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Rapos Pereira F, George N, Dalla Barba G, Dubois B, La Corte V. The Memory Binding Test Detects Early Subtle Episodic Memory Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:465-479. [PMID: 38393903 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background The asymptomatic at-risk phase might be the optimal time-window to establish clinically meaningful endpoints in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective We investigated whether, compared with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Memory Binding Test (MBT) can anticipate the diagnosis of emergent subtle episodic memory (EM) deficits to an at-risk phase. Methods Five-year longitudinal FCSRT and MBT scores from 45 individuals matched for age, education, and gender, were divided into 3 groups of 15 subjects: Aβ-/controls, Aβ+/stable, and Aβ+/progressors (preclinical-AD). The MBT adds an associative memory component (binding), particularly sensitive to subtle EM decline. Results In the MBT, EM decline started in the Aβ+/progressors (preclinical-AD) up to 4 years prior to diagnosis in delayed free recall (FR), followed by decline in binding-associated scores 1 year later. Conversely, in the FCSRT, EM-decline began later, up to 3 years prior to diagnosis, in the same group on both immediate and delayed versions of FR, while on total recall (TR) and intrusions decline started only 1 year prior to diagnosis. Conclusions The MBT seems more sensitive than the FCSRT for early EM-decline detection, regarding the year of diagnosis and the number of scores showing AD-linked EM deficits (associated with the AD-characteristic amnesic hippocampal syndrome). Considering the MBT as a detection tool of early subtle EM-decline in an asymptomatic at-risk phase, and the FCSRT as a classification tool of stages of EM-decline from a preclinical phase, these tests ought to potentially become complementary diagnostic tools that can foster therapies to delay cognitive decline. Clinical trial registration title: Electrophysiological markers of the progression to clinical Alzheimer disease in asymptomatic at-risk individuals: a longitudinal event-related potential study of episodic memory in the INSIGHT pre-AD cohort (acronym: ePARAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rapos Pereira
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225' APHP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nathalie George
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225' APHP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225' APHP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), ICM, CIC Neurosciences, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Laboratoire Mémoire Cerveau et Cognition (UR 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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De Simone MS, Rodini M, De Tollis M, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. Exploring mechanisms that affect retrograde memory for public events in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal update. J Neuropsychol 2023; 17:450-460. [PMID: 37067044 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examined mechanisms that affect retrograde memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) as a function of longitudinal clinical outcome. 8 a-MCI who converted to Alzheimer's dementia (AD) during the subsequent 3-year follow-up (converter a-MCI) and 10 a-MCI who remained clinically stable during the same period (stable a-MCI) were compared at the baseline evaluation (i.e., when they were diagnosed as a-MCI) using a remote memory questionnaire for public events that allows disentangling the differential contribution of storage and retrieval mechanisms to performance accuracy. Results suggest that deficits in remote memory are primarily explained by impaired retrieval abilities in stable a-MCI and by impaired storage in converter-to-AD a-MCI. This distinction between retrograde amnesia due to defective trace utilisation in stable a-MCI and trace storage in converter a-MCI is consistent with the temporal unfolding of declining anterograde memory over the course of disease progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania De Simone
- Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Rodini
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Tollis
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Torrealba E, Aguilar-Zerpa N, Garcia-Morales P, Díaz M. Compensatory Mechanisms in Early Alzheimer's Disease and Clinical Setting: The Need for Novel Neuropsychological Strategies. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:513-525. [PMID: 37313485 PMCID: PMC10259077 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the detection of biomarkers and in the design of drugs that can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the underlying primary mechanisms have not been elucidated. The diagnosis of AD has notably improved with the development of neuroimaging techniques and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers which have provided new information not available in the past. Although the diagnosis has advanced, there is a consensus among experts that, when making the diagnosis in a specific patient, many years have probably passed since the onset of the underlying processes, and it is very likely that the biomarkers in use and their cutoffs do not reflect the true critical points for establishing the precise stage of the ongoing disease. In this context, frequent disparities between current biomarkers and cognitive and functional performance in clinical practice constitute a major drawback in translational neurology. To our knowledge, the In-Out-test is the only neuropsychological test developed with the idea that compensatory brain mechanisms exist in the early stages of AD, and whose positive effects on conventional tests performance can be reduced in assessing episodic memory in the context of a dual-task, through which the executive auxiliary networks are 'distracted', thus uncover the real memory deficit. Furthermore, as additional traits, age and formal education have no impact on the performance of the In-Out-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Torrealba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas De Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Norka Aguilar-Zerpa
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Physics, University of La Laguna, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Grober E, Petersen KK, Lipton RB, Hassenstab J, Morris JC, Gordon BA, Ezzati A. Association of Stages of Objective Memory Impairment With Incident Symptomatic Cognitive Impairment in Cognitively Normal Individuals. Neurology 2023; 100:e2279-e2289. [PMID: 37076305 PMCID: PMC10259282 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence indicates that a subset of cognitively normal individuals has subtle cognitive impairment at baseline. We sought to identify them using the Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system. Symptomatic cognitive impairment was operationalized by a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) ≥0.5. We hypothesized that incident impairment would be higher for participants with subtle retrieval impairment (SOMI-1), higher still for those with moderate retrieval impairment (SOMI-2), and highest for those with storage impairment (SOMI-3/4) after adjusting for demographics and APOE ε4 status. A secondary objective was to determine whether including biomarkers of β-amyloid, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration in the models affect prediction. We hypothesized that even after adjusting for in vivo biomarkers, SOMI would remain a significant predictor of time to incident symptomatic cognitive impairment. METHODS Among 969 cognitively normal participants, defined by a CDR = 0, from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, SOMI stage was determined from their baseline Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test scores, 555 had CSF and structural MRI measures and comprised the biomarker subgroup, and 144 of them were amyloid positive. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations of SOMI stages at baseline and biomarkers with time to incident cognitive impairment defined as the transition to CDR ≥0.5. RESULTS Among all participants, the mean age was 69.35 years, 59.6% were female, and mean follow-up was 6.36 years. Participants in SOMI-1-4 had elevated hazard ratios for the transition from normal to impaired cognition in comparison with those who were SOMI-0 (no memory impairment). Individuals in SOMI-1 (mildly impaired retrieval) and SOMI-2 (moderately impaired retrieval) were at nearly double the risk of clinical progression compared with persons with no memory problems. When memory storage impairment emerges (SOMI-3/4), the hazard ratio for clinical progression increased approximately 3 times. SOMI stage remained an independent predictor of incident cognitive impairment after adjusting for all biomarkers. DISCUSSION SOMI predicts the transition from normal cognition to incident symptomatic cognitive impairment (CDR ≥0.5). The results support the use of SOMI to identify those cognitively normal participants most likely to develop incident cognitive impairment who can then be referred for biomarker screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Grober
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Kellen K Petersen
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard B Lipton
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John C Morris
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian A Gordon
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ali Ezzati
- From the Saul R. Korey (E.G., K.K.P., R.B.L., A.E.), Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Department of Neurology (J.H., J.C.M., B.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Markova H, Fendrych Mazancova A, Jester DJ, Cechova K, Matuskova V, Nikolai T, Nedelska Z, Uller M, Andel R, Laczó J, Hort J, Vyhnalek M. Memory Binding Test and Its Associations With Hippocampal Volume Across the Cognitive Continuum Preceding Dementia. Assessment 2023; 30:856-872. [PMID: 35023365 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211069676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Innovative memory paradigms have been introduced to capture subtle memory changes in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to examine the associations between different indexes of the challenging Memory Binding Test (MBT) and hippocampal volume (HV) in a sample of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 50), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD (n = 31), and cognitively normal (CN) older adults (n = 29) recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study, in contrast to traditional verbal memory tests. Both MBT free and cued recall scores in immediate and delayed recall conditions were associated with lower HV in both SCD and aMCI due to AD, whereas in traditional verbal memory tests only delayed recall scores were associated with lower HV. In SCD, the associations with lower HV in the immediate recall covered specific cued recall indexes only. In conclusion, the MBT is a promising test for detecting subtle hippocampal-associated memory decline during the predementia continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Markova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Fendrych Mazancova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dylan J Jester
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Nikolai
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Uller
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ross Andel
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Forno G, Contador J, Pérez-Millan A, Guillen N, Falgàs N, Sarto J, Tort-Merino A, Castellví M, Bosch B, Fernández-Villullas G, Balasa M, Antonell A, Sala-Llonch R, Sanchez-Valle R, Hornberger M, Lladó A. The APOE4 effect: structural brain differences in Alzheimer's disease according to the age at symptom onset. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:597-605. [PMID: 36463489 PMCID: PMC10108138 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE How the APOE genotype can differentially affect cortical and subcortical memory structures in biomarker-confirmed early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset (LOAD) Alzheimer's disease (AD) was assessed. METHOD Eighty-seven cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-confirmed AD patients were classified according to their APOE genotype and age at onset. 28 were EOAD APOE4 carriers (+EOAD), 21 EOAD APOE4 non-carriers (-EOAD), 23 LOAD APOE4 carriers (+LOAD) and 15 LOAD APOE4 non-carriers (-LOAD). Grey matter (GM) volume differences were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry in Papez circuit regions. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relation between GM volume loss and cognition. RESULTS Significantly more mammillary body atrophy in +EOAD compared to -EOAD is reported. The medial temporal and posterior cingulate cortex showed less GM in +LOAD compared to -LOAD. Medial temporal GM volume loss was also found in +EOAD compared to -LOAD. With an exception for +EOAD, medial temporal GM was strongly associated with episodic memory in the three groups, whilst posterior cingulate cortex GM volume was more related with visuospatial abilities. Visuospatial abilities and episodic memory were also associated with the anterior thalamic nucleus in -LOAD. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the APOE genotype has a significant effect on GM integrity as a function of age of disease onset. Specifically, whilst LOAD APOE4 genotype is mostly associated with increased medial temporal and parietal atrophy compared to -LOAD, for EOAD APOE4 might have a more specific effect on subcortical (mammillary body) structures. The findings suggest that APOE genotype needs to be taken into account when classifying patients by age at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Forno
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Contador
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnès Pérez-Millan
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences. Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Guillen
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Falgàs
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Heath Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jordi Sarto
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Tort-Merino
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Castellví
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Fernández-Villullas
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Heath Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Heath Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Irland
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences. Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Petersen KK, Ezzati A, Lipton RB, Gordon BA, Hassenstab J, Morris JC, Grober E. Associations of Stages of Objective Memory Impairment with Cerebrospinal Fluid and Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:112-119. [PMID: 36641615 PMCID: PMC9841119 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging correlates of Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) based on Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) performance, and to evaluate the effect of APOE ε4 status on this relationship. METHODS Data from 586 cognitively unimpaired individuals who had FCSRT, CSF, and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures available was used. We compared CSF measures of β-amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau181), total tau (t-Tau), hippocampal volume, and PIB-PET mean cortical binding potential with partial volume correction (MCBP) among SOMI groups in the whole sample and in subsamples stratified by APOE ε4 status. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 67.4 (SD=9.1) years, had 16.1 (SD=2.6) years of education, 57.0% were female, and 33.8% were APOE ε4 positive. In the entire sample, there was no significant difference between SOMI stages in Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-Tau181, t-Tau, or PIB-PET MCBP when adjusted for age, sex, and education. However, higher SOMI stages had smaller hippocampal volume (F=3.29, p=0.020). In the stratified sample based on APOE ε4 status, in APOE ε4 positive individuals, higher SOMI stages had higher p-Tau181 (F=2.94, p=0.034) higher t-Tau (F=3.41, p=0.019), and smaller hippocampal volume (F=5.78, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in CSF or imaging biomarkers between SOMI groups in the APOE ε4 negative subsample. CONCLUSION Cognitively normal older individuals with higher SOMI stages have higher in-vivo tau and neurodegenerative pathology only in APOE ε4 carriers. These original results indicate the potential usefulness of the SOMI staging system in assessing of tau and neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Petersen
- Kellen K. Petersen, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1225 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA,
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Lanskey JH, Kocagoncu E, Quinn AJ, Cheng YJ, Karadag M, Pitt J, Lowe S, Perkinton M, Raymont V, Singh KD, Woolrich M, Nobre AC, Henson RN, Rowe JB. New Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease Longitudinal Cohort study (NTAD): study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055135. [PMID: 36521898 PMCID: PMC9756184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the pressing need to develop treatments that slow or stop the progression of Alzheimer's disease, new tools are needed to reduce clinical trial duration and validate new targets for human therapeutics. Such tools could be derived from neurophysiological measurements of disease. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The New Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease study (NTAD) aims to identify a biomarker set from magneto/electroencephalography that is sensitive to disease and progression over 1 year. The study will recruit 100 people with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer's disease and 30 healthy controls aged between 50 and 85 years. Measurements of the clinical, cognitive and imaging data (magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography and MRI) of all participants will be taken at baseline. These measurements will be repeated after approximately 1 year on participants with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, and clinical and cognitive assessment of these participants will be repeated again after approximately 2 years. To assess reliability of magneto/electroencephalographic changes, a subset of 30 participants with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer's disease will also undergo repeat magneto/electroencephalography 2 weeks after baseline. Baseline and longitudinal changes in neurophysiology are the primary analyses of interest. Additional outputs will include atrophy and cognitive change and estimated numbers needed to treat each arm of simulated clinical trials of a future disease-modifying therapy. ETHICS AND DATA STATEMENT The study has received a favourable opinion from the East of England Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 18/EE/0042). Results will be disseminated through internal reports, peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations, website publication, submission to regulatory authorities and other publications. Data will be made available via the Dementias Platform UK Data Portal on completion of initial analyses by the NTAD study group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ece Kocagoncu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Quinn
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yun-Ju Cheng
- Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melek Karadag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jemma Pitt
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Lowe
- Lilly Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Singapore
| | | | | | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Woolrich
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna C Nobre
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Krinsky‐McHale SJ, Hartley S, Hom C, Pulsifer M, Clare IC, Handen BL, Lott IT, Schupf N, Silverman W. A modified Cued Recall Test for detecting prodromal AD in adults with Down syndrome. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12361. [PMID: 36212742 PMCID: PMC9527593 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The development of valid methods to diagnose prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adults with Down syndrome (DS) is one of the many goals of the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS). Methods The diagnostic utility of a modified Cued Recall Test (mCRT) was evaluated in 332 adults with DS ranging from 25 to 81 years of age. Total recall was selected a priori, as the primary indicator of performance. Multiple regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to compare diagnostic groups. Results Performance on the mCRT, as indicated by the total recall score, was highly sensitive to differences between diagnostic groups. ROC areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.843 to 0.955, were observed. Discussion The mCRT has strong empirical support for its use in clinical settings, as a valuable tool in studies targeting biomarkers of AD, and as a potential outcome measure in clinical trials targeting AD in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J. Krinsky‐McHale
- Department of PsychologyNew York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNew YorkUSA
| | - Sigan Hartley
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesWaisman CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonUSA
| | - Christy Hom
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Margaret Pulsifer
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Benjamin L. Handen
- Department of PsychiatryPediatrics and PsychologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ira T. Lott
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and Surgeons and Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Wayne Silverman
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Vyhnalek M, Jester DJ, Andel R, Markova H, Nikolai T, Laczó J, Matuskova V, Cechova K, Sheardova K, Hort J. Contribution of Memory Tests to Early Identification of Conversion from Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1397-1409. [PMID: 35786650 PMCID: PMC9484087 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Memory tests using controlled encoding and cued recall paradigm (CECR) have been shown to identify prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but information about the effectiveness of CECR compared to other memory tests in predicting clinical progression is missing. Objective: The aim was to examine the predictive ability of a memory test based on the CECR paradigm in comparison to other memory/non-memory tests for conversion to dementia in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: 270 aMCI patients from the clinical-based Czech Brain Aging Study underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment including the Enhanced Cued Recall test (ECR), a memory test with CECR, two verbal memory tests without controlled encoding: the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Logical memory test (LM), a visuospatial memory test: the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, and cognitive testing based on the Uniform Data Set battery. The patients were followed prospectively. Conversion to dementia as a function of cognitive performance was examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: 144 (53%) patients converted to dementia. Most converters (89%) developed dementia due to AD or mixed (AD and vascular) dementia. Comparing the four memory tests, the delayed recall scores on AVLT and LM best predicted conversion to dementia. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of immediate recall scores on ECR, AVLT, and LM were similar to the HR of categorical verbal fluency. Conclusion: Using the CECR memory paradigm in assessment of aMCI patients has no superiority over verbal and non-verbal memory tests without cued recall in predicting conversion to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dylan J Jester
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hana Markova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Nikolai
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sheardova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Alegret M, Sotolongo-Grau O, de Antonio EE, Pérez-Cordón A, Orellana A, Espinosa A, Gil S, Jiménez D, Ortega G, Sanabria A, Roberto N, Hernández I, Rosende-Roca M, Tartari JP, Alarcon-Martin E, de Rojas I, Montrreal L, Morató X, Cano A, Rentz DM, Tárraga L, Ruiz A, Valero S, Marquié M, Boada M. Automatized FACEmemory® scoring is related to Alzheimer's disease phenotype and biomarkers in early-onset mild cognitive impairment: the BIOFACE cohort. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:43. [PMID: 35303916 PMCID: PMC8933921 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background FACEmemory® is the first computerized, self-administered verbal episodic memory test with voice recognition. It can be conducted under minimal supervision and contains an automatic scoring system to avoid administrator errors. Moreover, it is suitable for discriminating between cognitively healthy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, and it is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether FACEmemory scoring is related to performance on classical memory tests and to AD biomarkers of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF in patients with early-onset MCI (EOMCI). Methods Ninety-four patients with EOMCI from the BIOFACE study completed FACEmemory, classical memory tests (the Spanish version of the Word Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test -FCSRT-, the Word List from the Wechsler Memory Scale, third edition, and the Spanish version of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), and a brain MRI. Eighty-two individuals also underwent a lumbar puncture. Results FACEmemory scoring was moderately correlated with FCSRT scoring. With regard to neuroimaging MRI results, worse execution on FACEmemory was associated with lower cortical volume in the right prefrontal and inferior parietal areas, along with the left temporal and associative occipital areas. Moreover, the total FACEmemory score correlated with CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, p181-tau, and Aβ1-42/p181-tau ratio). When performance on FACEmemory was compared among the ATN classification groups, significant differences between the AD group and normal and SNAP groups were found. Conclusions FACEmemory is a promising tool for detecting memory deficits sensitive to early-onset AD, but it also allows the detection of memory-impaired cases due to other etiologies. Our findings suggest that FACEmemory scoring can detect the AD endophenotype and that it is also associated with AD-related changes in MRI and CSF in patients with EOMCI. The computerized FACEmemory tool might be an opportunity to facilitate early detection of MCI in younger people than 65, who have a growing interest in new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Alegret
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Esteban de Antonio
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Cordón
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gil
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Sanabria
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitee Rosende-Roca
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Tartari
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcon-Martin
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Morató
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Valles-Salgado M, Cabrera-Martín MN, Curiel-Cid RE, Delgado-Álvarez A, Delgado-Alonso C, Gil-Moreno MJ, Matías-Guiu J, Loewenstein DA, Matias-Guiu JA. Neuropsychological, Metabolic, and Connectivity Underpinnings of Semantic Interference Deficits Using the LASSI-L. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:823-840. [PMID: 36189601 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LASSI-L is a novel neuropsychological test specifically designed for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on semantic interference. OBJECTIVE To examine the cognitive and neural underpinnings of the failure to recover from proactive semantic and retroactive semantic interference. METHODS One hundred and fifty-five patients consulting for memory loss were included. Patients underwent neuropsychological assessment, including the LASSI-L, and FDG-PET imaging. They were categorized as subjective memory complaints (SMC) (n=32), pre-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (Pre-MCI) (n=39), MCI due to AD (MCI-AD) (n=71), and MCI without evidence of neurodegeneration (MCI-NN) (n=13). Voxel-based brain mapping and metabolic network connectivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS A significant group effect was found for all the LASSI-L scores. LASSI-L scores measuring failure to recover from proactive semantic interference and retroactive semantic interference were predicted by other neuropsychological tests with a precision of 64.1 and 44.8%. The LASSI-L scores were associated with brain metabolism in the bilateral precuneus, superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, fusiform, angular, superior and inferior parietal lobule, superior, middle and inferior occipital gyri, lingual gyrus, and posterior cingulate. Connectivity analysis revealed a decrease of node degree and centrality in posterior cingulate in patients showing frPSI. CONCLUSION Episodic memory dysfunction and the involvement of the medial temporal lobe, precuneus and posterior cingulate constitute the basis of the failure to recover from proactive semantic interference and retroactive semantic interference. These findings support the role of the LASSI-L in the detection, monitoring and outcome prediction during the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valles-Salgado
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Nieves Cabrera-Martín
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie E Curiel-Cid
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Center of Aging, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado-Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gil-Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Center of Aging, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordi A Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Kothapalli SV, Benzinger TL, Aschenbrenner AJ, Perrin RJ, Hildebolt CF, Goyal MS, Fagan AM, Raichle ME, Morris JC, Yablonskiy DA. Quantitative Gradient Echo MRI Identifies Dark Matter as a New Imaging Biomarker of Neurodegeneration that Precedes Tisssue Atrophy in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:905-924. [PMID: 34897083 PMCID: PMC8842777 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, brain tissue atrophy serves as an in vivo MRI biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, postmortem histopathological studies show that neuronal loss in AD exceeds volumetric loss of tissue and that loss of memory in AD begins when neurons and synapses are lost. Therefore, in vivo detection of neuronal loss prior to detectable atrophy in MRI is essential for early AD diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To apply a recently developed quantitative Gradient Recalled Echo (qGRE) MRI technique for in vivo evaluation of neuronal loss in human hippocampus. METHODS Seventy participants were recruited from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, representing three groups: Healthy controls [Clinical Dementia Rating® (CDR®) = 0, amyloid β (Aβ)-negative, n = 34]; Preclinical AD (CDR = 0, Aβ-positive, n = 19); and mild AD (CDR = 0.5 or 1, Aβ-positive, n = 17). RESULTS In hippocampal tissue, qGRE identified two types of regions: one, practically devoid of neurons, we designate as "Dark Matter", and the other, with relatively preserved neurons, "Viable Tissue". Data showed a greater loss of neurons than defined by atrophy in the mild AD group compared with the healthy control group; neuronal loss ranged between 31% and 43%, while volume loss ranged only between 10% and 19%. The concept of Dark Matter was confirmed with histopathological study of one participant who underwent in vivo qGRE 14 months prior to expiration. CONCLUSION In vivo qGRE method identifies neuronal loss that is associated with impaired AD-related cognition but is not recognized by MRI measurements of tissue atrophy, therefore providing new biomarkers for early AD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tammie L. Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J. Aschenbrenner
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Manu S. Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E. Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Grober E, Papp KV, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Amariglio RE, Schultz A, Lipton RB, Ezzati A. Neuroimaging correlates of Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12224. [PMID: 35005192 PMCID: PMC8719429 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the relationship between memory performance defined by the Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system and the Alzheimer's disease (AD) ATN (amyloid beta [A], pathologic tau [T], and neurodegeneration [N]) biomarker system. METHODS We used data from the Harvard Aging Brain Study cohort to estimate the level of ATN biomarkers: amyloid beta (C-Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography [PET]), tau (F-18-flortaucipir [FTP] PET), and neurodegeneration (magnetic resonance imaging volumetrics). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship of SOMI classification with global amyloid levels, entorhinal and inferior temporal tau deposition, and hippocampal atrophy. RESULTS Participants with both memory storage and retrieval deficits (SOMI-3, -4) had smaller hippocampal volumes and higher entorhinal and inferior temporal tau burden than participants with no memory impairment (SOMI-0) or mild retrieval difficulty (SOMI-1). Amyloid burden did not differ among SOMI stages. DISCUSSION This pilot supports the close relationship between tau pathology and memory impairment across the AD continuum. SOMI may be useful to determine eligibility for randomized controlled trials prior to the assessment of biomarker status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Grober
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Kathryn V. Papp
- Harvard Aging Brain StudyDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Harvard Aging Brain StudyDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Harvard Aging Brain StudyDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Harvard Aging Brain StudyDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rebecca E. Amariglio
- Harvard Aging Brain StudyDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Harvard Aging Brain StudyDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Ali Ezzati
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
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15
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Spallazzi M, Michelini G, Barocco F, Dieci F, Copelli S, Messa G, Scarlattei M, Pavesi G, Ruffini L, Caffarra P. The Role of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Predicting [18F]Florbetaben PET Results in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1647-1659. [PMID: 31958094 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is a reliable cognitive marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the identification of neuropsychological tests sensitive to the early signs of AD pathology is crucial both in research and clinical practice. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to ascertain the ability of FCSRT in predicting the amyloid load as determined from amyloid PET imaging (Amy-PET) in patients with cognitive disorders. METHODS For our purpose, 79 patients (71 MCI, 8 mild dementia) underwent a complete workup for dementia, including the FCSRT assessment and a [18F]florbetaben PET scan. FCSRT subitem scores were used as predictors in different binomial regression models. RESULTS Immediate free recall and delayed free recall were the best predictors overall in the whole sample; whereas in patients <76 years, all models further improved with immediate total recall (ITR) and Index of Sensitivity of Cueing (ISC) resulting the most accurate in anticipating Amy-PET results, with a likelihood of being Amy-PET positive greater than 85% for ITR and ISC scores of less than 25 and 0.5, respectively. CONCLUSION FCSRT proved itself to be a valid tool in dementia diagnosis, also being able to correlate with amyloid pathology. The possibility to predict Amy-PET results through a simple and reliable neuropsychological test might be helpful for clinicians in the dementia field, adding value to a paper and pencil tool compared to most costly biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spallazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Michelini
- Sigmund Freud University, Milano, Italy.,Department of Disability, Fondazione Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro - Onlus, Cremona, Italy
| | - Federica Barocco
- Alzheimer Center, FERB, Briolini Hospital, Gazzaniga, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Copelli
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, AUSL Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messa
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, AUSL Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maura Scarlattei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pavesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Livia Ruffini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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Identifying Sensitive Measures of Cognitive Decline at Different Clinical Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:426-438. [PMID: 33046162 PMCID: PMC8041916 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617720000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies are increasingly targeting earlier (pre)clinical populations, in which the expected degree of observable cognitive decline over a certain time interval is reduced as compared to the dementia stage. Consequently, endpoints to capture early cognitive changes require refinement. We aimed to determine the sensitivity to decline of widely applied neuropsychological tests at different clinical stages of AD as outlined in the National Institute on Aging - Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) research framework. METHOD Amyloid-positive individuals (as determined by positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid) with longitudinal neuropsychological assessments available were included from four well-defined study cohorts and subsequently classified among the NIA-AA stages. For each stage, we investigated the sensitivity to decline of 17 individual neuropsychological tests using linear mixed models. RESULTS 1103 participants (age = 70.54 ± 8.7, 47% female) were included: n = 120 Stage 1, n = 206 Stage 2, n = 467 Stage 3 and n = 309 Stage 4. Neuropsychological tests were differentially sensitive to decline across stages. For example, Category Fluency captured significant 1-year decline as early as Stage 1 (β = -.58, p < .001). Word List Delayed Recall (β = -.22, p < .05) and Trail Making Test (β = 6.2, p < .05) became sensitive to 1-year decline in Stage 2, whereas the Mini-Mental State Examination did not capture 1-year decline until Stage 3 (β = -1.13, p < .001) and 4 (β = -2.23, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that commonly used neuropsychological tests differ in their ability to capture decline depending on clinical stage within the AD continuum (preclinical to dementia). This implies that stage-specific cognitive endpoints are needed to accurately assess disease progression and increase the chance of successful treatment evaluation in AD.
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17
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Grober E, Qi Q, Kuo L, Hassenstab J, Perrin RJ, Lipton RB. Stages of Objective Memory Impairment Predict Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology: Comparison with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:185-195. [PMID: 33492286 PMCID: PMC8075392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ultimate validation of a clinical marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is its association with AD neuropathology. OBJECTIVE To examine how well the Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system predicts intermediate/high AD neuropathologic change and extent of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology defined by Braak stage, in comparison to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale sum of boxes (CDR-SB). METHODS 251 well-characterized participants from the Knight ADRC clinicopathologic series were classified into SOMI stage at their last assessment prior to death using the free recall and total recall scores from the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR). Logistic regression models assessed the predictive validity of SOMI and CDR-SB for intermediate/high AD neuropathologic change. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis evaluated the discriminative validity of SOMI and CDR-SB for AD pathology. Ordinal logistic regression was used to predict Braak stage using SOMI and CDR-SB in separate and joint models. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of SOMI for AD diagnosis was similar to that of the CDR-SB (AUC: 85%versus 83%). In separate models, both SOMI and CDR-SB predicted Braak stage. In a joint model SOMI remained a significant predictor of Braak stage but CDR-SB did not. CONCLUSION SOMI provides a neuropathologically validated staging system for episodic memory impairment in the AD continuum and should be useful in predicting tau positivity based on its association with Braak stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Grober
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, CT, USA
| | - Lynn Kuo
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, CT, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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18
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Grober E, Qi Q, Kuo L, Hassenstab J, Perrin RJ, Lipton RB. The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test Predicts Braak Stage. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:175-183. [PMID: 33492287 PMCID: PMC8075386 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The ultimate validation of a clinical marker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is its association with AD neuropathology. Objective: To identify clinical measures that predict pathology, we evaluated the relationships of the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (pFCSRT + IR), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) to Braak stage. Methods: 315 cases from the clinicopathologic series at the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center were classified according to Braak stage. Boxplots of each predictor were compared to identify the earliest stage at which decline was observed and ordinal logistic regression was used to predict Braak stage. Results: Looking at the assessment closest to death, free recall scores were lower in individuals at Braak stage III versus Braak stages 0 and I (combined) while MMSE and CDR scores for individuals did not differ from Braak stages 0/I until Braak stage IV. The sum of free recall and total recall scores independently predicted Braak stage and had higher predictive validity than MMSE and CDR-SB in models including all three. Conclusion: pFCSRT + IR scores may be more sensitive to early pathological changes than either the CDR-SB or the MMSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Grober
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lynn Kuo
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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19
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Brugnolo A, Girtler N, Doglione E, Orso B, Massa F, Donegani MI, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Arnaldi D, Nobili F, Pardini M. Brain Resources: How Semantic Cueing Works in Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease (MCI-AD). Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010108. [PMID: 33445437 PMCID: PMC7826532 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic cues in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCRST) play a key role in the neuropsychological diagnosis of Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease (MCI-AD); however, the neural bases of their impact of recall abilities are only partially understood. Here, we thus decided to investigate the relationships between brain metabolism and the FCSRT Index of Sensitivity of Cueing (ISC) in patients with MCI-AD and in healthy controls (HC). Materials: Thirty MCI-AD patients (age: 74.7 ± 5.7 years; education: 9.6 ± 4.6 years, MMSE score: 24.8 ± 3.3, 23 females) and seventeen HC (age: 66.5 ± 11.1 years; education: 11.53 ± 4.2 years, MMSE score: 28.4 ± 1.14, 10 females) who underwent neuropsychological evaluation and brain F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) were included in the study. Results: ISC was able to differentiate HC from MCI-AD subjects as shown by a ROC analysis (AUC of 0.978, effect size Hedges’s g = 2.89). MCI-AD subjects showed significant hypometabolism in posterior cortices, including bilateral inferior Parietal Lobule and Precuneus and Middle Temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere (VOI-1) compared to HC. ISC was positively correlated with brain metabolism in a single cluster (VOI-2) spanning the left prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the patient group (R2 = 0.526, p < 0.001), but not in HC. Mean uptake values of VOI-2 did not differ between HC and MCI-AD. The structural connectivity analysis showed that VOI-2 is connected with the temporal pole, the cingulate gyrus and the posterior temporal cortices in the left hemisphere. Conclusion: In MCI-AD, the relative preservation of frontal cortex metabolic levels and their correlation with the ISC suggest that the left frontal cortices play a significant role in maintaining a relatively good memory performance despite the presence of posterior hypometabolism in MCI-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brugnolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
- Clinical Psychology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353778
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
- Clinical Psychology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Doglione
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Beatrice Orso
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Isabella Donegani
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.I.D.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.I.D.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.I.D.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
- Neurology Clinics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
- Neurology Clinics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy; (N.G.); (E.D.); (B.O.); (F.M.); (D.A.); (F.N.); (M.P.)
- Neurology Clinics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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20
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Squarzoni P, Faria DDP, Yassuda MS, Porto FHDG, Coutinho AM, Costa NAD, Nitrini R, Forlenza OV, Duran FLDS, Brucki SMD, Buchpiguel CA, Busatto GF. Relationship Between PET-Assessed Amyloid Burden and Visual and Verbal Episodic Memory Performance in Elderly Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:229-244. [PMID: 32986673 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of elderly subjects using biomarkers that are proxies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology have the potential to document meaningful relationships between cognitive performance and biomarker changes along the AD continuum. OBJECTIVE To document cognitive performance differences across distinct AD stages using a categorization based on the presence of PET-assessed amyloid-β (Aβ) burden and neurodegeneration. METHODS Patients with mild dementia compatible with AD (n = 38) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 43) and a cognitively unimpaired group (n = 27) underwent PET with Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) assessing Aβ aggregation (A+) and [18F]FDG-PET assessing neurodegeneration ((N)+). Cognitive performance was assessed with verbal and visual episodic memory tests and the Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS The A+(N)+ subgroup (n = 32) showed decreased (p < 0.001) cognitive test scores compared to both A+(N)-(n = 18) and A-(N)-(n = 49) subjects, who presented highly similar mean cognitive scores. Despite its modest size (n = 9), the A-(N)+ subgroup showed lower (p < 0.043) verbal memory scores relative to A-(N)-subjects, and trend lower (p = 0.096) scores relative to A+(N)-subjects. Continuous Aβ measures (standard uptake value ratios of PiB uptake) were correlated most significantly with visual memory scores both in the overall sample and when analyses were restricted to dementia or (N)+ subjects, but not in non-dementia or (N)-groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that significant Aβ-cognition relationships are highly salient at disease stages involving neurodegeneration. The fact that findings relating Aβ burden to memory performance were detected only at (N)+ stages, together with the similarity of test scores between A+(N)-and A-(N)-subjects, reinforce the view that Aβ-cognition relationships during early AD stages may remain undetectable unless substantially large samples are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Squarzoni
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Departament of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Sanches Yassuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Henrique de Gobbi Porto
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur Martins Coutinho
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naomi Antunes da Costa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Departament of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Departament of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz de Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Departament of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Departament of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Fortier M, Castellano CA, St-Pierre V, Myette-Côté É, Langlois F, Roy M, Morin MC, Bocti C, Fulop T, Godin JP, Delannoy C, Cuenoud B, Cunnane SC. A ketogenic drink improves cognition in mild cognitive impairment: Results of a 6-month RCT. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:543-552. [PMID: 33103819 PMCID: PMC8048678 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Counteracting impaired brain glucose metabolism with ketones may improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Cognition, plasma ketone response, and metabolic profile were assessed before and 6 months after supplementation with a ketogenic drink containing medium chain triglyceride (ketogenic medium chain triglyceride [kMCT]; 15 g twice/day; n = 39) or placebo (n = 44). Results Free and cued recall (Trial 1; P = .047), verbal fluency (categories; P = .024), Boston Naming Test (total correct answers; P = .033), and the Trail‐Making Test (total errors; P = .017) improved significantly in the kMCT group compared to placebo (analysis of covariance; pre‐intervention score, sex, age, education, and apolipoprotein E4 as covariates). Some cognitive outcomes also correlated positively with plasma ketones. Plasma metabolic profile and ketone response were unchanged. Conclusions This kMCT drink improved cognitive outcomes in MCI, at least in part by increasing blood ketone level. These data support further assessment of MCI progression to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Fortier
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Valérie St-Pierre
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Étienne Myette-Côté
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Maggie Roy
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christian Bocti
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Godin
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Gagliardi G, Epelbaum S, Houot M, Bakardjian H, Boukadida L, Revillon M, Dubois B, Dalla Barba G, La Corte V. Which Episodic Memory Performance is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Elderly Cognitive Complainers? Evidence from a Longitudinal Observational Study with Four Episodic Memory Tests (Insight-PreAD). J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:811-824. [PMID: 31282413 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is found in the brain years before symptoms are usually detected. An episodic memory (EM) decline is considered to be the specific cognitive sign indicating a transition from the preclinical to the prodromal stage of AD. However, there is still no consensus on the most sensitive tool to detect it. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to determine which EM measures, among three clinically used EM tests and one research EM test, would be optimal to use for detection of early decline in elderly cognitive complainers. METHODS 318 healthy elderly participants with subjective cognitive complaint were followed for two years. We applied generalized linear mixed models to investigate the effect of baseline brain amyloid and metabolism on the longitudinal evolution of four EM tests. RESULTS Our findings show that participants performed significantly worse in two out of four EM tests (i.e., the Memory Binding Test and the Delayed Matched Sample test 48 items) as their level of brain amyloid load increased. However, we did not find an association between EM measures and brain metabolism. An interaction of the two biomarkers was associated with the number of intrusions in the Memory Binding Test over two years. CONCLUSION As most clinical trials in AD are now including patients at its early clinical stage, the precise delineation of the transition phase between the preclinical and prodromal stages of the disease is of crucial importance. Our study indicates that challenging EM tests and intrusions are valuable tools to identify this critical transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Gagliardi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Inria, Aramis Project Team, Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), ICM, CIC Neurosciences, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Boukadida
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Revillon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), ICM, CIC Neurosciences, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Centre de référence pour les maladies d'Alzheimer du sujet jeune et les démences rares, Institut de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, INSERM U894, Paris, France
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23
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Guzmán-Vélez E, Martínez J, Papp K, Baena A, Vila-Castelar C, Artola A, Schultz AP, Bocanegra Y, Sanchez J, Rentz D, Tariot PN, Reiman EM, Sperling R, Johnson KA, Lopera F, Quiroz YT. Associative memory and in vivo brain pathology in asymptomatic presenilin-1 E280A carriers. Neurology 2020; 95:e1312-e1321. [PMID: 32611637 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether performance on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is associated with PET in vivo markers of brain pathology and whether it can distinguish those who will develop dementia later in life due to autosomal-dominant Alzheimer disease (AD) from age-matched controls. METHODS Twenty-four cognitively unimpaired Presenilin-1 E280A carriers (mean age 36 years) and 28 noncarriers (mean age 37 years) underwent Pittsburg compound B-PET (amyloid), flortaucipir-PET (tau), and cognitive testing, including the FCSRT (immediate and delayed free and cued recall scores). Linear regressions were used to examine the relationships among FCSRT scores, age, mean cortical amyloid, and regional tau burden. RESULTS Free and total recall scores did not differ between cognitively unimpaired mutation carriers and noncarriers. Greater age predicted lower free recall and delayed free and total recall scores in carriers. In cognitively impaired carriers, delayed free recall predicted greater amyloid burden and entorhinal tau, while worse immediate free recall scores predicted greater tau in the inferior temporal and entorhinal cortices. In turn, in all carriers, lower free and total recall scores predicted greater amyloid and regional tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS FCSRT scores were associated with in vivo markers of AD-related pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals genetically determined to develop dementia. Difficulties on free recall, particularly delayed recall, were evident earlier in the disease trajectory, while difficulties on cued recall were seen only as carriers neared the onset of dementia, consistent with the pathologic progression of the disease. Findings suggest that the FCSRT can be a useful measure to track disease progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jairo Martínez
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kate Papp
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ana Baena
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Clara Vila-Castelar
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Arabiye Artola
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yamile Bocanegra
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Justin Sanchez
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dorene Rentz
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Pierre N Tariot
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Eric M Reiman
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Reisa Sperling
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Keith A Johnson
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Francisco Lopera
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (E.G.V., J.M., C.V.-C., A.A., J.S., Y.T.Q.), Neurology (A.P.S., D.R., R.S., K.A.J., Y.T.Q.), and Radiology (K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Grupo de Neurociencias (A.B., Y.B., F.L., Y.T.Q.), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment (K.P., D.R., R.S., K.A.J.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (P.N.T., E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ.
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24
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Bullain S, Doody R. What works and what does not work in Alzheimer's disease? From interventions on risk factors to anti-amyloid trials. J Neurochem 2020; 155:120-136. [PMID: 32277473 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no approved disease-modifying therapy (DMT). In this review, we summarize the various past approaches taken in an attempt to find treatments capable of altering the long-term course for individuals with AD, including: translating epidemiological observations into potential treatment options; seeking a single-treatment approach across the continuum of AD severity; utilizing biomarkers for assessing target engagement; using biomarkers as early surrogates of clinical efficacy; and enriching study populations to demonstrate adequate placebo decline during the limited duration of clinical trials. Although targeting the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway has been central to the search for an effective DMT, to date, trials of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies have failed to consistently demonstrate significant clinical efficacy. Key learnings from these anti-Aβ trials, as well as the trials that came before them, have shifted the focus within clinical development programs to identifying target populations thought most likely to benefit from treatments (i.e., individuals at an earlier stage of disease). Other learnings include strategies to increase the likelihood of showing measurable improvements within the clinical trial setting by better predicting decline in placebo participants, as well as developing measures to quantify the needed treatment exposure (e.g., higher doses). Given the complexity associated with AD pathology and progression, treatments targeting non-amyloid AD pathologies in combination with anti-amyloid therapies may offer an alternative for the successful development of DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachelle Doody
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Alegret M, Muñoz N, Roberto N, Rentz DM, Valero S, Gil S, Marquié M, Hernández I, Riveros C, Sanabria A, Perez-Cordon A, Espinosa A, Ortega G, Mauleón A, Abdelnour C, Rosende-Roca M, Papp KV, Orellana A, Benaque A, Tarraga L, Ruiz A, Boada M. A computerized version of the Short Form of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FACEmemory®) for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:25. [PMID: 32178724 PMCID: PMC7077028 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Computerized neuropsychological tests for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have attracted increasing interest. Memory for faces and proper names is a complex task because its association is arbitrary. It implicates associative occipito-temporal cerebral regions, which are disrupted in AD. The short form of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME-12), developed to detect preclinical and prodromal AD, asks individuals to learn the names and occupations associated with 12 faces. The current work advances this field by using voice recognition and touchscreen response format. The purpose of this study is to create the first self-administered episodic memory test, FACEmemory®, by adapting the FNAME-12 for tablet use with voice recognition, touchscreen answers, and automatic scoring. The test was minimally supervised by a psychologist to avoid technological problems during execution and scored manually to assess the reliability of the automatic scoring. The aims of the present study were (1) to determine whether FACEmemory® is a sensitive tool for the detection of cognitive impairment, (2) to examine whether performances on FACEmemory® are correlated with those on the S-FNAME (paper-and-pencil version with 16 images), and (3) to determine whether performances on FACEmemory® are related to AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Aβ42, p-tau, and Aβ42/p-tau ratio). Methods FACEmemory® was completed by 154 cognitively healthy (CH) individuals and 122 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, of whom 61 were non-amnestic (naMCI) and 61 amnestic (aMCI). A subsample of 65 individuals completed the S-FNAME, and 65 subjects received lumbar punctures. Results Performance on FACEmemory® was progressively worse from CH to the naMCI and aMCI groups. A cutoff of 31.5 in total FACEmemory® obtained 80.5% and 80.3% sensitivity and specificity values, respectively, for discriminating between CH and aMCI. Automatically corrected FACEmemory® scores were highly correlated with the manually corrected ones. FACEmemory® scores and AD CSF biomarker levels were significantly correlated as well, mainly in the aMCI group. Conclusions FACEmemory® may be a promising memory prescreening tool for detecting subtle memory deficits related to AD. Our findings suggest FACEmemory® performance provides a useful gradation of impairment from normal aging to aMCI, and it is related to CSF AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nathalia Muñoz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergi Valero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gil
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Riveros
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Sanabria
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Perez-Cordon
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Mauleón
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitee Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adela Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Benaque
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Gran Via de Carles III, 85 bis, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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De Simone MS, De Tollis M, Fadda L, Perri R, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. Lost or unavailable? Exploring mechanisms that affect retrograde memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neurol 2019; 267:113-124. [PMID: 31571005 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retrograde amnesia has been largely documented in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is still not clear whether ineffectiveness in recalling past acquired information reflects loss of individual memory traces or failure to access specific stored traces. We aimed to disentangle the differential contribution of storage and retrieval processes to the pattern of retrograde amnesia in these patients. This issue was investigated in 18 a-MCI and 19 AD patients who were compared to 20 healthy controls. A novel questionnaire about public events was used; it consisted of two procedures (i.e., a free recall test and a true/false recognition test). Crucial differences emerged in the way the two groups of patients performed the experimental tasks. In fact, although both a-MCI and AD patients showed a similar pattern of impairment on the free recall test, a-MCI patients were able to normalise their performance on the recognition test, thus overcoming their deficits at the time of recall. Conversely, AD patients showed both reduced free recall ability and diminished sensitivity to benefit from recognition in recalling public events. Our findings suggest that the memory processes underlying RA were different for a-MCI and AD. Deficits in remote memory are prevalently explained by impaired retrieval abilities in a-MCI and by impaired storage in AD. This distinction between retrograde amnesia due to defective trace utilisation in a-MCI and trace storage in AD is consistent with the temporal unfolding of declining anterograde memory over the course of disease progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo De Tollis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fadda
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Perri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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27
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Timing of onset and rate of decline in learning and retention in the pre-dementia phase of Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:699-705. [PMID: 31094304 PMCID: PMC6747692 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trajectories of declines in learning and retention during the predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT+IR). METHOD Learning was defined by the sum of free recall over three test trials. Retention was defined in two ways: by delayed free recall (DFR) and by savings; DFR adjusted for learning. The performances of 217 incident AD cases from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were aligned based on the time that AD was first diagnosed. The predementia phase of learning and retention decline was assessed using change point models in which cognitive trajectories are described by a series of linear components with knots delineating times of accelerating decline. RESULTS Trajectories for both learning and DFR had two change points: the first at 6.58 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 6.56, 6.60) to 7.29 (95% CI: 6.13, 8.46) years before diagnosis followed by gradual decline over the next 4 years, and a second acceleration of decline 1.89 (0.56, 3.24) to 2.93 (95% CI: 1.56, 4.30) years before diagnosis. The change points for DFR were not significantly earlier in the predementia phase than the change points for learning. Savings had one change point, 5.3 (95% CI: 3.56, 7.04) years before diagnosis. CONCLUSION Both learning and DFR showed similar profiles of decline in the years prior to the clinical diagnosis of AD. When delayed recall was adjusted for initial learning, the measure was less sensitive to early disease. (JINS, 2019, 25, 699-705).
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28
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Rodrigo-Herrero S, Carnero-Pardo C, Méndez-Barrio C, De Miguel-Tristancho M, Graciani-Cantisán E, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Maillet D, Jiménez-Hernández MD, Franco-Macías E. TMA-93 for Diagnosing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison With the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:322-328. [PMID: 31084187 PMCID: PMC10852447 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519848230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMA-93 examines binding by images, an advantage for the less educated individuals. AIM To compare the discriminative validity of TMA-93 against the picture version of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) to distinguish patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NCs) without excluding less educated individuals. METHODS DESIGN Phase I diagnostic evaluation study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 30 patients with aMCI and 30 NCs matched for sociodemographics variables. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The diagnostic accuracy for each test was calculated by conducting receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Hanley and McNeil method was used to compare diagnostic accuracy of different tests on the same sample. RESULTS Up to 41.7% of the sample had less than a first grade of education. Both tests showed excellent diagnostic accuracy. The comparisons did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS TMA-93 is so accurate as FCSRT to differentiate aMCI from controls including less educated individuals. The test could be considered as a choice in this sociodemographic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Carnero-Pardo
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- FIDYAN Neurocenter, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlota Méndez-Barrio
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Graciani-Cantisán
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Didier Maillet
- UF Mémoire et Maladies Neurodégénératives, Service de Neurologie, Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
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29
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Ouvrard C, Berr C, Meillon C, Ribet C, Goldberg M, Zins M, Amieva H. Norms for standard neuropsychological tests from the FrenchCONSTANCEScohort. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:786-793. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ouvrard
- University Bordeaux Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR 1219 F‐33000 Bordeaux France
| | - C. Berr
- Neuropsychiatry Epidemiological and Clinical Research Inserm U1061 University Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - C. Meillon
- University Bordeaux Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR 1219 F‐33000 Bordeaux France
| | - C. Ribet
- UMS 011 Inserm‐UVSQ Population‐based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit Villejuif France
| | - M. Goldberg
- UMS 011 Inserm‐UVSQ Population‐based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit Villejuif France
- Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - M. Zins
- UMS 011 Inserm‐UVSQ Population‐based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit Villejuif France
- Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - H. Amieva
- University Bordeaux Inserm Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR 1219 F‐33000 Bordeaux France
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30
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Torrealba E, Garcia-Morales P, Cejudo JC, Diaz M, Rodriguez-Esparragon F, Fabre O, Mesa-Herrera F, Marin R, Sanchez-Garcia F, Rodriguez-Perez A, Gramunt N. In-Out-Test: A New Paradigm for Sorting the Wheat from the Chaff in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 67:265-277. [PMID: 30530971 PMCID: PMC7836051 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of hippocampal amnesia is helpful to distinguish between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but not for identifying converters to dementia. Here biomarkers are useful but novel neuropsychological approaches are needed in their absence. The In-out-test assesses episodic memory using a new paradigm hypothesized to avoid reliance on executive function, which may compensate for damaged memory networks. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of the In-out-test in identifying prodromal Alzheimer's disease (PAD) in a clinical setting, by comparing this to the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 32 cognitively healthy, 32 MCI, and 30 progressive dementia subjects. All participants were given both the In-out-test and the FCSRT; 40 of them also received a lumbar puncture. RESULTS Internal consistency was demonstrated using Cronbach Alpha (r = 0.81) and Inter-rater reliability with Kappa (k = 0.94). Intraclass correlation (ICC) for test-retest reliability: r = 0.57 (p = 0.57). ICC between the In-out-test and FCSRT r = 0.87 (p = 0.001). ICC between the In-out-test and Aβ42 and P-tau/Aβ42 for controls: 0.73 and 0.75, respectively; P-tau for MCI: 0.77 and total sample: 0.70; Aβ42 for dementia: 0.71. All ICC measures between FCSRT and biomarkers were ≤0.264. AD diagnosis: In-out-test k = 0.71; FCSRT k = 0.49. PAD diagnosis (N = 35): In-out-test k = 0.69; FCSRT k = 0.44. CONCLUSIONS The In-out-test detected prodromal AD with a higher degree of accuracy than a conventional hippocampal-based memory test. These results suggest that this new paradigm could be of value in clinical settings, predicting which patients with MCI will go on to develop AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Torrealba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Cejudo
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Unit, Hospital Sagrat Cor. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Martorell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Diaz
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Fabre
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Fatima Mesa-Herrera
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raquel Marin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Section Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Florentino Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurelio Rodriguez-Perez
- Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nina Gramunt
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Smirni D, Smirni P, Di Martino G, Cipolotti L, Oliveri M, Turriziani P. Standardization and validation of a parallel form of the verbal and non-verbal recognition memory test in an Italian population sample. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1391-1399. [PMID: 29728938 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the neuropsychological assessment of several neurological conditions, recognition memory evaluation is requested. Recognition seems to be more appropriate than recall to study verbal and non-verbal memory, because interferences of psychological and emotional disorders are less relevant in the recognition than they are in recall memory paradigms. In many neurological disorders, longitudinal repeated assessments are needed to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs or pharmacological treatments on the recovery of memory. In order to contain the practice effect in repeated neuropsychological evaluations, it is necessary the use of parallel forms of the tests. Having two parallel forms of the same test, that kept administration procedures and scoring constant, is a great advantage in both clinical practice, for the monitoring of memory disorder, and in experimental practice, to allow the repeated evaluation of memory on healthy and neurological subjects. First aim of the present study was to provide normative values in an Italian sample (n = 160) for a parallel form of a verbal and non-verbal recognition memory battery. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of age and education on recognition memory performance, whereas sex did not reach a significant probability level. Inferential cutoffs have been determined and equivalent scores computed. Secondly, the study aimed to validate the equivalence of the two parallel forms of the Recognition Memory Test. The correlations analyses between the total scores of the two versions of the test and correlation between the three subtasks revealed that the two forms are parallel and the subtasks are equivalent for difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy. .,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Pietro Smirni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lisa Cipolotti
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Turriziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
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