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Patil JD, Fredericks S. The role of adipokines in osteoporosis management: a mini review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336543. [PMID: 38516409 PMCID: PMC10956128 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis has been on the rise globally. With ageing populations, research has sought therapeutic solutions in novel areas. One such area is that of the adipokines. Current literature points to an important role for these chemical mediators in relation to bone metabolism. Well-established adipokines have been broadly reported upon. These include adiponectin and leptin. However, other novel adipokines such as visfatin, nesfatin-1, meteorin-like protein (Metrnl), apelin and lipocalin-2 are starting to be addressed pre-clinically and clinically. Adipokines hold pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties that influence the pathophysiology of various bone diseases. Omentin-1 and vaspin, two novel adipokines, share cardioprotective effects and play essential roles in bone metabolism. Studies have reported bone-protective effects of omentin-1, whilst others report negative associations between omentin-1 and bone mineral density. Lipocalin-2 is linked to poor bone microarchitecture in mice and is even suggested to mediate osteoporosis development from prolonged disuse. Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic adipokine, has been known to preserve bone density. Animal studies have demonstrated that nesfatin-1 treatment limits bone loss and increases bone strength, suggesting exogenous use as a potential treatment for osteopenic disorders. Pre-clinical studies have shown adipokine apelin to have a role in bone metabolism, mediated by the enhancement of osteoblast genesis and the inhibition of programmed cell death. Although many investigations have reported conflicting findings, sufficient literature supports the notion that adipokines have a significant influence on the metabolism of bone. This review aims at highlighting the role of novel adipokines in osteoporosis while also discussing their potential for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Fredericks
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland – Medical University of Bahrain, Al Sayh, Bahrain
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Khaliq S, Lone KP. Serum Resistin Levels and Related Genetic Variants Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:868120. [PMID: 35992125 PMCID: PMC9389046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder and a number of genetic variants or loci responsible for bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified. Resistin, a novel adipokine has diverse role in human body including its function in bone remodeling. The objective of this study was to see the association of serum resistin levels and related genetic variants (rs3931020, rs13144478) with BMD in postmenopausal females. METHODS This comparative analytical study was conducted on postmenopausal osteoporotic (n=101), osteopenic (n=77) and non-osteoporotic (n=74) females. For comparison and correlational analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's rho correlation were used respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated by using Chi-square test (χ2). RESULTS There was significant difference in the serum levels of resistin (p <0.001), among the three groups. Significant negative correlation of resistin was observed with BMD at various sites. Serum resistin levels were significantly low in the rs3931020 AA homozygous genotype (p = 0.010), and significantly high in the rs13144478 AT heterozygous genotype (p = 0.020), BMD at all sites except left femoral neck was significantly high in rs3931020 AA genotype, while BMD at lumbar spine, left hip and total BMD were significantly low in the rs13144478 TT homozygotes. CONCLUSION High serum resistin levels are associated with low BMD and single nucleotide variation in rs3931020 and rs13144478 may lead to high serum resistin levels and low bone mineral density. Resistin can serve as a new genetic marker, potential therapeutic target and predictor of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Tariq
- Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saba Tariq, ; Sundus Tariq,
| | - Saba Tariq
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saba Tariq, ; Sundus Tariq,
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Parvez Lone
- Physiology/Metabolic Disorders, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Khaliq S, Lone KP. Serum resistin levels as predictor of low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Health Care Women Int 2020; 42:82-91. [PMID: 32744891 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1798965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resistin, a novel adipokine may play an important role in bone metabolism. The study is designed to discover the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with serum resistin levels, anthropometric measures and to elucidate serum resistin as a predictor of BMD in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women (n = 160) were recruited and divided into two groups, non-osteoporotic (n = 70) and osteoporotic (n = 90). BMD was evaluated by DXA scan. High serum resistin levels and low weight are independent contributors to low BMD and can influence BMD at lumbar spine, right femoral neck, right hip, left femoral neck, and left hip in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Tariq
- Department of Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Tariq
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Parvez Lone
- Physiology and Metabolic disorders, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Khaliq S, Baig M, Murad MA, Lone KP. Association Between Vitamin D and Resistin in Postmenopausal Females With Altered Bone Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:615440. [PMID: 33519717 PMCID: PMC7844394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.615440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin is a relatively novel adipokine that has a role in bone remodeling and may regulate bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D and adipokines have a dynamic role in the body's various metabolic processes, including bone metabolism, and may alter bone metabolism in relation to each other. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and serum resistin levels in postmenopausal non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic females. METHODS This correlational analytical study was conducted on 161 postmenopausal females, divided into two groups, non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic, between 50-70 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Serum resistin and vitamin D levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase with spectrophotometry. A correlation was checked using spearman's rho correlation coefficient, and multivariate stepwise regression analysis was used to predict serum resistin levels. RESULTS Postmenopausal females (n=161) having sufficient, insufficient and deficient levels of vitamin D were 87 (54.0%), 64 (39.8%), and 10 (6.2%), respectively. Lumbar spine BMD (p < 0.001), total hip BMD (p < 0.001), and serum resistin levels (p < 0.001) were significantly different between the two groups. There was a significant negative correlation between serum resistin and vitamin D in postmenopausal females (rho = -0.182, p = 0.021) and osteoporotic group (rho = -0.253, p = 0.019) but non-significant in non-osteoporotic group (rho = -0.077, p = 0.509). Serum vitamin D was found to be independent predictor of serum resistin levels, accounting for only 3% variance. CONCLUSION Serum vitamin D levels were low while serum resistin levels were high in postmenopausal osteoporotic females and vitamin D is a negative predictor of serum resistin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Tariq
- Department of Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sundus Tariq,
| | - Saba Tariq
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abdulaziz Murad
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Parvez Lone
- Department Physiology and Cell Biology/Metabolic Disorders, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Acquarone E, Monacelli F, Borghi R, Nencioni A, Odetti P. Resistin: A reappraisal. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G. Physical Activity and Bone Health: What Is the Role of Immune System? A Narrative Review of the Third Way. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30792697 PMCID: PMC6374307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue can be seen as a physiological hub of several stimuli of different origin (e.g., dietary, endocrine, nervous, immune, skeletal muscle traction, biomechanical load). Their integration, at the bone level, results in: (i) changes in mineral and protein composition and microarchitecture and, consequently, in shape and strength; (ii) modulation of calcium and phosphorous release into the bloodstream, (iii) expression and release of hormones and mediators able to communicate the current bone status to the rest of the body. Different stimuli are able to act on either one or, as usual, more levels. Physical activity is the key stimulus for bone metabolism acting in two ways: through the biomechanical load which resolves into a direct stimulation of the segment(s) involved and through an indirect load mediated by muscle traction onto the bone, which is the main physiological stimulus for bone formation, and the endocrine stimulation which causes homeostatic adaptation. The third way, in which physical activity is able to modify bone functions, passes through the immune system. It is known that immune function is modulated by physical activity; however, two recent insights have shed new light on this modulation. The first relies on the discovery of inflammasomes, receptors/sensors of the innate immunity that regulate caspase-1 activation and are, hence, the tissue triggers of inflammation in response to infections and/or stressors. The second relies on the ability of certain tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, to synthesize and secrete mediators (namely, myokines and adipokines) able to affect, profoundly, the immune function. Physical activity is known to act on both these mechanisms and, hence, its effects on bone are also mediated by the immune system activation. Indeed, that immune system and bone are tightly connected and inflammation is pivotal in determining the bone metabolic status is well-known. The aim of this narrative review is to give a complete view of the exercise-dependent immune system-mediated effects on bone metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Bilha SC, Branisteanu D, Buzduga C, Constantinescu D, Cianga P, Anisie E, Gavrilovici C, Covic A, Ungureanu MC. Modifications in the spectrum of bone mass predictive factors with menopausal status. Endocr Res 2018. [PMID: 29528762 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1448991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fat mass (FM) is a source of adipocytokines, with both positive and negative bone consequences. We aimed to investigate the role of body composition and adipokines as predictive factors for bone mass in women. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study included 93 women (38 premenopausal and 55 postmenopausal). Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and also of the phosphocalcic markers parathormone and vitamin D were measured. RESULTS Only lean mass (LM) was an independent predictor of BMD in premenopausal women (r2 = 0.381, p < 0.001 for femoral neck BMD, r2 = 0.2, p < 0.01 for whole-body BMD) in both unadjusted and age-adjusted models. The effect of total FM upon BMD became nonsignificant when LM was added to the models assessed. In postmenopausal women, although LM, trunk-to-leg fat ratio, and resistin were initially associated with BMD in unadjusted models, only the trunk-to-leg fat ratio independently predicted BMD at various sites (r2 = 0.171, p < 0.01 for lumbar BMD, r2 = 0.078, p < 0.05 for radius BMD, r2 = 0.094, p < 0.05 for whole-body BMD) after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS While in premenopausal women the effect of LM upon bone is prevalent, after menopause, the fat distribution reflected by trunk-to-leg fat ratio is a major determinant of bone mass at different sites. Our study also stresses that the relationship between total FM and BMD is not mediated by adipokines in women irrespective of menopausal status and body composition, but it is largely mediated by LM only in young premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Catalina Bilha
- a Endocrinology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
- d Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Centre, "C.I. Parhon" University Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Dumitru Branisteanu
- a Endocrinology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Catalin Buzduga
- a Endocrinology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Daniela Constantinescu
- b Immunology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Petru Cianga
- b Immunology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Ecaterina Anisie
- b Immunology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Cristina Gavrilovici
- c Centre for Ethics and Health Policy , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- d Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Centre, "C.I. Parhon" University Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
| | - Maria Christina Ungureanu
- a Endocrinology Department, "St. Spiridon" Hospital , "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Iasi , Romania
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Lombardi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Perego S, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism. Endocrine 2016; 54:284-305. [PMID: 26718191 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth cause of death (5.5 % worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved quality of life and decreased risk of several diseases (i.e., stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, malignancies). Bone turnover is profoundly affected from PA both directly (load degree is the key determinant for BMD) and indirectly through the activation of several endocrine axes. Several molecules, secreted by muscle (myokines) and adipose tissues (adipokines) in response to exercise, are involved in the fine regulation of bone metabolism in response to the energy availability. Furthermore, bone regulates energy metabolism by communicating its energetic needs thanks to osteocalcin which acts on pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism depends on the intermittent exposure to myokines (i.e., irisin, IL-6, LIF, IGF-I) which, instead, act as inflammatory/pro-resorptive mediators when chronically elevated; on the other hand, the reduction in the circulating levels of adipokines (i.e., leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin) sustains these effects as well as improves the whole-body metabolic status. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest findings about the exercise-dependent regulation of these molecules and their role in the fine regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Albadah MS, Dekhil H, Shaik SA, Alsaif MA, Shogair M, Nawaz S, Alfadda AA. Effect of weight loss on serum osteocalcin and its association with serum adipokines. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:508532. [PMID: 25784935 PMCID: PMC4345075 DOI: 10.1155/2015/508532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, is related to body metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Whether this relation is mediated through an interaction with adipokines remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of weight loss on serum osteocalcin and its relation with three adipokines, adiponectin, chemerin, and resistin. Forty-nine obese nondiabetic males completed a four-month dietary program. Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly from 39.7 ± 7.6 to 37.8 ± 7.6 (P < 0.001). This was associated with significant reduction in waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total and LDL-cholesterol, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and resistin (P < 0.05). There was significant increase in serum adiponectin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC) (P < 0.001). The changes in uOC levels were negatively correlated with changes in serum triglycerides (r = -0.51, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with changes in BAP (r = 0.52, P < 0.001). In contrast, the changes in uOC were not correlated with changes in BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total and LDL-cholesterol, hsCRP, vitamin D, and circulating adipokines. We concluded that the increase in serum uOC following weight loss is not related to the changes in circulating adipokines levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Albadah
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805 (104), Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Dekhil
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaffi Ahamed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alsaif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shogair
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- *Assim A. Alfadda:
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Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) but the pathogenetic mechanism of bone loss in IBD is only partially understood. There is evidence that fat mass is an important determinant of the bone mineral density and adipose-derived factors seem to play an important role for the association between fat mass and bone mass. The association between adiposity and low bone density is rather poorly studied in IBD, but emerging data on adipokines in IBD in relation to osteoporosis provide a novel pathophysiological concept that may shed light on the etiology of bone loss in IBD. It could be suggested that adipokines interfere in bone metabolism by altering the sensitive balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts although further studies in this setting are needed.
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Scotece M, Conde J, Abella V, López V, Pino J, Lago F, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Bone metabolism and adipokines: are there perspectives for bone diseases drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:945-57. [PMID: 24857197 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.922539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 20 years, the idea that white adipose tissue (WAT) is simply an energy depot organ has been radically changed. Indeed, present understanding suggests WAT to be an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting a wide variety of proteins termed adipokines. These adipokines appear to be relevant factors involved in a number of different functions, including metabolism, immune response, inflammation and bone metabolism. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focus on the effects of several adipose tissue-derived factors in bone pathophysiology. They also consider how the modification of the adipokine network could potentially lead to promising treatment options for bone diseases. EXPERT OPINION There are currently substantial developments being made in the understanding of the interplay between bone metabolism and the metabolic system. These insights could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies and interventions with the aim of successful outcomes in many people affected by bone disorders. Specifically, future research should look into the intimate mechanisms regulating peripheral and central activity of adipokines as it has potential for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Scotece
- Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, Division of Rheumatology, Research Laboratory 9 , Santiago de Compostela, 15706 , Spain
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Adipokines as drug targets in joint and bone disease. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:241-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Briana DD, Boutsikou M, Boutsikou T, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Relationships between maternal novel adipocytokines and bone biomarkers in complicated by gestational hypertensive disorders and normal pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1219-22. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.775420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Cotter AG, Mallon PWG. The Crosstalk Between Bone and Fat in HIV-Infected Patients, with a Focus on Lipodystrophy. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-012-9135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fisher A, Srikusalanukul W, Davis M, Smith P. Interactions between Serum Adipokines and Osteocalcin in Older Patients with Hip Fracture. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:684323. [PMID: 22518129 PMCID: PMC3296446 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Experiments on genetically modified animals have discovered a complex cross-regulation between adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) and osteocalcin. The relationships between these molecules in human osteoporosis are still unclear. We evaluated the hypothesis of a bidirectional link between adipokines and osteocalcin. Materials and Methods. In a cross-sectional study of 294 older patients with osteoporotic hip fracture, we estimated serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, osteocalcin, parameters of mineral metabolism, and renal function. Results. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, serum osteocalcin concentration was inversely associated with resistin and positively with leptin, leptin/resistin ratio, and adiponectin/resistin ratio. In multivariate regression models, osteocalcin was an independent predictor of serum leptin, resistin, leptin/resistin, and adiponectin/resistin ratios. Conclusions. Our data support the bidirectional regulation between osteocalcin and adipokines, but contrary to the genetically modified animal models, in older subjects with osteoporotic hip fracture, serum osteocalcin is positively associated with leptin and inversely with resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, P.O. Box 11, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School Canberra, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- *Alexander Fisher:
| | - Wichat Srikusalanukul
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, P.O. Box 11, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School Canberra, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Michael Davis
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, P.O. Box 11, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School Canberra, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Paul Smith
- Australian National University Medical School Canberra, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, P.O. Box 11, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia
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