EMG amplitude of the GM was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during trotting, at a walk and a trot with a leg weight, standing on a wobble board, stepping up and over an obstacle, and dancing backwards when compared to stance. Of the studied exercises, dancing backwards increased the mean EMG amplitude of the BF and GM to the largest degree. Stepping up and over an obstacle increased the mean EMG amplitude of the VL to the largest degree. Conclusion: Compared to stance, the majority of therapeutic exercises examined increased muscle activity to varying degrees in the BF, VL, and GM. Our results may help clinicians to choose specific exercises to target specific muscles during conditioning, strengthening and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah McLean
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Darryl Millis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David Levine
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
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Andrades A, Aiello G, Colvero A, Ferrarin D, Schneider L, Ripplinger A, Schwab M, Mazzanti A. Modalidades fisioterapêuticas na reabilitação de cães com doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar submetidos à cirurgia descompressiva: 30 casos (2008-2016). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Este estudo retrospectivo teve como objetivo demonstrar as modalidades fisioterapêuticas empregadas no tratamento de cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar após descompressão cirúrgica da medula espinhal, bem como relatar os fatores que determinaram as alterações das modalidades. Foram incluídos 30 cães que apresentavam sinais neurológicos desde paraparesia ambulatória a paraplegia com dor profunda na primeira sessão de fisioterapia. As modalidades utilizadas nos protocolos de todos os pacientes foram a crioterapia, massagem, alongamento passivo, movimentação passiva articular, estímulo do reflexo flexor e estimulação elétrica neuromuscular. A inclusão ou exclusão de exercícios terapêuticos, como a tipoia corporal, a plataforma proprioceptiva circular, a natação, a hidroesteira, os obstáculos e a caminhada em colchão, foi de acordo com a evolução clínica e a adaptação de cada paciente. Oitenta por cento (80%) dos cães alteraram o grau de disfunção neurológica antes de iniciar a fisioterapia e 93% retornaram à habilidade de caminhar (paraparesia ambulatória) ao final da fisioterapia. O número de sessões e o tempo de recuperação foram maiores quanto pior foi o grau de lesão do paciente.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Aiello
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Memon MA, Shmalberg J, Adair HS, Allweiler S, Bryan JN, Cantwell S, Carr E, Chrisman C, Egger CM, Greene S, Haussler KK, Hershey B, Holyoak GR, Johnson M, Jeune SL, Looney A, McConnico RS, Medina C, Morton AJ, Munsterman A, Nie GJ, Park N, Parsons-Doherty M, Perdrizet JA, Peyton JL, Raditic D, Ramirez HP, Saik J, Robertson S, Sleeper M, Dyke JV, Wakshlag J. Integrative veterinary medical education and consensus guidelines for an integrative veterinary medicine curriculum within veterinary colleges. Open Vet J 2016; 6:44-56. [PMID: 27200270 PMCID: PMC4824037 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative veterinary medicine (IVM) describes the combination of complementary and
alternative therapies with conventional care and is guided by the best available
evidence. Veterinarians frequently encounter questions about complementary and
alternative veterinary medicine (CAVM) in practice, and the general public has
demonstrated increased interest in these areas for both human and animal health.
Consequently, veterinary students should receive adequate exposure to the principles,
theories, and current knowledge supporting or refuting such techniques. A proposed
curriculum guideline would broadly introduce students to the objective evaluation of
new veterinary treatments while increasing their preparation for responding to
questions about IVM in clinical practice. Such a course should be evidence-based,
unbiased, and unaffiliated with any particular CAVM advocacy or training group. All
IVM courses require routine updating as new information becomes available.
Controversies regarding IVM and CAVM must be addressed within the course and
throughout the entire curriculum. Instructional honesty regarding the uncertainties
in this emerging field is critical. Increased training of future veterinary
professionals in IVM may produce an openness to new ideas that characterizes the
scientific method and a willingness to pursue and incorporate evidence-based medicine
in clinical practice with all therapies, including those presently regarded as
integrative, complementary, or alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Memon
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - J Shmalberg
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Shmalberg, Chrisman, Johnson, Sleeper), Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Morton), and Biomedical Sciences (Ramirez), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H S Adair
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Egger) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Adair), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - S Allweiler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Cantwell
- Medicine Wheel Veterinary Services, Ocala, FL, USA
| | - E Carr
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Robertson) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Carr), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Chrisman
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Shmalberg, Chrisman, Johnson, Sleeper), Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Morton), and Biomedical Sciences (Ramirez), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C M Egger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Egger) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Adair), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - S Greene
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - K K Haussler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - B Hershey
- Integrative Veterinary Oncology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - G R Holyoak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M Johnson
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Shmalberg, Chrisman, Johnson, Sleeper), Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Morton), and Biomedical Sciences (Ramirez), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Le Jeune
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Peyton) and Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Le Jeune), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - R S McConnico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C Medina
- Coral Springs Animal Hospital, Coral Springs, FL, USA
| | - A J Morton
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Shmalberg, Chrisman, Johnson, Sleeper), Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Morton), and Biomedical Sciences (Ramirez), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Munsterman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - G J Nie
- Angel Animal Hospital, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - N Park
- Integrative Ophthalmology for Pets, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J L Peyton
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Peyton) and Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Le Jeune), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - H P Ramirez
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Shmalberg, Chrisman, Johnson, Sleeper), Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Morton), and Biomedical Sciences (Ramirez), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Saik
- Winterville Animal Clinic, Winterville, GA, USA
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Robertson) and Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Carr), College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M Sleeper
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Shmalberg, Chrisman, Johnson, Sleeper), Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Morton), and Biomedical Sciences (Ramirez), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Van Dyke
- Canine Rehabilitation Institute, Wellington, FL, USA
| | - J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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