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Ortega L, Carrera C, Muñoz-Flores C, Salazar S, Villegas MF, Starck MF, Valenzuela A, Agurto N, Montesino R, Astuya A, Parra N, Pérez ET, Santibáñez N, Romero A, Ruíz P, Lamazares E, Reyes F, Sánchez O, Toledo JR, Acosta J. New insight into the biological activity of Salmo salar NK-lysin antimicrobial peptides. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1191966. [PMID: 38655253 PMCID: PMC11035819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1191966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
NK-lysin is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. NK-lysin is a type of granulysin, a member of the saposin-like proteins family first isolated from a pig's small intestine. In previous work, for the first time, we identified four variants of nk-lysin from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using EST sequences. In the present study, we reported and characterized two additional transcripts of NK-lysin from S. salar. Besides, we evaluated the tissue distribution of three NK-lysins from S. salar and assessed the antimicrobial, hemolytic, and immunomodulatory activities and signaling pathways of three NK-lysin-derived peptides. The synthetic peptides displayed antimicrobial activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis (LF-89) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. These peptides induced the expression of immune genes related to innate and adaptive immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The immunomodulatory activity of the peptides involves the mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated signaling pathway, including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and/or c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Besides, the peptides modulated the immune response induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Our findings show that NK-lysin could be a highly effective immunostimulant or vaccine adjuvant for use in fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Crisleri Carrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Santiago Salazar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Milton F. Villegas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María F. Starck
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Niza Agurto
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Allisson Astuya
- Laboratorio de Genómica Marina y Cultivo Celular, Departamento de Oceanografía y Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur Oriental (COPAS) Sur-Austral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalie Parra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ercilia T. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP), Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natacha Santibáñez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP), Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alex Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP), Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Ruíz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Emilio Lamazares
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fátima Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos Recombinantes, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos Recombinantes, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Cervera L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides Fail to Induce Leucocyte Innate Immune Functions but Elicit Opposing Transcriptomic Profiles in European Sea Bass and Gilthead Seabream. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38393057 PMCID: PMC10889969 DOI: 10.3390/md22020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising molecules in diverse fields, including aquaculture. AMPs possess lytic effects on a wide range of pathogens, resulting in a potential replacement for traditional antimicrobials in aquaculture. In addition, they also have modulatory effects on host immune responses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory capability of three known synthetic AMPs derived from European sea bass, NK-lysin (Nkl), hepcidin (Hamp), and dicentracin (Dic), in head-kidney cell suspensions from European sea bass and gilthead seabream. The tested peptides were neither cytotoxic for European sea bass nor gilthead seabream cells and failed to modulate the respiratory burst and phagocytosis activities. However, they modified the pattern of transcription of immune-related genes differently in both species. Peptides were able to promote the expression of marker genes for anti-inflammatory (il10), antiviral (mx, irf3), cell-mediated cytotoxicity (nccrp1, gzmb), and antibody responses (ighm) in European sea bass, with the Nkl peptide being the most effective. Contrary to this, the effects of those peptides on gilthead seabream mainly resulted in the suppression of immune responses. To conclude, European sea bass-derived peptides can be postulated as potential tools for immunostimulation in European sea bass fish farms, but more efforts are required for their universal use in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.C.)
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.C.)
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Yang Y, Song X, Cui N, Lei T, Huang Y, Shi Y, Hu Y, Zhou X, Zhao Z. Functional characterization of obscure puffer ToNK-lysin: A novel immunomodulator possessing anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109080. [PMID: 37748586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins are one of the most abundant antimicrobial peptides produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NKs), and identified as a new class of intrinsically disordered proteins, playing critical roles in the cell-mediated cytotoxicity response, as well as immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities upon a significant range of pathogens. In the present study, an NK-lysin was identified from Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus (ToNK-lysin). The open reading frame of ToNK-lysin sequence spans 423 bp, encoding a peptide with 140 amino acids which shares a moderate residue identity (18%-60%) with NK-lysin of mammals and other teleost species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ToNK-lysin was most closely related to NK-lysins from the Pleuronectiformes (Bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis). Comprehensive computational analysis revealed that ToNK-lysin have substantial level of intrinsic disorder, which might be contribute to its multifunction. The transcripts of the ToNK-lysin were detected in multiple examined tissues and most abundant in gills. After bacterial and Poly I:C challenge, the transcriptional levels of ToNK-lysin were significantly up-regulated in the head kidney, liver and spleen at different time points. The recombinant ToNK-lysin showed significant antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Escherichia coli, and the ToNK-lysin treatment not only reduced the bacterial loads in liver and head kidney, but also alleviated the pathogen-mediated upregulation of immune-related genes. In addition, the co-incubation with rToNK-lysin protein remarkably degraded bacterial genomic DNA, suggesting the potential mechanism of ToNK-lysin against microbes. These results suggest that ToNK-lysin possess antibacterial and immunoregulatory function both in vivo and in vitro, which may allow it a potential applicability to the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Tianying Lei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- Jiangsu Innovation Center of Marine Bioresource, Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Xinghu Zhou
- Jiangsu Innovation Center of Marine Bioresource, Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
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Wang CB, Yan X, Wang GH, Liu WQ, Wang Y, Hao DF, Liu HM, Zhang M. NKHs27, a sevenband grouper NK-Lysin peptide that possesses immunoregulatory and antimicrobial activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108715. [PMID: 37001746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an effective and broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide, NK-Lysin is attracted more and more attention at present. However, the functions and action mechanism of NK-Lysin peptides are still not comprehensive enough at present. In this study, a sevenband grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus) NK-Lysin peptide, NKHs27, was identified and synthesized, and its biological functions were studied. The results indicated that NKHs27 shares 44.44%∼88.89% overall sequence identities with other teleost NK-Lysin peptides. The following antibacterial activity assay exhibited that NKHs27 was active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Additionally, NKHs27 showed a synergistic effect when it was combined with rifampicin or erythromycin. In the process of interaction with the L. anguillarum cells, NKHs27 changed the cell membrane permeability and retained its morphological integrity, then penetrated into the cytoplasm to act on genomic DNA or total RNA. Then, in vitro studies showed that NKHs27 could enhance the respiratory burst ability of macrophages and upregulate immune-related genes expression in it. Moreover, NKHs27 incubation improved the proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes significantly. Finally, in vivo studies showed that administration of NKHs27 prior to bacterial infection significantly reduced pathogen dissemination and replication in tissues. In summary, these results provide new insights into the function of NK-Lysin peptides in teleost and support that NKHs27, as a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide, has potential applications in aquaculture against pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Biao Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Xue Yan
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Guang-Hua Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Dong-Fang Hao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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Yu SS, Zhao ZH, Gong XF, Fan XL, Lin ZH, Chen J. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of beta-defensin from the Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104264. [PMID: 34551359 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The β-defensins are important components of the vertebrate innate immune system. While mammalian β-defensins have wide-ranging antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities, those of amphibians remain largely uncharacterised. In this study, β-defensin cDNA was identified from the skin transcriptome of the Chinese spiny frog Quasipaa spinosa. This β-defensin (QS-BD) consists of a signal and a mature peptide. Sequence alignments with other amphibian β-defensins showed conservation of the functional mature peptide and that its closest relative is β-defensin from Zhangixalus puerensis. Synthetic QS-BD showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi, Streptococcus iniae, and Aeromonas hydrophila. QS-BD showed bactericidal activity by destroying the cell membrane integrity, but did not hydrolyse genomic DNA. QS-BD treatment promoted respiratory bursts and upregulated the expression of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in the murine leukemic monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7. This is the first demonstration of immunomodulatory activity by an amphibian β-defensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Sheng Yu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China; Ecological Forestry Development Center of Suichang County, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Zhao
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gong
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China; Ecological Forestry Development Center of Suichang County, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Fan
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
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Valero Y, González-Fernández C, Cárdenas C, Guzmán F, León R, Cuesta A. NK-lysin peptides ameliorate viral encephalopathy and retinopathy disease signs and provide partial protection against nodavirus infection in European sea bass. Antiviral Res 2021; 192:105104. [PMID: 34087253 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) comprise a wide range of small molecules with direct antibacterial activity and immunostimulatory role and are proposed as promising substitutes of the antibiotics. Additionally, they also exert a role against other pathogens such as viruses and fungi less evaluated. NK-lysin, a human granulysin orthologue, possess a double function, taking part in the innate immunity as AMP and also as direct effector in the cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response. This molecule is suggested as a pivotal molecule involved in the defence upon nervous necrosis virus (NNV), an epizootic virus provoking serious problems in welfare and health status in Asian and Mediterranean fish destined to human consumption. Having proved that NK-lysin derived peptides (NKLPs) have a direct antiviral activity against NNV in vitro, we aimed to evaluate their potential use as a prophylactic treatment for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), one of the most susceptible cultured-fish species. Thus, intramuscular injection of synthetic NKLPs resulted in a very low transcriptional response of some innate and adaptive immune markers. However, the injection of NKLPs ameliorated disease signs and increased fish survival upon challenge with pathogenic NNV. Although NKLPs showed promising results in treatments against NNV, more efforts are needed to understand their mechanisms of action and their applicability to the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Constanza Cárdenas
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 2110, Huelva, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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