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Ma J, Liu Y, Yuan J, Ma Y, Zhao X, Chen K, Zhang X, Zhang F, Wang H. Bcl-xL mediates interferon-beta secretion by protease-activated receptor 2 deficiency through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in colorectal cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216483. [PMID: 37972702 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity and immune escape are synergistic drivers of tumor colonization in metastatic organs. Activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling promotes metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The role of PAR2 in regulating the immune microenvironment and cancer progression remains unclear. We demonstrated that the regulation of liver metastasis by PAR2 requires a competent immune system. PAR2 knockdown enhanced liver infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells prior to metastatic foci formation in an interferon receptor-dependent manner. PAR2 depletion increased interferon (IFN)-β production via the cGAS-STING and RIG-1 pathways. PAR2 inhibition increased mitochondrial permeability and cytosolic accumulation of mitochondrial DNA, which was reversed by Bcl-xL expression. Strikingly, shRNA against PAR2 with an immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) acted synergistically to suppress liver metastasis. Analysis of single-cell sequence data and 24 paired samples confirmed the regulatory effect of PAR2 on the metastatic immune environment in human CRC. Therefore, PAR2 signaling is involved in stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane and regulating the immune microenvironment through IFN-β during liver metastasis in CRC. The synergistic effect of the PAR2 inhibitor and ICB provides a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Injury and Repair, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Fanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Damane BP, Mulaudzi TV, Kader SS, Naidoo P, Savkovic SD, Dlamini Z, Mkhize-Kwitshana ZL. Unraveling the Complex Interconnection between Specific Inflammatory Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms Involved in HIV-Associated Colorectal Oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:748. [PMID: 36765706 PMCID: PMC9913377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of HIV treatment has led to increased life expectancy. However, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancers. Chronic inflammation has a key role in oncogenesis, affecting the initiation, promotion, transformation, and advancement of the disease. PLWH are prone to opportunistic infections that trigger inflammation. It has been documented that 15-20% of cancers are triggered by infections, and this percentage is expected to be increased in HIV co-infections. The incidence of parasitic infections such as helminths, with Ascariasis being the most common, is higher in HIV-infected individuals. Cancer cells and opportunistic infections drive a cascade of inflammatory responses which assist in evading immune surveillance, making them survive longer in the affected individuals. Their survival leads to a chronic inflammatory state which further increases the probability of oncogenesis. This review discusses the key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis in HIV-positive patients with colorectal cancers. The possibility of the involvement of co-infections in the advancement of the disease, along with highlights on signaling mechanisms that can potentially be utilized as therapeutic strategies to prevent oncogenesis or halt cancer progression, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Medical School Campus, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Thanyani Victor Mulaudzi
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Sayed Shakeel Kader
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu Natal, Congella, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Pragalathan Naidoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Medical School Campus, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- SAMRC Research Capacity Development Division, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 4091, South Africa
| | - Suzana D. Savkovic
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zilungile Lynette Mkhize-Kwitshana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, Medical School Campus, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- SAMRC Research Capacity Development Division, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 4091, South Africa
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