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Benalcázar-Jalkh EB, Bergamo ETP, Campos TMB, Coelho PG, Sailer I, Yamaguchi S, Alves LMM, Witek L, Tebcherani SM, Bonfante EA. A Narrative Review on Polycrystalline Ceramics for Dental Applications and Proposed Update of a Classification System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7541. [PMID: 38138684 PMCID: PMC10744432 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Dental zirconias have been broadly utilized in dentistry due to their high mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Although initially introduced in dentistry as an infrastructure material, the high rate of technical complications related to veneered porcelain has led to significant efforts to improve the optical properties of dental zirconias, allowing for its monolithic indication. Modifications in the composition, processing methods/parameters, and the increase in the yttrium content and cubic phase have been presented as viable options to improve zirconias' translucency. However, concerns regarding the hydrothermal stability of partially stabilized zirconia and the trade-off observed between optical and mechanical properties resulting from the increased cubic content remain issues of concern. While the significant developments in polycrystalline ceramics have led to a wide diversity of zirconia materials with different compositions, properties, and clinical indications, the implementation of strong, esthetic, and sufficiently stable materials for long-span fixed dental prostheses has not been completely achieved. Alternatives, including advanced polycrystalline composites, functionally graded structures, and nanosized zirconia, have been proposed as promising pathways to obtain high-strength, hydrothermally stable biomaterials. Considering the evolution of zirconia ceramics in dentistry, this manuscript aims to present a critical perspective as well as an update to previous classifications of dental restorative ceramics, focusing on polycrystalline ceramics, their properties, indications, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto B. Benalcázar-Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmara T. P. Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tiago M. B. Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Irena Sailer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Larissa M. M. Alves
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Sérgio M. Tebcherani
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato Km 04, Ponta Grossa 84016-210, PR, Brazil;
| | - Estevam A. Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
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