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Ng YS, Chen CY, Cheng SW, Tan YK, Lin SS, Senapin S, Sangsuriya P, Wang HC. WSSV early protein WSSV004 enhances viral replication by suppressing LDH activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132482. [PMID: 38763244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is known to upregulate glycolysis to supply biomolecules and energy for the virus's replication. At the viral genome replication stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a glycolytic enzyme, shows increased activity without any increase in expression. In the present study, yeast 2-hybrid screening was used to identify WSSV proteins that interacted with LvLDH isoform 1 and 2, and these included the WSSV early protein WSSV004. The interaction between WSSV004 and LvLDH1/2 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence showed that WSSV004 co-localized with LvLDH1/2 in the cytoplasm. dsRNA silencing experiments showed that WSSV004 was crucial for WSSV replication. However, although WSSV004 silencing led to the suppression of total LvLDH gene expression during the viral late stage, there was nevertheless a significant increase in LvLDH activity at this time. We also used affinity purification-mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins that interact with WSSV004, and found a total of 108 host proteins and 3 WSSV proteins with which it potentially interacts. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that WSSV004 and its interacting proteins might be responsible for various biological pathways during infection, including vesicular transport machinery and RNA-related functions. Collectively, our study suggests that WSSV004 serves as a multifunctional modulator to facilitate WSSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Siong Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cong-Yan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kent Tan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Liao X, Liu S, Chen S, Shan X, He J, Li C. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of Glycolysis pathway in Litopenaeus vannamei during DIV1 infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109036. [PMID: 37640121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, shrimp farming has experienced significant losses due to the emergence of DIV1 (Decapod iridescent virus 1), an infectious virus with a high fatality rate among shrimp. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analyses on shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes following DIV1 infection and focused on the function of genes in the Glycolysis pathway during DIV1 infection. A total of 2197 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, comprising 1506 up-regulated genes and 691 down-regulated genes. These genes were primarily associated with Phagosome, ECM-Receptor Interaction, Drug Metabolism-Other Enzymes, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed a noteworthy correlation with metabolic pathways, with a specific focus on glucose metabolism. Specifically, the Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathway exhibited significant upregulation following DIV1 infection. In line with this, we observed an augmented accumulation of glycolytic-related metabolites in the hemolymph following DIV1 challenge along with upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of several glycolytic-related genes. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity through RNAi or the use of an inhibitor resulted in reduced lactate production, effectively safeguarding shrimp from DIV1 infection. These findings not only provide a comprehensive dataset for further investigation into DIV1 pathogenesis but also offer valuable insights into the immunometabolism mechanisms that govern shrimp responses to DIV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzheng Liao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sihong Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shihan Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinxin Shan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, PR China.
| | - Chaozheng Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/ State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, PR China.
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Ng YS, Lee DY, Liu CH, Tung CY, He ST, Wang HC. White Spot Syndrome Virus Triggers a Glycolytic Pathway in Shrimp Immune Cells (Hemocytes) to Benefit Its Replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901111. [PMID: 35860260 PMCID: PMC9289281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of a shrimp disease that inflicts in huge economic losses in shrimp-farming industry. WSSV triggers aerobic glycolysis in shrimp immune cells (hemocytes), but how this virus regulates glycolytic enzymes or pathway is yet to be characterized. Therefore, mRNA levels and activity of four important glycolytic enzymes, Hexokinase (HK), Phosphofructokinase (PFK), Pyruvate kinase (PK), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were measured in WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes. Gene expression of HK and PFK, but not LDH or PK, was increased at the viral genome replication stage (12 hpi); furthermore, activity of these enzymes, except HK, was concurrently increased. However, there was no increased enzyme activity at the viral late stage (24 hpi). In vivo dsRNA silencing and glycolysis disruption by 2-DG further confirmed the role of glycolysis in virus replication. Based on tracing studies using stable isotope labeled glucose, glycolysis was activated at the viral genome replication stage, but not at the viral late stage. This study demonstrated that WSSV enhanced glycolysis by activating glycolytic enzyme at the viral genome replication stage, providing energy and biomolecules for virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Siong Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Tung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting He
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Han-Ching Wang,
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Jie YK, Luo ZP, Xie JW, Cheng CH, Ma HL, Liu GX, Jiang JJ, Deng YQ, Feng J, Guo ZX. Characterization of phosphofructokinase (PFK) from mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its role in mud crab dicistrovirus-1 proliferation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:39-46. [PMID: 35367375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase (PFK), the key enzyme of glycolysis, can catalyze the irreversible transphosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate forming fructose-1, 6-biphosphate. In the present study, a PFK gene from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, named SpPFK, was cloned and characterized. The full length of SpPFK contained a 5'untranslated region (UTR) of 249 bp, an open reading frame of 2,859 bp, and a 3'UTR of 1,248 bp. The mRNA of SpPFK was highly expressed in the gill, followed by the hemocytes and muscle. The expression of SpPFK was significantly up-regulated after mud crab dicistrovirus-1 (MCDV-1) infection. Knocking down SpPFK in vivo by RNA interference significantly reduced the expression of lactate dehydrogenase after MCDV-1 infection. Furthermore, silencing of SpPFK in vivo increased the survival rate of mud crabs and decreased the MCDV-1 copies in the gill and hepatopancreas after MCDV-1 infection. All these results suggested that SpPFK could play an important role in the process of MCDV-1 proliferation in mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Jie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Luo
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519070, PR China
| | - Jia-Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Guang-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China.
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He Z, Zhong Y, Hou D, Hu X, Fu Z, Liu L, Zhang S, Sun C. Integrated Analysis of mRNA-Seq and MiRNA-Seq Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the Intestinal Immune Response in Marsupenaeus japonicus Under Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:807093. [PMID: 35116034 PMCID: PMC8804360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.807093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is not only an important digestive organ but also an important immune organ for shrimp; it plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a new type of shrimp-lethal virus that has received extensive attention in recent years. To date, most studies of the shrimp intestinal immune response under viral infections have relied on single omics analyses; there is a lack of systematic multi-omics research. In the current study, intestinal mRNA-seq and microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses of Marsupenaeus japonicus under DIV1 infection were performed. A total of 1,976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, 21 DEMs were negatively correlated with 194 DEGs from a total of 223 correlations. Functional annotation analysis revealed that M. japonicus can regulate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate), vitamin metabolism (retinol metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism), immune pathway activation (Toll and IMD signaling pathways, Wnt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway), immunity enzyme activity promotion (triose-phosphate isomerase), antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis through miRNAs to participate in the host’s antiviral immune response, while DIV1 can influence Warburg effect-related pathways (pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle), glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related pathways (glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—globo and isoglobo series and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—lacto and neolacto series), and the tight junction and adhesion junction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium through the host’s miRNAs and mRNA to promote its own invasion and replication. These results indicate that intestinal miRNAs play important roles in the shrimp immune response against DIV1 infection. This study provides a basis for further study of the shrimp intestinal antiviral immune response and for the formulation of effective new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DIV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunqi Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Danqing Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianye Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhibin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
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Jaree P, Boonchuen P, Thawonsuwan J, Kondo H, Hirono I, Somboonwiwat K. Transcriptome profiling reveals the novel immunometabolism-related genes against WSSV infection from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:31-44. [PMID: 34758397 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been considered a serious threat to shrimp aquaculture. Besides, the activation of cell metabolism as an immune reaction to the virus is now recognized as a piece of the pivotal puzzle of the antiviral responses. Hence, this study explores the relationship between metabolic gene expression and antiviral responses in shrimp using transcriptome analysis. The RNA-seq libraries of Fenneropenaeus merguensis hemocytes after WSSV challenge at early (6 hpi) and late (24 hpi) stages of infection were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that the WSSV subverted the expression. One-hundred-thirty-three DEGs that were expressed in response to WSSV infection at both stages were identified. Based on the GO annotation, they were related to innate immunity and metabolic pathway. The expression correlation between "full term" (NGS) and qRT-PCR of 16 representative DEGs is shown. Noticeably, the expression profiles of all the selected metabolic genes involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism showed a specific correlation between NGS and qRT-PCR upon WSSV infection. Of these, we further characterized the function related to the WSSV response of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (FmGFAT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which was found to be up-regulated at the late stage of WSSV infection. Suppression of FmGFAT by RNA interference resulted in postponing the death of WSSV-infected shrimp and reduction of viral copy number. These results suggested that the FmGFAT is linked between metabolic change and WSSV responses in shrimp, where the virus-induced metabolic rewiring hijack biological compounds and/or energy sources to benefit the viral replication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattarunda Jaree
- Center of Applied Shrimp Research and Innovation, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Boonchuen
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Jumroensri Thawonsuwan
- Songkhla Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Department of Fisheries, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Liao X, Wang C, Wang B, Qin H, Hu S, Wang P, Sun C, Zhang S. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei Reveals That Triosephosphate Isomerase-Like Genes Play an Important Role During Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1904. [PMID: 32983114 PMCID: PMC7485339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) results in severe economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. However, little is known about the physiological effect of DIV1 infection on the host. In this study, we found that the lethal dose 50 of DIV1-infected Litopenaeus vannamei after 48, 72, 96, and 156 h were 4.86 × 106, 5.07 × 105, 2.13 × 105, and 2.38 × 104 copies/μg DNA, respectively. In order to investigate the mechanisms of DIV1 infection, a comparative transcriptome analysis of hemocytes from L. vannamei, infected or not with DIV1, was conducted. The BUSCO analysis showed that the transcriptome was with high completeness (complete single-copy BUSCOs: 57.3%, complete duplicated BUSCOs: 41.1%, fragmentation: 0.8%, missing: 0.8%). A total of 168,854 unigenes were assembled, with an average length of 601 bp. Based on homology searches, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene ontology (GO), and cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (KOG) analysis, 62,270 (36.88%) unigenes were annotated. Among them, 1,112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 889 genes were up-regulated and 223 genes were down-regulated after DIV1 infection. These genes were mainly annotated to the major metabolic processes such as fructose and mannose metabolism, carbon metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism. Among these metabolic pathways, the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) family was the most eye-catching DEG as it participates in several metabolic processes. Three types of TPI, LvTPI-like, LvTPI-Blike, and LvTPI-Blike1, were obtained for gene silencing by RNA interference. The results showed that LvTPI-like and LvTPI-Blike1 silencing caused a high mortality rate among L. vannamei. However, LvTPI-like and LvTPI-Blike silencing reduced DIV1 replication in DIV1-infected L. vannamei. All the results indicated that TPI-like genes play an important role during DIV1 infection, which provides valuable insight into the infection mechanism of DIV1 in shrimp and may aid in preventing viral diseases in shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzheng Liao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haipeng Qin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shikang Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hainan Zhongzheng Aquatic Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Hainan, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
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Li Y, Han Z, Xu W, Li X, Zhao Y, Wei H, Li X, Chen Q. Antioxidant and immune responses of the Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense to the isopod parasite Tachaea chinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:78-87. [PMID: 32209399 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tachaea chinensis is a parasitic isopod that negatively affects the production of several commercially important shrimp species in China. To date, there have been no reports on the antioxidant and immune responses of host shrimps to isopod parasite infection or their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we examined the specific activities of the immune and antioxidant enzymes of the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense during the course of a 15-day isopod infection and evaluated expression of related genes. Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed significant peaks over 15 days of exposure in both the hepatopancreas and muscle (P < 0.05), whereas catalase (CAT) activity increased continuously during infection (P < 0.05), and lysozyme (LZM) activity increased only in the hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). After 6 days of exposure, expressions of glutathione S-transferase (GST), ACP, and AKP were significantly higher than at 12 days. Compared with the control group, at 12 days, S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione dehydrogenase activity and glutathione metabolism pathways were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and antigen processing and presentation pathways were also significantly inhibited at 12 days compared with that at 6 days (P < 0.05), indicating that T. chinensis parasitism could perturb the antioxidant and immune systems of shrimp hosts during the latter stages of infection. Additionally, the molting and mortality rates of M. nipponense increased the duration of parasitism. These findings indicate that M. nipponense can activate antioxidant and immune defense systems during the early period during isopod parasitism, whereas the parasite can negatively affect these host defense systems during the latter period. Our findings accordingly provide valuable insights into the antioxidant defense systems and immune function characterizing parasite-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibin Han
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Weibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China.
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Yang F, Li S, Xiang J, Zhao X, Li F. Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of the shrimp STAT on host chitin-binding domain containing proteins and energy metabolism process during WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:345-357. [PMID: 32184190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is suggested to enhance the infection of WSSV in crustaceans. However, the regulation mechanism of this process is not quite clear. Here, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed among shrimps before and after Litopenaeus vannamei STAT (LvSTAT) was silenced by dsRNA approach during WSSV infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common in the STAT-interfered groups and control groups at different times after WSSV infection were analyzed to acquire the genes probably regulated by LvSTAT. DEGs annotation and further GO terms enrichment analyses revealed that the identified DEGs mainly contained two categories, chitin-binding domain containing proteins and energy metabolism related genes. The former mainly included cuticle proteins, thrombospondins (TSPs) and peritrophin, while the later mainly included hexose catabolic process and glycolysis related genes. Two cuticle proteins and two TSPs were further studied to learn their expression changes during WSSV infection. They were significantly regulated during WSSV infection, implying the involvement of chitin-binding domain containing protein in the invasion process of WSSV. Systematic analysis on the glycolysis and lipid synthesis pathway demonstrated that silencing of LvSTAT could reduce the glycolysis efficiency and the production of lipids. It could be speculated that a favorable function of LvSTAT for WSSV replication existed by regulating the energy metabolism of the host. Through revealing the main category of genes and biological processes regulated by STAT, our study could shed new light on the roles of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in shrimp during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xingming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Li FX, Zhang YS, Yao CL. Characterization and role of PGK from Litopenaeus vannamei in WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:144-152. [PMID: 31326584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3, PGK) catalyses the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid and ADP to produce 3-phosphoglyceric acid and ATP, which represents the initial production of ATP during glycolysis; therefore, PGK is a key enzyme in the energy metabolism. To study the role of PGK in the resistance to WSSV infection in shrimp, the full-length cDNA of the PGK gene (LvPGK) from Litopenaeus vannamei was obtained by using homology cloning and RACE amplification. The tissue distribution of LvPGK and its expression changes in the main immune tissues after WSSV stimulation were obtained by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to study the role of LvPGK in shrimp defending against WSSV infection. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of LvPGK was 1855 bp, contained a 1248 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 415 amino acids, and included a conserved PGK domain. LvPGK presented ubiquitous expression in most examined tissues, with the most predominant expression in the muscle and the weakest expression in the intestine. LvPGK transcripts could be induced in the hemocytes and hepatopancreas by injection with WSSV. Both the replication of WSSV and the shrimp cumulative mortality decreased significantly after LvPGK knockdown (P < 0.01). After challenging LvPGK RNAi shrimp with WSSV, the concentration of glucose in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissue did not show significant change; however, the content of pyruvate and lactate decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant decreases in the expression levels of crustin, ALF1, ALF2 and ALF3 were also detected. The results suggested that LvPGK might be involved in WSSV replication by increasing host aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xiang Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | | | - Cui-Luan Yao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China.
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11
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Zhang YS, Li FX, Yao CL. Glycogen phosphorylase of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Structure, expression and anti-WSSV function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:275-283. [PMID: 31125663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP, EC 2.4.1.1) catalyze the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis in animals, forming glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond. Therefore, GP plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequence of GP (LvGP) was cloned from shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The obtained 3242-bp LvGP cDNA sequence included a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 48 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 2559 bp encoding a polypeptide of 852 amino acids (aa) and a 3'-UTR of 635 bp. The predicted LvGP protein sequence contained a typical phosphorylase domain (113-829 aa) and shared 72%-97% identities with GP from other species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvGP showed the closest relationship with GP from Marsupenaeus japonicus. Tissue expression profiles showed that LvGP existed in most examined tissues, with the most predominant expression in the brain, followed by the muscles and stomach. LvGP transcripts in hepatopancreas and hemocytes were up regulated after the WSSV challenge. Furthermore, the role of LvGP in shrimp defending against WSSV infection was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi). Our findings showed that WSSV proliferation and shrimp accumulative mortality increased significantly after LvGP RNAi (P < 0.01). The glycogen, glucose, and pyruvate content decreased in GP RNAi shrimp after WSSV injection, however, the lactate and ATP concentration enhanced. Moreover, lectin and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor2 (ALF2) were induced in LvGP silencing shrimp after WSSV infection, whereas the expression levels of crustin, ALF1 and ALF3 decreased. Our results suggested that the LvGP might play a crucial role in shrimp defending against WSSV infection by regulating metabolism and affecting the anti-infectious gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei-Xiang Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Cui-Luan Yao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Rodríguez-Bolaños M, Perez-Montfort R. Medical and Veterinary Importance of the Moonlighting Functions of Triosephosphate Isomerase. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:304-315. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666181026170751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase is the fifth enzyme in glycolysis and its canonical function is the
reversible isomerization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Within the
last decade multiple other functions, that may not necessarily always involve catalysis, have been described.
These include variations in the degree of its expression in many types of cancer and participation
in the regulation of the cell cycle. Triosephosphate isomerase may function as an auto-antigen and
in the evasion of the immune response, as a factor of virulence of some organisms, and also as an important
allergen, mainly in a variety of seafoods. It is an important factor to consider in the cryopreservation
of semen and seems to play a major role in some aspects of the development of Alzheimer's disease. It
also seems to be responsible for neurodegenerative alterations in a few cases of human triosephosphate
isomerase deficiency. Thus, triosephosphate isomerase is an excellent example of a moonlighting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodríguez-Bolaños
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Estructural, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Ruy Perez-Montfort
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Estructural, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Chi PI, Huang WR, Chiu HC, Li JY, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Avian reovirus σA-modulated suppression of lactate dehydrogenase and upregulation of glutaminolysis and the mTOC1/eIF4E/HIF-1α pathway to enhance glycolysis and the TCA cycle for virus replication. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12946. [PMID: 30156372 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy source for many types of viruses for facilitating virus replication. This is the first report to demonstrate that the structural protein σA of avian reovirus (ARV) functions as an activator of cellular energy. Three cellular factors, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 subunit beta (IDH3B), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (vATPase) co-immunoprecipitated with ARV σA and were identified by 2D-LC/MS/MS. ARV enhances glycolytic flux through upregulation of glycolytic enzymes. Increased ATP levels in both ARV-infected and σA-transfected cells were observed by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based genetically encoded indicator, Ateams. Furthermore, σA upregulates IDH3B and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) to promote glutaminolysis, activating HIF-1α. Both HIF-1α level and viral yield in IDH3B-depleted and glutamine-deprived cells, and inhibition of glutaminolysis was significantly reduced. The σAR155/273A mutant loses its ability to enter the nucleolus, impairing its ability to regulate glycolysis. In addition, we have identified the conserved untranslated regions (UTR) of the 5'- and 3'-termini of the ARV genome segments that are required for viral protein synthesis in an ATP-dependent manner. Deletion of either the 5'- or 3'-UTR impaired viral protein synthesis. Knockdown of σA reduced the ATP level and significantly decreased virus yield, suggesting that σA enhances ATP formation to promote virus replication. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into σA-modulated suppression of LDHA and activation of IDH3B and GDH to activate the mTORC1/eIF4E/HIF-1α pathways to upregulate glycolysis and the TCA cycle for virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-I Chi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yi Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Song F, Wang J, Zhang Z, Xiang J. Enzymatic characterization and functional analysis of EcChi3C from ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:448-456. [PMID: 29274423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases family 18 and plays key role in the development and pathogen resistance of crustaceans. In this study, the enzymatic characterization of chitinase 3C (EcChi3C) of Exopalaemon carinicauda was analyzed. In addition, we analyzed the expression profiles of EcChi3C at different tissues and different molting stages. In the all tested tissues, it was predominantly expressed in hepatopancreas, and then stomach, but poor in other tissues. In all tested molting periods, it was mainly expressed in intermolt and molting stages, but poor in other stages. The results of molting, mortality and the uropod ultrastructure of prawns after being injected with EcChi3C dsRNA were in accordance with those of the control group. In addition, there is no difference for endopodite morphology between the survival and dead individuals in experimental group. After being challenged with bacteria, the expression of EcChi3C was up-regulated significantly at 12 h and followed with a comeback at 96 h. These results suggest that EcChi3C is an important immune related gene but not a necessary gene in the molting process of E. carinicauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China; College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Fengge Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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