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Yu JH, Choi MY, Park SJ, Geum NG, Lee JW, Park GH, Eo HJ, Jeong JB. Solanum nigrum induces macrophage activation through TLR4-mediated activation of JNK and macrophage autophagy through TLR4-mediated activation of p38 and JNK. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyung Yu
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Gyeong Geum
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Special Forest Resources Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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Yu JH, Choi MY, Park SJ, Geum NG, Lee JW, Park GH, Jeong JB. Immunostimulatory activity of Hovenia dulcis branches extracts through TLR4/JNK-dependent macrophage activation and TLR4-dependent macrophage autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1753-1760. [PMID: 36312992 PMCID: PMC9596622 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis, one of the traditional medicinal plants, is currently being used as a functional ingredient for the development of health functional foods that protects the liver from alcohol damage in Korea. A variety of pharmacological effects of Hovenia dulcis have been reported so far, but studies on immune-enhancing activity are insufficient. Thus, in this study, we report that Hovenia dulcis branches (HDB) induce the activation of macrophages. HDB increased the production of immunostimulatory factors and phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. TLR4 inhibition blocked HDB-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors. In addition, the JNK inhibition reduced the HDB-mediated production of immunostimulatory factors, and the HDB-mediated JNK activation was blocked by the TLR4 inhibition. HDB increased the level of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1. TLR4 inhibition blocked HDB-mediated increase in the level of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1. These findings indicate that HDB may induce TLR4/JNK-dependent macrophage activation and TLR4-dependent macrophage autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyung Yu
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729 Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729 Republic of Korea
| | - Na Gyeong Geum
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729 Republic of Korea
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729 Republic of Korea
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Monmai C, Kim JS, Baek SH. Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194143. [PMID: 36235795 PMCID: PMC9573073 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a native active triterpenoid present in Panax ginseng, has been reported to exert immune-related effects. We previously created PPD-producing transgenic rice by introducing the P. ginseng protopanaxadiol synthase and dammarenediol-II synthase genes into Dongjin rice. In the present study, the seeds of the T4 generation of this transgenic rice were tested for their immunomodulatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Treatment with transgenic rice seed extract in RAW264.7 cells (i) significantly enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity (up to 100 µg/mL), (ii) upregulated the expression of immune-related genes and increased production of the inflammation mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and (iii) activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by promoting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells used to mimic the inflammation condition, treatment with transgenic rice seed extract significantly reduced NO production, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and PGE2 production, all of which are LPS-induced inflammation biomarkers, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and JNK. Collectively, these results indicate that PPD-producing transgenic rice has immunomodulatory effects.
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Liu J, Wang Y, Li B, Qi Y, Wei X, Liu H, Zhang B, Xiao P. The effective approach for the quality control of Codonopsis radix based on quality markers of immune activity. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1317-1325. [PMID: 35138677 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis radix is an important edible and medicinal plant resource for immunomodulation in China and Southeast Asia. However, the chemical quality evaluation of Codonopsis radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Version) is still lacking; therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective method to evaluate its quality accurately and systematically. Herein, a reliable method for a comprehensive chemical analysis of bioactive compounds in Codonopsis radix by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector was developed based on the quality marker (Q-marker) concept, which can efficiently reflect its immune activity. Our previous research explored the seven potential bioactive compounds reflecting the immune regulation activities of Codonopsis radix by spectrum-effect relationship analysis. Therefore, in this study, we researched on establishing a quality control method and selected the modern pharmacodynamic experiment of immune regulation to verify the potential bioactive compounds as quality markers. A real quality control method that reflected the traditional efficacy of Codonopsis radix in strengthening the spleen and tonifying lungs was developed. Furthermore, the Codonopsis radix extract and the seven bioactive compounds could promote the proliferation of immune-related cells and regulate the secretion of inflammatory factors, thus playing a role in immune regulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiushi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Geum NG, Yu JH, Yeo JH, Choi MY, Lee JW, Beak JK, Jeong JB. Immunostimulatory activity and anti-obesity activity of Hibiscus manihot leaves in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells and mouse adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Immunomodulatory effects of different molecular weight sporisorium reilianum polypeptides on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Duan Z, Liu M, Yuan L, Du X, Wu M, Yang Y, Wang L, Zhou K, Yang M, Zou Y, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Liu C. Innate lymphoid cells are double-edged swords under the mucosal barrier. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8579-8587. [PMID: 34378306 PMCID: PMC8435454 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the direct contacting site for pathogens and allergens, the mucosal barrier plays a vital role in the lungs and intestines. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are particularly resident in the mucosal barrier and participate in several pathophysiological processes, such as maintaining or disrupting barrier integrity, preventing various pathogenic invasions. In the pulmonary mucosae, ILCs sometimes aggravate inflammation and mucus hypersecretion but restore airway epithelial integrity and maintain lung tissue homeostasis at other times. In the intestinal mucosae, ILCs can increase epithelial permeability, leading to severe intestinal inflammation on the one hand, and assist mucosal barrier in resisting bacterial invasion on the other hand. In this review, we will illustrate the positive and negative roles of ILCs in mucosal barrier immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Duan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mandie Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xizi Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Infectious Diseases Research Center, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wen Y, Bi S, Hu X, Yang J, Li C, Li H, Yu DB, Zhu J, Song L, Yu R. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory mechanisms of two novel glucans from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:145-157. [PMID: 33878360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two novel glucans named MIPB50-W and MIPB50-S-1 were obtained from edible Morchella importuna with molecular weights (Mw) of 939.2 kDa and 444.5 kDa, respectively. MIPB50-W has a backbone of α-(1 → 4)-d-glucan, which was substituted at O-6 position by α-d-Glcp-(1→. Moreover, MIPB50-S-1 has a backbone of α-(1 → 4)-d-glucan, which was substituted at O-6 position by α-d-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. This is the first report about glucan found in Morchella mushrooms. Furthermore, MIPB50-W and MIPB50-S-1 strengthened the phagocytosis function and the promoted secretion of interleukins (IL)-6/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), which induced the activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 as well as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Interestingly, MIPB50-S-1 performed the better immunomodulatory activity than that of MIPB50-W in almost all tests. Therefore, MIPB50-W and MIPB50-S-1 are potential immune-enhancing components of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wen
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sixue Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dong Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Care, ThedaCare Regional Medical Center, Appleton, WI, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Um Y, Eo HJ, Kim HJ, Kim K, Jeon KS, Jeong JB. Wild simulated ginseng activates mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells through TRL2/4-dependent activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113218. [PMID: 32755650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a very well-known traditional herbal medicine that has long been used to enhance the body's immunity. Because it is a type of ginseng, it is believed that wild simulated ginseng (WSG) also has immune-enhancing activity. However, study on the immune-enhancing activity of WSG is quite insufficient compared to ginseng. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we evaluated immune-enhancing activity of WSG through macrophage activation to provide a scientific basis for the immune enhancing activity of WSG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of WSG on viability of RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The NO level was measured by Griess reagent. The expression levels of mRNA or protein in WSG-treated RAW264.7 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS WSG increased the production of immunomodulators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and activated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4 reduced the production of immunomodulators induced by WSG. WSG activated MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and inhibition of such signaling activation blocked WSG-mediated production of immunomodulators. In addition, activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by WSG was reversed by TLR2 or TLR4 inhibition. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, WSG is thought to activate macrophages through the production of immunomodulators and phagocytosis activation through TLR2/4-dependent MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, it is thought that WSG have the potential to be used as an agent for enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurry Um
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwon Seok Jeon
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea.
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Bao Z, Yao L, Zhang X, Lin S. Isolation, purification, characterization, and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula on RAW264.7 macrophages. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13516. [PMID: 33051900 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) was isolated by hot-water extraction and purified to evaluate its structural and immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. The results show that three kinds of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (c-AAP) were obtained and named as AAP-I, AAP-II, and AAP-III Their further purification found that AAP-I and AAP-II were glycoproteins, and only AAP-III was a pure polysaccharide, which we named AAP for further experiments. Structural characteristics revealed that AAP was a homogeneous galactan comprising mannose, rhamnose, gluconic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 5.02:0.9:0.12:4.48:0.37:1.0:0.36, and the average molecular weight is approximately 23.51 kDa. Methylation analysis revealed that AAP mainly consisted of 1,4-linked-Glcp, 1,4,6-linked-Glcp, terminal Glcp, 1,4-linked-Manp, 1,2,6-linked-Manp, and terminal Arap. Furthermore, the in vitro immunomodulatory activities of AAP were evaluated by cell proliferation, NO production, and phagocytic ability using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results show that AAP not only promoted the activation of macrophages but also provided a scientific basis for the further use of AAP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Three water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from Auricularia auricula of Changbai Mountain, two of which contained binding proteins. Determination of molecular weight, structure, and immunoreactivity of pure polysaccharide components. The result clearly demonstrated the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Liqun Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
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Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying the development of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mostly unknown. Here we show that TGF-β signaling programs the development of ILC2s from their progenitors. Specifically, the deficiency of TGF-β receptor II in bone marrow progenitors results in inefficient development of ILC2s, but not ILC1s or ILC3s. Mechanistically, TGF-β signaling is required for the generation and maintenance of ILC2 progenitors (ILC2p). In addition, TGF-β upregulates the expression of the IL-33 receptor gene Il1rl1 (encoding IL-1 receptor-like 1, also known as ST2) in ILC2p and common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors (CHILP), at least partially through the MEK-dependent pathway. These findings identify a function of TGF-β in the development of ILC2s from their progenitors. TGF-β is thought to be important for group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) function. Here the authors show that TGF-β drives expression of ST2 specifically in ILC2 progenitors and thereby is also important for the development of ILC2s in the bone marrow.
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12
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Zhang M, Zhao M, Qing Y, Luo Y, Xia G, Li Y. Study on immunostimulatory activity and extraction process optimization of polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:677-684. [PMID: 31730975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The process of extracting polysaccharides from the green algae Caulerpa lentillifera was studied by single factor experiments and response surface methodology. Additionally, the immunostimulatory activity of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides (CLP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage was evaluated by in vitro cell experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonification for 30 min, extraction time of 9 h, extraction temperature of 100 °C, and a ratio of water to raw material of 40:1. RAW264.7 macrophage exhibited enhanced phagocytosis with no toxic effects after treatment with CLP. In addition, CLP effectively increased the synthesis and secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO), whereby the secretion levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were 1,840.32 ± 21.03 pg/mL (50 μg/mL), 197.17 ± 3.13 ng/mL (50 μg/mL), and 1,178.35 ± 78.82 pg/mL (25 μg/mL), respectively. The polysaccharides contained in Caulerpa lentillifera have potential value for further development due to their immunological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Meihui Zhao
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yudie Qing
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Yongcheng Li
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
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Popescu M, Cabrera-Martinez B, Winslow GM. TNF-α Contributes to Lymphoid Tissue Disorganization and Germinal Center B Cell Suppression during Intracellular Bacterial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2415-2424. [PMID: 31570507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections are well-known causes of lymphoid tissue disorganization, although the factors, both host and/or pathogen derived, that mediate these changes are largely unknown. Ehrlichia muris infection in mice causes a loss of germinal center (GC) B cells that is accompanied by the generation of extrafollicular T-bet+ CD11c+ plasmablasts and IgM memory B cells. We addressed a possible role for TNF-α in this process because this cytokine has been shown to regulate GC development. Ablation of TNF-α during infection resulted in an 8-fold expansion of GL7+ CD38lo CD95+ GC B cells, and a 2.5- and 5-fold expansion of CD138+ plasmablasts and T-bet+ memory cells, respectively. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in splenomegaly, more organized T and B cell zones, and an improved response to Ag challenge. CXCL13, the ligand for CXCR5, was detected at 6-fold higher levels following infection but was much reduced following TNF-α ablation, suggesting that CXCL13 dysregulation also contributes to loss of lymphoid tissue organization. T follicular helper cells, which also underwent expansion in infected TNF-α--deficient mice, may also have contributed to the expansion of T-bet+ B cells, as the latter are known to require T cell help. Our findings contrast with previously described roles for TNF-α in GCs and reveal how host-pathogen interactions can induce profound changes in cytokine and chemokine production that can alter lymphoid tissue organization, GC B cell development, and extrafollicular T-bet+ B cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Popescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Berenice Cabrera-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Gary M Winslow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210
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Cheng XD, Wu QX, Zhao J, Su T, Lu YM, Zhang WN, Wang Y, Chen Y. Immunomodulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction on RAW 264.7 macrophages extracted from the wild Lactarius deliciosus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:732-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Sensing of physiological regulators by innate lymphoid cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:442-451. [PMID: 30842626 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis and immune protection rely on the coordinated action of different physiological systems. Bidirectional communication between the immune system and physiological systems is required to sense and restore any disruption of equilibrium. Recent transcriptomic analyses of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) from different tissues have revealed that ILCs express a large array of receptors involved in the recognition of neuropeptides, hormones and metabolic signals. ILCs rapidly secrete effector cytokines that are central in the development and activation of early immune responses, but they also constitutively secrete mediators that are important for tissue homeostasis. To achieve these functions effectively, ILCs integrate intrinsic and extrinsic signals that modulate their constitutive and induced activity. Disruption of the regulation of ILCs by physiological regulators leads to altered immune responses with harmful consequences for the organism. An understanding of these complex interactions between the immune system and physiological mediators is crucial to decipher the events leading to the protective versus pathological effects of these cells.
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16
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Das A, Harly C, Yang Q, Bhandoola A. Lineage specification in innate lymphocytes. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 42:20-26. [PMID: 29373198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack specific antigen receptors but possess similar effector functions as T cells. Concordantly, ILCs express many transcription factors known to be important for T cell effector function. ILCs develop from lymphoid progenitors in fetal liver and adult bone marrow. However, the identification of ILC progenitor (ILCP) and other precursors in peripheral tissues raises the question of whether ILC development might occur at extramedullary sites. We discuss central and local generation in maintaining ILC abundance at peripheral sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhoti Das
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Almeida FF, Belz GT. Innate lymphoid cells: models of plasticity for immune homeostasis and rapid responsiveness in protection. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1103-12. [PMID: 27484190 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have stormed onto the immune landscape as "newly discovered" cell types. These tissue-resident sentinels are enriched at mucosal surfaces and engage in complex cross talk with elements of the adaptive immune system and microenvironment to orchestrate immune homeostasis. Many parallels exist between innate cells and T cells leading to the initial partitioning of ILCs into rather rigid subsets that reflect their "adaptive-like" effector cytokines profiles. ILCs themselves, however, have unique attributes that are only just beginning to be elucidated. These features result in complementarity with, rather than complete duplication of, functions of the adaptive immune system. Key transcription factors determine the pathway of differentiation of progenitors towards an ILC1, ILC2, or ILC3 subset. Once formed, flexibility in the responses of these subsets to stimuli unexpectedly allows transdifferentation between the different subsets and the acquisition of altered phenotypes and function. This provides a mechanism for rapid innate immune responsiveness. Here, we discuss the models of differentiation for maintenance and activation of tissue-resident ILCs in maintaining immune homeostasis and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Almeida
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Fischer S, Diers S, Bauerfeind R, Czerny CP, Neumann S. Dynamics of salivary immunoglobulin A and serum interleukin 6 levels in newborn calves. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Chea S, Schmutz S, Berthault C, Perchet T, Petit M, Burlen-Defranoux O, Goldrath A, Rodewald HR, Cumano A, Golub R. Single-Cell Gene Expression Analyses Reveal Heterogeneous Responsiveness of Fetal Innate Lymphoid Progenitors to Notch Signaling. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1500-1516. [PMID: 26832410 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) share some aspects of their developmental programs. However, although Notch signaling is strictly required for T cell development, it is dispensable for fetal ILC development. Constitutive activation of Notch signaling, at the common lymphoid progenitor stage, drives T cell development and abrogates ILC development by preventing Id2 expression. By combining single-cell transcriptomics and clonal culture strategies, we characterize two heterogeneous α4β7-expressing lymphoid progenitor compartments. αLP1 (Flt3(+)) still retains T cell potential and comprises the global ILC progenitor, while αLP2 (Flt3(-)) consists of ILC precursors that are primed toward the different ILC lineages. Only a subset of αLP2 precursors is sensitive to Notch signaling required for their proliferation. Our study identifies, in a refined manner, the diversity of transitional stages of ILC development, their transcriptional signatures, and their differential dependence on Notch signaling.
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20
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Madera-Sandoval RL, Reyes-Maldonado E, Dzul-Caamal R, Gallegos-Rangel E, Domínguez-López ML, García-Latorre E, Vega-López A. Fat-associated lymphoid cluster in Cyprinus carpio: Characterisation and its relation with peritoneal haemangiosarcoma. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:633-641. [PMID: 25804491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FALC cells are natural helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines, which express c-kit, Sca-1, IL7R and CD45 in mouse and human. These cells are involved in allergic responses and contribute to the inflammatory reactions of adipose tissue; however, a lack of information prevails about the presence of these cells in other species. The aim of the study was to identify and characterise FALC cells in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques as well as to explore their relationships with their microenvironment. Histological description of the FALC was performed using H&E and polyclonal antibodies were used against cell-surface markers such as c-kit, Sca-1 and CD45. Furthermore, gene expression of c-kit, Sca-1 and IL7R was assessed. C. carpio FALC cells express the same surface markers reported in FALC of the mouse at both the pre- and post-transcriptional level. By exposure to the soluble fraction of helminths, FALC cells produce abundant Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13) but do not synthesise IL-1α. Additionally, FALC cells probably participate in vascular remodelling of the intestine vessels, inducing tumours because a malignant haemangiosarcoma in the peritoneal cavity was found. In this tumour, abundant FALC with their characteristic cell-surface markers were detected. The findings of this study suggest the involvement of some proto-oncogenes such as c-kit and Sca-1, and the deregulation of Src kinases modulated by CD45 present in C. carpio FALC with the ontogeny of peritoneal haemangiosarcoma in this fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L Madera-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, D.F. CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Citología, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, D.F. CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Gallegos-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, D.F. CP 07738, Mexico
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Ethel García-Latorre
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, D.F. CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, D.F. CP 07738, Mexico.
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Trabanelli S, Curti A, Lecciso M, Salomé B, Riether C, Ochsenbein A, Romero P, Jandus C. CD127+ innate lymphoid cells are dysregulated in treatment naïve acute myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis. Haematologica 2015; 100:e257-60. [PMID: 25710455 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.119602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trabanelli
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lecciso
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Bérengère Salomé
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Numakawa T, Richards M, Nakajima S, Adachi N, Furuta M, Odaka H, Kunugi H. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in comorbid depression: possible linkage with steroid hormones, cytokines, and nutrition. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:136. [PMID: 25309465 PMCID: PMC4175905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates a connection between growth factor function (including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), glucocorticoid levels (one of the steroid hormones), and the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Because both BDNF and glucocorticoids regulate synaptic function in the central nervous system, their functional interaction is of major concern. Interestingly, alterations in levels of estrogen, another steroid hormone, may play a role in depressive-like behavior in postpartum females with fluctuations of BDNF-related molecules in the brain. BDNF and cytokines, which are protein regulators of inflammation, stimulate multiple intracellular signaling cascades involved in neuropsychiatric illness. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms, such as the increased risk observed in patients with cancer and/or autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible relationship between inflammation and depression, in addition to the cross-talk among cytokines, BDNF, and steroids. Further, since nutritional status has been shown to affect critical pathways involved in depression through both BDNF function and the monoamine system, we also review current evidence surrounding diet and supplementation (e.g., flavonoids) on BDNF-mediated brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Misty Richards
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Miyako Furuta
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Haruki Odaka
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
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