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Paumier M, Coussement J, Matignon M, Chauvet C, Bouvier N, Poncelet A, Dantal J, Scemla A, Ceunen H, Van Wijngaerden E, Kamar N, van der Beek MT, Wunderink HF, De Greef J, Candon S, Bougnoux ME, Lebeaux D. (1-3)-ß-D-glucan for the diagnosis of Nocardia infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116184. [PMID: 38241921 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Paumier
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie. AP-HP, Hôpital Necker enfants malades; 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Julien Coussement
- University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Matignon
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Department, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor/Albert-Chenevier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil 94010, France.; IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), VIC (Virus-Immunité-Cancer), DHU (Département Hospitalo-Universitaire), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), INSERM U955, Equipe 21, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Cécile Chauvet
- Service de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Edouard HERRIOT, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Bouvier
- Service de Néphrologie, Université de Caen - Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Arthur Poncelet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CUB-Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Dantal
- ITUN (Institut de Transplantation, d'Urologie et de Néphrologie), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Scemla
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS Centaure, Labex Transplantex, Paris, France
| | - Helga Ceunen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Wijngaerden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation,; Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, INSERM UMR, Toulouse 1291, France; Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Martha T van der Beek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman F Wunderink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julien De Greef
- Service de Médecine interne et Maladies infectieuses, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Candon
- CHU de Rouen Normandie, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie. AP-HP, Hôpital Necker enfants malades; 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity Unit - INRA USC Mycology Department, Paris 75015, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris 75015, France.; Service de Microbiologie, Unité Mobile d'Infectiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, Paris 75015, France..
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2
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Bigot J, Leroy J, Chouaki T, Cholley L, Bigé N, Tabone MD, Brissot E, Thorez S, Maizel J, Dupont H, Sendid B, Hennequin C, Guitard J. ß-D-Glucan Assay in the Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Non-cryptococcal Fungal Infection of the Central Nervous System: A Retrospective Multicentric Analysis and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:711-720. [PMID: 37132362 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for cryptococcosis, fungal infection of the central nervous system (FI-CNS) is a rare but severe complication. Clinical and radiological signs are non-specific, and the value of conventional mycological diagnosis is very low. This study aimed to assess the value of β1,3-D-glucan (BDG) detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-neonatal non-cryptococcosis patients. METHODS Cases associated with BDG assay in the CSF performed in 3 French University Hospitals over 5 years were included. Clinical, radiological, and mycological results were used to classify the episodes as proven/highly probable, probable, excluded, and unclassified FI-CNS. Sensitivity and specificity were compared to that calculated from an exhaustive review of the literature. RESULTS In total, 228 episodes consisting of 4, 7, 177, and 40 proven/highly probable, probable, excluded, and unclassified FI-CNS, respectively, were analysed. The sensitivity of BDG assay in CSF to diagnose proven/highly probable/probable FI-CNS ranged from 72.7% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 43.4%‒90.2%] to 100% [95% CI: 51%‒100%] in our study and was 82% in the literature. For the first time, specificity could be calculated over a large panel of pertinent controls and was found at 81.8% [95% CI: 75.3%‒86.8%]. Bacterial neurologic infections were associated with several false positive results. CONCLUSIONS Despite its sub-optimal performance, BDG assay in the CSF should be added to the diagnostic armamentarium for FI-CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Jordan Leroy
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Univ. Lille, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis & Clinical Applications, Inserm U1285, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Taieb Chouaki
- Mycology Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Laurence Cholley
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Radiologie Générale, Paris, France
| | - Naïke Bigé
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Réanimation Médicale, Paris, France
- Department of Intensive Care, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Tabone
- Département d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thorez
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital St Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Maizel
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Dupont
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Surgical ICU, University Hospital of Amiens Picardy, Amiens, France
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Unité de recherche 7518 SSPC, CHU Amiens Picardie, Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation Polyvalente, Amiens, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Univ. Lille, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis & Clinical Applications, Inserm U1285, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Guitard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
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Yetmar ZA, Challener DW, Seville MT, Bosch W, Theel ES, Beam E. 1,3-β-D-glucan testing for nocardiosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13991. [PMID: 36349706 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Yetmar
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas W Challener
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Seville
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Wendelyn Bosch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Elitza S Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elena Beam
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Ringer M, Radcliffe C, Kerantzas CA, Malinis M, Azar MM. Nocardiosis and elevated beta-d-glucan in solid organ transplant recipients. IDCases 2021; 26:e01322. [PMID: 34786341 PMCID: PMC8577490 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-D-glucan (BDG) testing can expedite the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Elevated BDG levels have been reported in both in-vitro studies assessing cross-reactivity with Nocardia spp. and published cases of patients with nocardiosis, but there is little data on this association in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. To explore this association, we conducted a case series of SOT recipients with culture-proven nocardiosis and BDG testing who received their care at our institution between 2016 and 2021. We found thirteen cases of nocardiosis in SOT recipients, of which three cases met our case definition of an elevated BDG. Their clinical courses are detailed in the present report. We found that BDG may be elevated in SOT with nocardiosis with no identified cause of false positive BDG, though a causal association cannot be determined. Future prospective studies that better evaluate the association between nocardiosis and BDG are warranted, as are studies that better characterize the possible variability in reactivity amongst Nocardia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ringer
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Radcliffe
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Correspondence to: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, PO Box 208022, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | | - Maricar Malinis
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marwan M. Azar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Specificity Influences in (1→3)-β-d-Glucan-Supported Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:jof7010014. [PMID: 33383818 PMCID: PMC7824349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1→3)-β-glucan (BDG) testing as an adjunct in the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease (IFD) has been in use for nearly three decades. While BDG has a very high negative predictive value in this setting, diagnostic false positives may occur, limiting specificity and positive predictive value. Although results may be diagnostically false positive, they are analytically correct, due to the presence of BDG in the circulation. This review surveys the non-IFD causes of elevated circulating BDG. These are in the main, iatrogenic patient contamination through the use of BDG-containing medical devices and parenterally-delivered materials as well as translocation of intestinal luminal BDG due to mucosal barrier injury. Additionally, infection with Nocardia sp. may also contribute to elevated circulating BDG. Knowledge of the factors which may contribute to such non-IFD-related test results can improve the planning and interpretation of BDG assays and permit investigational strategies, such as serial sampling and BDG clearance evaluation, to assess the likelihood of contamination and improve patient care.
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Abstract
An 86-year-old woman with Borrmann type III colorectal cancer (Union for International Cancer Control pT4aN2bM1c, pStage IVc) had received dexamethasone for the last 6 months as palliative care. She presented with a low-grade fever, chest pain and cough. Chest radiography on admission showed cavities and consolidations bilaterally in the upper lobes. A blood examination on admission revealed highly elevated serum β-d-glucan levels. The diagnosis by bronchoscopy was pulmonary nocardiosis. With trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and imipenem/cilastatin, the β-d-glucan levels were decreased, and chest X-ray showed improvement after 1 month. β-d-glucan is known to be a biomarker of fungal infection. It is possible that β-d-glucan levels also indicate a pulmonary infection by Nocardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yagyu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakatsuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Matsushita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
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[Cerebral and pulmonary nocardiosis to Nocardia abscessus in an immunocompetent Algerian patient]. J Mycol Med 2019; 28:531-537. [PMID: 29773433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nocardial brain abscess is often occurring in immunocompromised patients. It is uncommon in immunocompetent individuals. Here, the authors describe a case of cerebral and pulmonary nocardiosis mimicking a metastatic tumor in an apparently health 40-year-old Algerian male. The patient presented multiple brain abscess revealed by inaugural epileptic seizure. He was afebrile and presented with left hemiparesis. Staging imaging showed a nodular lung lesion in the apical segment of the right lower lobe. The patient underwent double craniotomy for resection of the lesion. Culture of the resected specimen isolated Nocardia abscessus. The patient was initially started on intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and intravenous amikacine. He was switched to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. He finished seven months of antibiotic therapy with a good clinical response. Imaging revealed reduction in the brain abscess and a complete resolution of the lung lesion. Cotrimoxazole was stopped after twelve months of therapy. After two years, the health status of our patient improves day after day. He is however regularly under medical supervision for control exams.
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Nocardia infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018; 30:545-551. [PMID: 28922286 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nocardia spp. is a gram-positive bacteria that may cause infections in humans. Nocardiosis has been described since the early years of transplantation. This review aims to provide an overview of present knowledge regarding posttransplant nocardiosis, with a focus on recent findings. RECENT FINDINGS Nocardiosis is not rare among transplant recipients, especially after thoracic transplantation and/or in case of intense immunosuppressive regimen or use of tacrolimus. Low-dose cotrimoxazole is not effective to prevent nocardiosis. Although lung is the most common site of infection, more than 40% of organ transplant patients have a disseminated infection. As central nervous system involvement is frequent (about 1/3 of the patients) and possibly asymptomatic, brain imaging is mandatory. Diagnosis relies on direct examination and culture; molecular species identification is useful to guide treatment. Although cotrimoxazole is the drug for which we have the strongest clinical experience, other antibiotics such as linezolid, parenteral cephalosporins, carbapenems, and amikacin can be used to treat nocardiosis. Although treatment duration has historically been set to at least 6 months, shorter durations (<120 days) seem associated with a good outcome in selected patients. SUMMARY Physicians in charge of transplant patients should be aware of nocardiosis. Diagnosis and management of transplant recipients with nocardiosis require a multidisciplinary approach.
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Giacobbe DR, Del Bono V, Viscoli C, Mikulska M. Use of 1,3-β-D-glucan in invasive fungal diseases in hematology patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:1101-1112. [PMID: 29125373 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1401467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hematology patients. Within a diagnostic-driven approach, the use of the serum (1,3)-ß-D-glucan (BDG) test represents a valid tool for the early diagnosis and treatment of IFD. Areas covered: The available literature on the use of BDG in hematology patients was systematically retrieved. Then, it was reviewed and discussed, to identify key issues pertaining to a clinically-oriented narrative presentation of the topic. Expert commentary: The use of BDG in hematology patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis (IA) is secondary to the use of galactomannan. However, since BDG is not specific for IA, it offers an advantage of diagnosing also other IFD, such as candidiasis and pneumocystosis. The limitations of BDG include high costs and lower sensitivity in hematology patients compared to other cohorts. The risk of false positive results is possibly lower in real life than in theory, since glucan-free equipment is available and modern dialysis membranes and blood products usually do not release BDG. Thus, in experienced hands and selected clinical situations, BDG is a useful diagnostic tool, particularly due to short turnover time to results and versatility in diagnosing different IFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, University of Genoa, DISSAL , Genoa , Italy
| | - Valerio Del Bono
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, University of Genoa, DISSAL , Genoa , Italy
| | - Claudio Viscoli
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, University of Genoa, DISSAL , Genoa , Italy
| | - Malgorzata Mikulska
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia, University of Genoa, DISSAL , Genoa , Italy
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Khan S, Hamula C, Rana M, Sullivan T, Dunn D, Patel P, Mishkin A, Huprikar S. Elevated Serum Beta-D-Glucan with Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, and a Partially Acid-Fast Organism in Respiratory Cultures: A Case of Hickam's Dictum Over Occam's Razor. Mycopathologia 2017. [PMID: 28623531 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of a man with ectopic Cushing's syndrome, elevated serum beta-D-glucan, and respiratory cultures with Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, and a partially acid-fast organism. Our case highlights challenges in diagnosis and management of coinfection in an immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Camille Hamula
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dallas Dunn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pinki Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aaron Mishkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shirish Huprikar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1090, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Sawai T, Nakao T, Yamaguchi S, Yoshioka S, Matsuo N, Suyama N, Yanagihara K, Mukae H. Detection of high serum levels of β-D-Glucan in disseminated nocardial infection: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:272. [PMID: 28407752 PMCID: PMC5390473 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-D-glucan (BDG) is a helpful diagnostic marker for many invasive fungal infections, but not for nocardiosis. Here, we reported the first case of nocardial infection with high serum level of BDG. Case presentation A 73-year-old man was hospitalized because of fever, headache, and appetite loss after 10 months of steroid and immunosuppressive therapy for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. With a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia, treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam was initiated. There was improvement on chest radiograph, but fever persisted. Further work-up revealed multiple brain abscesses on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serum galactomannan and BDG were elevated at 0.6 index and 94.7 pg/ml, respectively. Voriconazole was initiated for presumed aspergillus brain abscess. However, fever persisted and consciousness level deteriorated. Drainage of brain abscess was performed; based on the Gram stain and Kinyoun acid-fast stain, disseminated nocardiosis was diagnosed. Voriconazole was then shifter to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The presence of Nocardia farcinica was confirmed by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Treatment course was continued; BDG level normalized after 1 month and cranial MRI showed almost complete improvement after 2 months. Conclusion BDG assay is widely used to diagnose invasive fungal infection; therefore, clinicians should be aware that Nocardia species may show cross-reactivity with BDG assay on serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyomitsu Sawai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, 6-39 Shinchi-machi, Nagasaki, 850-8555, Japan.
| | - Takumi Nakao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, 6-39 Shinchi-machi, Nagasaki, 850-8555, Japan
| | - Shota Yamaguchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, 6-39 Shinchi-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sumako Yoshioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, 6-39 Shinchi-machi, Nagasaki, 850-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuko Matsuo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, 6-39 Shinchi-machi, Nagasaki, 850-8555, Japan
| | - Naofumi Suyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, 6-39 Shinchi-machi, Nagasaki, 850-8555, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
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Detection of (1→3)-β-d-Glucan in Eumycetoma Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2614-7. [PMID: 27440815 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01478-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycetoma can be caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). Here, we demonstrated in 45 eumycetoma patients, 30 actinomycetoma patients, and 30 healthy controls that (1→3)-β-d-glucan detection in serum cannot reliably be used to discriminate between the two types of mycetoma.
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Angebault C, Lanternier F, Dalle F, Schrimpf C, Roupie AL, Dupuis A, Agathine A, Scemla A, Paubelle E, Caillot D, Neven B, Frange P, Suarez F, d'Enfert C, Lortholary O, Bougnoux ME. Prospective Evaluation of Serum β-Glucan Testing in Patients With Probable or Proven Fungal Diseases. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw128. [PMID: 27419189 PMCID: PMC4942764 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the positivity of (1-3)-β-D-glucan, a serum marker of invasive fungal diseases (IFD), at diagnosis and during treatment. (1-3)-β-D-Glucan may not be an early marker but could prove useful for diagnosis of chronic IFD. Background. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in invasive fungal diseases (IFD). Serum (1-3)-β-d-glucan (BG) is believed to be an early IFD marker, but its diagnostic performance has been ambiguous, with insufficient data regarding sensitivity at the time of IFD diagnosis (TOD) and according to outcome. Whether its clinical utility is equivalent for all types of IFD remains unknown. Methods. We included 143 patients with proven or probable IFD (49 invasive candidiasis, 45 invasive aspergillosis [IA], and 49 rare IFD) and analyzed serum BG (Fungitell) at TOD and during treatment. Results. (1-3)-β-d-glucan was undetectable at TOD in 36% and 48% of patients with candidemia and IA, respectively; there was no correlation between negative BG results at TOD and patients' characteristics, localization of infection, or prior antifungal use. Nevertheless, patients with candidemia due to Candida albicans were more likely to test positive for BG at TOD (odds ratio = 25.4, P = .01) than patients infected with other Candida species. In 70% of the patients with a follow-up, BG negativation occurred in >1 month for candidemia and >3 months for IA. A slower BG decrease in patients with candidemia was associated with deep-seated localizations (P = .04). Thirty-nine percent of patients with rare IFD had undetectable BG at TOD; nonetheless, all patients with chronic subcutaneous IFD tested positive at TOD. Conclusions. Undetectable serum BG does not rule out an early IFD, when the clinical suspicion is high. After IFD diagnostic, kinetics of serum BG are difficult to relate to clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Angebault
- Unitéde Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie Clinique; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité,; Unité de Mycologie Médicale, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris
| | | | | | | | - Aurélie Dupuis
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie Clinique
| | - Aurélie Agathine
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie Clinique
| | - Anne Scemla
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité,; Réseau Thématique de Recherche et de SoinsCentaure, Labex Transplantex, Paris
| | - Etienne Paubelle
- Service d'Hématologie Adulte; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité
| | - Denis Caillot
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Unité d'Immunologie, Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques
| | - Pierre Frange
- Unité d'Immunologie, Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques; Unité d'Hygiène, Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Service d'Hématologie Adulte; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité
| | - Christophe d'Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Sous Contrat 2019, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité,; Unité de Mycologie Médicale, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unitéde Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie Clinique; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité,; Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Sous Contrat 2019, Paris, France
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Ulrich M, Frimat M, Titcat M, Jacobsoone-Ulrich A, El Fallah S, Vandenbussche C, Lemoine C, Lionet A, Wallet F, Lebas C, Hazzan M, Noël C. Nocardiose disséminée en transplantation rénale : intérêt des β-d-glucanes. Nephrol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.07.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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