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Shi J, Gong X, Song Z, Xie W, Yang Y, Sun X, Wei P, Wang C, Zhao G. EPAT: a user-friendly MATLAB toolbox for EEG/ERP data processing and analysis. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1384250. [PMID: 38812743 PMCID: PMC11133744 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1384250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background At the intersection of neural monitoring and decoding, event-related potential (ERP) based on electroencephalography (EEG) has opened a window into intrinsic brain function. The stability of ERP makes it frequently employed in the field of neuroscience. However, project-specific custom code, tracking of user-defined parameters, and the large diversity of commercial tools have limited clinical application. Methods We introduce an open-source, user-friendly, and reproducible MATLAB toolbox named EPAT that includes a variety of algorithms for EEG data preprocessing. It provides EEGLAB-based template pipelines for advanced multi-processing of EEG, magnetoencephalography, and polysomnogram data. Participants evaluated EEGLAB and EPAT across 14 indicators, with satisfaction ratings analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired t-test based on distribution normality. Results EPAT eases EEG signal browsing and preprocessing, EEG power spectrum analysis, independent component analysis, time-frequency analysis, ERP waveform drawing, and topological analysis of scalp voltage. A user-friendly graphical user interface allows clinicians and researchers with no programming background to use EPAT. Conclusion This article describes the architecture, functionalities, and workflow of the toolbox. The release of EPAT will help advance EEG methodology and its application to clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Gong
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ziang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Penghu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guoguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
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Grootjans Y, Harrewijn A, Fornari L, Janssen T, de Bruijn ERA, van Atteveldt N, Franken IHA. Getting closer to social interactions using electroencephalography in developmental cognitive neuroscience. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101391. [PMID: 38759529 PMCID: PMC11127236 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of developmental cognitive neuroscience is advancing rapidly, with large-scale, population-wide, longitudinal studies emerging as a key means of unraveling the complexity of the developing brain and cognitive processes in children. While numerous neuroscientific techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have proved advantageous in such investigations, this perspective proposes a renewed focus on electroencephalography (EEG), leveraging underexplored possibilities of EEG. In addition to its temporal precision, low costs, and ease of application, EEG distinguishes itself with its ability to capture neural activity linked to social interactions in increasingly ecologically valid settings. Specifically, EEG can be measured during social interactions in the lab, hyperscanning can be used to study brain activity in two (or more) people simultaneously, and mobile EEG can be used to measure brain activity in real-life settings. This perspective paper summarizes research in these three areas, making a persuasive argument for the renewed inclusion of EEG into the toolkit of developmental cognitive and social neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Grootjans
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Fornari
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology & Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tieme Janssen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology & Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nienke van Atteveldt
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology & Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kulkarni N, Lega BC. Episodic boundaries affect neural features of representational drift in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.20.553078. [PMID: 37662212 PMCID: PMC10473664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.20.553078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A core feature of episodic memory is representational drift, the gradual change in aggregate oscillatory features that supports temporal association of memory items. However, models of drift overlook the role of episodic boundaries, which indicate a shift from prior to current context states. Our study focuses on the impact of task boundaries on representational drift in the parietal and temporal lobes in 99 subjects during a free recall task. Using intracranial EEG recordings, we show boundary representations reset gamma band drift in the medial parietal lobe, selectively enhancing the recall of early list (primacy) items. Conversely, the lateral temporal cortex shows increased drift for recalled items but lacked sensitivity to task boundaries. Our results suggest regional sensitivity to varied contextual features: the lateral temporal cortex uses drift to differentiate items, while the medial parietal lobe uses drift-resets to associate items with the current context. We propose drift represents relational information tailored to a region's sensitivity to unique contextual elements. Our findings offer a mechanism to integrate models of temporal association by drift with event segmentation by episodic boundaries.
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Pan H, Zhang Y, Li L, Qin X. A design and implementation of multi-character classification scheme based on motor imagery EEG signals. Neuroscience 2024; 538:22-29. [PMID: 38072171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the field of brain-to-text communication, it is difficult to finish highly dexterous behaviors of writing multi-character by motor-imagery-based brain-computer interface (MI-BCI), setting a barrier to restore communication in people who have lost the ability to move and speak. In this paper, we design and implement a multi-character classification scheme based on 29 characters of motor imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which contains 26 English letters and 3 punctuation marks. Firstly, we design a novel experimental paradigm to increase the variety of BCI inputs by asking subjects to imagine the movement of writing 29 characters instead of gross motor skills such as reaching or grasping. Secondly, because of the high dimension of EEG signals, we adopt power spectral density (PSD), principal components analysis (PCA), kernel principal components analysis (KPCA) respectively to decompose EEG signals and extract feature, and then test the results with pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PCCs). Thirdly, we respectively employ k-nearest neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machine (ELM) and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) to classify 29 characters and compare the results. We have implemented a complete scheme, including paradigm design, signal acquisition, feature extraction and classification, which can effectively classify 29 characters. The experimental results show that the KPCA has the best feature extraction effect and the kNN has the highest classification accuracy, with the final classification accuracy reaching 96.2%, which is better than other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Pan
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electrical Equipment Condition Monitoring and Power Supply Security, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yibo Zhang
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electrical Equipment Condition Monitoring and Power Supply Security, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electrical Equipment Condition Monitoring and Power Supply Security, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- College of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electrical Equipment Condition Monitoring and Power Supply Security, Xi'an 710054, China
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Rawls E, Marquardt CA, Fix ST, Bernat E, Sponheim SR. Posttraumatic reexperiencing and alcohol use: mediofrontal theta as a neural mechanism for negative reinforcement. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.547253. [PMID: 37502872 PMCID: PMC10370024 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.547253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective Over half of US military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) use alcohol heavily, potentially to cope with their symptoms. This study investigated the neural underpinnings of PTSD symptoms and heavy drinking in veterans. We focused on brain responses to salient outcomes within predictive coding theory. This framework suggests the brain generates prediction errors (PEs) when outcomes deviate from expectations. Alcohol use might provide negative reinforcement by reducing the salience of negatively-valenced PEs and dampening experiences like loss. Methods We analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) responses to unpredictable gain/loss feedback in veterans of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. We used time-frequency principal components analysis of event-related potentials to isolate neural responses indicative of PEs, identifying mediofrontal theta linked to losses (feedback-related negativity, FRN) and central delta associated with gains (reward positivity, RewP). Results Intrusive reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD were associated with intensified mediofrontal theta signaling during losses, suggesting heightened negative PE sensitivity. Conversely, increased hazardous alcohol use was associated with reduced theta responses, implying a dampening of these negative PEs. The separate delta-RewP component showed associations with alcohol use but not PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Findings suggest a common neural component of PTSD and hazardous alcohol use involving altered PE processing. We suggest that reexperiencing enhances the intensity of salient negative PEs, while chronic alcohol use may reduce their intensity, thereby providing negative reinforcement by muting emotional disruption from reexperienced trauma. Modifying the mediofrontal theta response could address the intertwined nature of PTSD symptoms and alcohol use, providing new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota
| | - Spencer T Fix
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Edward Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota
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Fu R, Li Z, Wang S, Xu D, Huang X, Liang H. EEG-based driver states discrimination by noise fraction analysis and novel clustering algorithm. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023:bmt-2022-0395. [PMID: 36848391 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Driver states are reported as one of the principal factors in driving safety. Distinguishing the driving driver state based on the artifact-free electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is an effective means, but redundant information and noise will inevitably reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the EEG signal. This study proposes a method to automatically remove electrooculography (EOG) artifacts by noise fraction analysis. Specifically, multi-channel EEG recordings are collected after the driver experiences a long time driving and after a certain period of rest respectively. Noise fraction analysis is then applied to remove EOG artifacts by separating the multichannel EEG into components by optimizing the signal-to-noise quotient. The representation of data characteristics of the EEG after denoising is found in the Fisher ratio space. Additionally, a novel clustering algorithm is designed to identify denoising EEG by combining cluster ensemble and probability mixture model (CEPM). The EEG mapping plot is used to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of noise fraction analysis on the denoising of EEG signals. Adjusted rand index (ARI) and accuracy (ACC) are used to demonstrate clustering performance and precision. The results showed that the noise artifacts in the EEG were removed and the clustering accuracy of all participants was above 90%, resulting in a high driver fatigue recognition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Fu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zheyu Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Jiangxi New Energy Technology Institute, Xinyu, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Buzzell GA, Morales S, Valadez EA, Hunnius S, Fox NA. Maximizing the potential of EEG as a developmental neuroscience tool. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101201. [PMID: 36732112 PMCID: PMC10150174 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George A Buzzell
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, USA; Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA.
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Emilio A Valadez
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland - College Park, USA
| | - Sabine Hunnius
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland - College Park, USA
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