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Wang B, Li X, Gao X. Meteorin-β: A Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target on Its Way to the Regulation of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4485. [PMID: 40429631 PMCID: PMC12110803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The novel secreted protein Meteorin-β (Metrnβ) is a homologous protein of the neurotrophic regulator Meteorin, which is widely expressed in the skin, mucous membranes, and white adipose tissue upon stimulation by a variety of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, while, at the same time Metrnβ may also regulate the expression of these cytokines and chemokines. As a small secreted protein with low tissue specificity, Metrnβ plays vital roles in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity regulation, neurodevelopment, white fat browning, and inflammatory response. Specifically, Metrnβ may act as an adipokine, myokine, neurotrophic factor, and cytokine, thereby being involved in the pathological and physiological processes of various human diseases, including metabolic, autoimmune and infectious/allergic diseases, and certain types of tumors. This review aims to systematically introduce the current research progress on Metrnβ, including its expression and distribution profiles, biological functions, and immunomodulatory roles in the process of human diseases. Additionally, we also discuss its potential as a biomarker, as well as a therapeutic/preventive agent for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Alizadeh H, Parsaeifar A, Mohammadi Mirzaei R. Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl): a key exerkine in exercise-mediated cardiovascular health. Arch Physiol Biochem 2025:1-15. [PMID: 40289582 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2025.2497272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of mortality, necessitating non‑pharmacological interventions such as exercise. Meteorin‑like protein (Metrnl), an exercise‑induced myokine and adipokine, has emerged as a critical mediator of exercise‑mediated cardiovascular benefits, though its specific mechanisms and clinical implications remain underexplored. OBJECTIVE This review synthesizes current evidence on Metrnl's role as a key exerkine in cardiovascular health, focusing on its exercise‑induced regulatory mechanisms, tissue‑specific effects, and therapeutic potential for CVD management. METHODS A comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies was conducted, encompassing molecular, metabolic, and anti‑inflammatory pathways linked to Metrnl. Literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was systematically reviewed to evaluate Metrnl's role in exercise‑mediated cardiovascular adaptations. RESULTS Exercise‑induced Metrnl enhances endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and metabolic regulation via AMPK, PPARγ, and KIT receptor signaling. It promotes glucose/lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and anti‑inflammatory responses, reducing atherosclerotic risks and improving cardiac repair post‑infarction. Clinically, Metrnl levels correlate with CVD severity, acting as a biomarker for risk stratification. Acute exercise elevates Metrnl, while chronic training effects vary by modality and population. Paradoxically, elevated plasma Metrnl in acute cardiac events predicts adverse outcomes, whereas reduced levels in chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart failure) reflect metabolic dysregulation. DISCUSSION Metrnl bridges exercise benefits to cardiovascular health through inter‑organ crosstalk, yet discrepancies exist in its chronic exercise‑mediated regulation. Its dual role as a protective mediator and stress‑responsive biomarker underscores context‑dependent interpretations. Unresolved questions include receptor specificity, tissue autonomy, and therapeutic delivery strategies. CONCLUSION Metrnl is a pivotal exerkine with promising diagnostic and therapeutic potential for CVDs. Translating its exercise‑mediated benefits into clinical applications requires further human trials to validate mechanisms and optimize interventions. Harnessing Metrnl could revolutionize strategies for CVD prevention and rehabilitation, leveraging exercise's molecular advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Alizadeh
- Exercise Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Parsaeifar
- Exercise Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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Zhang Q, Zhao YX, Li LF, Fan QQ, Huang BB, Du HZ, Li C, Li W. Metabolism-Related Adipokines and Metabolic Diseases: Their Role in Osteoarthritis. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:1207-1233. [PMID: 39886385 PMCID: PMC11780177 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s499835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects several joints but tends to be more prevalent in those that are weight-bearing, such as the knees, which are the most heavily loaded joints in the body. The incidence and disability rates of OA have continued to increase and seriously jeopardise the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults. However, OA is more than just a wear and tear disease; its aetiology is complex, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a critical driver of OA development. This condition contributes to the formation of a distinct phenotype, termed metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis (MetS-OA),which differs from other metabolically related diseases by its unique pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentation. As key mediators of MetS, metabolic adipokines such as leptin, lipocalin, and resistin regulate inflammation and bone metabolism through distinct or synergistic signaling pathways. Their modulation of inflammatory responses and bone remodeling processes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of OA. Due to their central role in regulating inflammation and bone remodeling, metabolic adipokines not only deepen our understanding of MetS-OA pathogenesis but also represent promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies that could slow disease progression and improve clinical outcomes in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Xuan Zhao
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Fei Li
- Cerebrovascular Disease Ward, The First People’s Hospital of Ping Ding Shan, Pingdingshan, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Qian Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Bin Huang
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhen Du
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Shakeri M, Aminian A, Mokhtari K, Bahaeddini M, Tabrizian P, Farahani N, Nabavi N, Hashemi M. Unraveling the molecular landscape of osteoarthritis: A comprehensive review focused on the role of non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155446. [PMID: 39004001 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant global health challenge, with its prevalence anticipated to increase in the coming years. This review delves into the emerging molecular biomarkers in OA pathology, focusing on the roles of various molecules such as metabolites, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Advances in omics technologies have transformed biomarker identification, enabling comprehensive analyses of the complex pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. Notably, ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in OA, presenting promising opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. Additionally, the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and OA progression highlights the regulatory role of epigenetics in gene expression dynamics. Genome-wide association studies have pinpointed key genes undergoing epigenetic changes, providing insights into the inflammatory processes and chondrocyte hypertrophy typical of OA. Understanding the molecular landscape of OA, including biomarkers and epigenetic mechanisms, holds significant potential for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shakeri
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aminian
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bahaeddini
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu N, Dong J, Li L, Zhou D, Liu F. The Function and Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Factor Metrnl Prevents the Progression of Inflammatory-Mediated Pathological Bone Osteolytic Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1607-1619. [PMID: 38495340 PMCID: PMC10942011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s455790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metrnl, recently identified as an adipokine, is a secreted protein notably expressed in white adipose tissue, barrier tissues, and activated macrophages. This adipokine plays a pivotal role in counteracting obesity-induced insulin resistance. It enhances adipose tissue functionality by promoting adipocyte differentiation, activating metabolic pathways, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Extensive research has identified Metrnl as a key player in modulating inflammatory responses and as an integral regulator of muscle regeneration. These findings position Metrnl as a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in treating inflammation-associated pathologies. Despite this, the specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Metrnl in immune-mediated osteolysis and arthritis remain elusive, warranting further investigation. In this review, we will briefly elaborate on the role of Metrnl in anti-inflammation function in inflammation-related osteolysis, arthritis, and pathological bone resorption, which could facilitate Metrnl's clinical application as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent bone loss. While the pathogenesis of elbow stiffness remains elusive, current literature suggests that Metrnl likely exerts a pivotal role in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
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Jia S, Yu Z, Bai L. Exerkines and osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1302769. [PMID: 38107476 PMCID: PMC10722202 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1302769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease, with physical exercise being a widely endorsed strategy in its management guidelines. Exerkines, defined as cytokines secreted in response to acute and chronic exercise, function through endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine pathways. Various tissue-specific exerkines, encompassing exercise-induced myokines (muscle), cardiokines (heart), and adipokines (adipose tissue), have been linked to exercise therapy in OA. Exerkines are derived from these kines, but unlike them, only kines regulated by exercise can be called exerkines. Some of these exerkines serve a therapeutic role in OA, such as irisin, metrnl, lactate, secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP), neuregulin, and adiponectin. While others may exacerbate the condition, such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-33, myostatin, fractalkine, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), visfatin, activin A, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), apelin and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15. They exerts anti-/pro-apoptosis/pyroptosis/inflammation, chondrogenic differentiation and cell senescence effect in chondrocyte, synoviocyte and mesenchymal stem cell. The modulation of adipokine effects on diverse cell types within the intra-articular joint emerges as a promising avenue for future OA interventions. This paper reviews recent findings that underscore the significant role of tissue-specific exerkines in OA, delving into the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuo Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyao Yu
- Imaging Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sampath SJP, Venkatesan V, Ghosh S, Kotikalapudi N. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis-An Updated Review. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:308-331. [PMID: 37578613 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also called the 'deadly quartet' comprising obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has been ascertained to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This review is aimed at discussing the current knowledge on the contribution of metabolic syndrome and its various components to OA pathogenesis and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Lately, an increased association identified between the various components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) with OA has led to the identification of the 'metabolic phenotype' of OA. These metabolic perturbations alongside low-grade systemic inflammation have been identified to inflict detrimental effects upon multiple tissues of the joint including cartilage, bone, and synovium leading to complete joint failure in OA. Recent epidemiological and clinical findings affirm that adipokines significantly contribute to inflammation, tissue degradation, and OA pathogenesis mediated through multiple signaling pathways. OA is no longer perceived as just a 'wear and tear' disease and the involvement of the metabolic components in OA pathogenesis adds up to the complexity of the disease. Given the global surge in obesity and its allied metabolic perturbations, this review aims to throw light on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MetS-associated OA and the need to address MetS in the context of metabolic OA management. Better regulation of the constituent factors of MetS could be profitable in preventing MetS-associated OA. The identification of key roles for several metabolic regulators in OA pathogenesis has also opened up newer avenues in the recognition and development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| | | | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Sobieh BH, El-Mesallamy HO, Kassem DH. Beyond mechanical loading: The metabolic contribution of obesity in osteoarthritis unveils novel therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15700. [PMID: 37180899 PMCID: PMC10172930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent progressive disease that frequently coexists with obesity. For several decades, OA was thought to be the result of ageing and mechanical stress on cartilage. Researchers' perspective has been greatly transformed when cumulative findings emphasized the role of adipose tissue in the diseases. Nowadays, the metabolic effect of obesity on cartilage tissue has become an integral part of obesity research; hoping to discover a disease-modifying drug for OA. Recently, several adipokines have been reported to be associated with OA. Particularly, metrnl (meteorin-like) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) have been recognized as emerging adipokines that can mediate OA pathogenesis. Accordingly, in this review, we will summarize the latest findings concerned with the metabolic contribution of obesity in OA pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and adipokines. Additionally, we will discuss the most recent adipokines that have been reported to play a role in this context. Careful consideration of these molecular mechanisms interrelated with obesity and OA will undoubtedly unveil new avenues for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H. Sobieh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O. El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Sinai, Egypt
| | - Dina H. Kassem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Associate Professor of Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, street of African Union Organization, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lynskey SJ, Macaluso MJ, Gill SD, McGee SL, Page RS. Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review on Causal Links with Metabolic Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030730. [PMID: 36983885 PMCID: PMC10051744 DOI: 10.3390/life13030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of OA (OA) is multifactorial and is strongly associated with risk factors such as aging, trauma, metabolic disorders, and obesity. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)-associated OA, collectively coined MetS-OA, is an increasingly recognized entity in which metabolic disorders and low-grade inflammation play a key mechanistic role in the disruption of joint homeostasis and cartilage degradation. Although there have been enormous efforts to discover biomarkers of MetS and OA, studies investigating a pathophysiological link between MetS and OA are relatively limited, and no serum blood marker has proved diagnostic so far. OA biomarkers that are necessary to discriminate and diagnose early disease remain to be elicited, explained in part by limited prospective studies, and therefore limited tools available to utilize in any prognostic capacity. Biomarker validation projects have been established by the Biomarker Consortium to determine biochemical markers demonstrating predictive validity for knee OA. Given that the metabolic constituents of MetS are treatable to varying extents, it stands to reason that treating these, and monitoring such treatment, may help to mitigate deleterious links with OA development. This narrative review will describe the current state of biomarker identification and utility in OA associated with MetS. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease according to constituent pathologies of MetS and how identification of biomarkers may guide future investigation of novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel James Lynskey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Marc Julian Macaluso
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Gill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (BCORE), St. John of God Hospital, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Sean L. McGee
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Richard S. Page
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geelong University Hospital, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (BCORE), St. John of God Hospital, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Liu J, Jia S, Yang Y, Piao L, Wang Z, Jin Z, Bai L. Exercise induced meteorin-like protects chondrocytes against inflammation and pyroptosis in osteoarthritis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114118. [PMID: 36527845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of metrnl, a novel adipomyokine, is induced upon exercise in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic effects of exercise-induced metrnl producted in rats in vitro and in vivo. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: control (CG), osteoarthritis (OA) with sedentary lifestyle (OAG), OA with low intensity exercise (OAL), OA with moderate intensity exercise (OAM), and OA with high intensity exercise (OAH). The correlation between the level of metrnl and OA degree was detected using ELISA, X-ray imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Primary chondrocytes were preincubated with recombinant metrnl before interleukin-1β administration to verify the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic effects of metrnl. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR were used to evaluate the differences in protein and mRNA expression between groups, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were used to evaluate morphological changes and pyroptosis in chondrocytes. In the moderate-intensity treadmill exercise group, the severity of OA showed maximum relief and the metrnl levels had the most significant increase. Metrnl exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes, which was accompanied with the recovery of collagen II expression and the attenuation of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Moreover, metrnl ameliorated chondrocyte pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor protein-3/caspase-1/gasdermin D cascade. In conclusion, moderate-intensity exercise improves inflammation and pyroptosis by increasing metrnl release, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and further NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Shuangshuo Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Longhuan Piao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Li Z, Gao Z, Sun T, Zhang S, Yang S, Zheng M, Shen H. Meteorin-like/Metrnl, a novel secreted protein implicated in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098570. [PMID: 36911663 PMCID: PMC9998503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meteorin-like, also known as Metrnl, Meteorin-β, Subfatin, and Cometin, is a novel secreted protein exerting pleiotropic effects on inflammation, immunology, and metabolism. Earlier research on this hormone focused on regulating energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. Consequently, several studies attempted to characterize the molecule mechanism of Metrnl in glucose metabolism and obesity-related disorders but reported contradictory clinical results. Recent studies gradually noticed its multiple protective functions in inflammatory immune regulations and cardiometabolic diseases, such as inducing macrophage activation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, bone formation, and preventing dyslipidemias. A comprehensive understanding of this novel protein is essential to identify its significance as a potential therapeutic drug or a biomarker of certain diseases. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of Metrnl and its roles in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism, including animal/cell interventional preclinical studies and human clinical studies. We also describe controversies regarding the data of circulation Metrnl in different disease states to determine its clinical application better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Meilin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
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Zhang S, Lei Y, Sun T, Gao Z, Li Z, Shen H. Elevated levels of Metrnl in rheumatoid arthritis: Association with disease activity. Cytokine 2022; 159:156026. [PMID: 36084603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is a novel adipokine that is highly expressed in white adipose tissues. Whether Metrnl plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. In this study, sera from 159 RA patients, 28 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 50 healthy individuals were included. The serum levels of Metrnl were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical parameters, including disease activity score 28 (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to cyclic citrulline peptide (anti-CCP), inflammatory cytokines, and blood biochemical indices were collected. RESULTS Metrnl levels were higher in RA patients compared to OA patients and controls. In the RA group, serum Metrnl levels were positively correlated with DAS28, RF, and CRP levels. However, in the RA group, serum Metrnl levels were not correlated with ESR, anti-CCP, immunoglobulins, and blood biochemical indices. CONCLUSION This study showed that Metrnl is involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Increase in serum Metrnl levels is closely related to RA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, 1(st) Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang 110001, China
| | - Yimeng Lei
- Department of Rheumatology, 1(st) Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang 110001, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, 1(st) Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang 110001, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Class 86, 104K, China Medical University, Shen Yang 110001, China
| | - Zhuoqi Li
- Department of Rheumatology, 1(st) Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang 110001, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, 1(st) Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang 110001, China.
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Ding X, Chang X, Wang J, Bian N, An Y, Wang G, Liu J. Serum Metrnl levels are decreased in subjects with overweight or obesity and are independently associated with adverse lipid profile. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:938341. [PMID: 36133314 PMCID: PMC9483104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.938341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meteorin-like (Metrnl), a novel adipokine, is highly expressed in adipose tissue and has a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. However, data on circulating Metrnl levels in obesity are scarce and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of Metrnl in adults with obesity and its association with glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods 182 subjects were included in the cross-sectional study. The participants were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal (n = 95), overweight (n = 46), and obesity (n = 41). Serum Metrnl concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum Metrnl levels in overweight or obese subjects were significantly lower than in the normal group. Circulating Metrnl levels were negatively correlated with TG, TC, LDL-C, and sdLDL and positively correlated with HDL-C before and after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, HOMA-IR, and eGFR (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with the highest tertile, the lowest tertile of Metrnl levels were significantly associated with the presence of hyper-TG, hyper-TC, and Hyper-LDL after full adjustment (all P for trend < 0.05). Conclusions Serum Metrnl levels were reduced in individuals with overweight or obesity and were independently associated with adverse lipid profile, suggesting that modifying circulating Metrnl levels may serve as a potential therapeutic target for atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Engineering Closed-Loop, Autoregulatory Gene Circuits for Osteoarthritis Cell-Based Therapies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:96-110. [PMID: 35404006 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic engineering offers the possibility to simultaneously target multiple cellular pathways in the joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this review is to summarize the ongoing efforts to develop disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) using genetic engineering, including targeting approaches, genome editing techniques, and delivery methods. RECENT FINDINGS Several gene circuits have been developed that reprogram cells to autonomously target inflammation, and their efficacy has been demonstrated in chondrocytes and stem cells. Gene circuits developed for metabolic disorders, such as those targeting insulin resistance and obesity, also have the potential to mitigate the impact of these conditions on OA onset and/or progression. Despite the strides made in characterizing the inflammatory environment of the OA joint, our incomplete understanding of how the multiple regulators interact to control signal transduction, gene transcription, and translation to protein limits the development of targeted disease-modifying therapeutics. Continuous advances in targeted genome editing, combined with online toolkits that simplify the design and production of gene circuits, have the potential to accelerate the discovery and clinical application of multi-target gene circuits with disease-modifying properties for the treatment of OA.
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Cai J, Wang QM, Li JW, Xu F, Bu YL, Wang M, Lu X, Gao W. Serum Meteorin-like is associated with weight loss in the elderly patients with chronic heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:409-417. [PMID: 34806347 PMCID: PMC8818622 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional weight loss (cachexia) has been associated with poor outcomes in chronic heart failure (CHF). Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is a novel myokine with protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the change of Metrnl concentrations and its role in elderly patients with CHF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum Metrnl with weight loss and outcomes in elderly patients with CHF. METHODS A total of 931 consecutive elderly patients (aged 60 years and older) with CHF and 135 age-matched and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled. Serum Metrnl concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body weight was measured at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS Median of serum Metrnl levels was lower in CHF patients when compared with controls [201.31 (184.95-261.16) pg/mL vs. 168.68 (103.15-197.54) pg/mL, P < 0.001]. Patients with the lowest levels of Metrnl had higher N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels but lower left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001). Lower serum Metrnl was associated with a higher risk of >5% weight loss from baseline to 12 months [odds ratio = 6.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.57-14.62 per log decrease; P < 0.001]. Serum Metrnl levels were decreased as LVEF decreased (P < 0.001) and were positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.267, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with NT-proBNP levels (r = -0.257, P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis suggested that lower serum Metrnl was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.71, 95% CI = 3.41-13.18 per log decrease; P < 0.001], CHF rehospitalization (HR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.82-5.17 per log decrease; P < 0.001), and the combined major adverse cardiac event(s) (MACEs) (HR = 5.38, 95% CI = 3.51-8.25 per log decrease; P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that low concentration of Metrnl was a prognostic indicator of MACEs in patients with CHF. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that lower serum Metrnl level is correlated with weight loss and the severity of cardiac dysfunction in elderly patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Ling Bu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang S, Cao L, Cheng H, Li D, Li Y, Wu Z. The blooming intersection of subfatin and metabolic syndrome. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2021; 22:799-805. [PMID: 34565078 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2203086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Adipose tissue releases adipokines that play key roles in metabolic and cardio-cerebro-vascular homeostasis. Subfatin, induced after exercise or upon cold exposure in adipose tissue, is a novel secreted protein homologous to Metrn, a neutrophic factor with angiogenic properties. The protein was proved to be of great significance in the browning of white adipose tissue (BWT) and insulin resistance (IR). It affected insulin sensitivity at least via its local autocrine/paracrine action through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPAR-δ) dependent signaling. Subfatin blocked the release of inflammatory mediators, improved intracellular insulin signal transduction and reversed IR. It also improved glucose tolerance and played a key role in metabolism and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular homeostasis. It was reported that the level of serum subfatin was significantly correlated with the occurrence and severity of coronary heart disease, which might be a new target for the treatment of coronary heart disease. In addition, exercise increased the level of subfatin in circulation and adipose tissue, promoted energy consumption, improved glucose and lipid metabolism, increased the heat production of brown fat, and strengthened the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Given its role in metabolic disorders, subfatin is considered as a candidate biomarker of MS. However, the clinical significance of subfatin remains largely unclear. The purpose of this article is to review the research on the effect of subfatin on MS in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen University, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, 362000 Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361002 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen University, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 650032 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen University, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, 350025 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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HU J, HE A, YUE X, ZHOU M, ZHOU Y. METRNL reduced inflammation in sepsis-induced renal injury via PPARδ-dependent pathways. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.61821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin HU
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Aiting HE
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, China
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Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
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