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Najmi Z, Scalia AC, De Giglio E, Cometa S, Cochis A, Colasanto A, Locatelli M, Coisson JD, Iriti M, Vallone L, Rimondini L. Screening of Different Essential Oils Based on Their Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties to Preserve Red Fruits and Improve Their Shelf Life. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020332. [PMID: 36673424 PMCID: PMC9857945 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberries and raspberries are susceptible to physiological and biological damage. Due to the consumer concern about using pesticides to control fruit rot, recent attention has been drawn to essential oils. Microbiological activity evaluations of different concentrations of tested EOs (cinnamon, clove, bergamot, rosemary and lemon; 10% DMSO-PBS solution was used as a diluent) against fruit rot fungal strains and a fruit-born human pathogen (Escherichia coli) indicated that the highest inhibition halos was found for pure cinnamon and clove oils; according to GC-MS analysis, these activities were due to the high level of the bioactive compounds cinnamaldehyde (54.5%) in cinnamon oil and eugenol (83%) in clove oil. Moreover, thermogravimetric evaluation showed they were thermally stable, with temperature peak of 232.0 °C for cinnamon and 200.6/234.9 °C for clove oils. Antibacterial activity evaluations of all tested EOs at concentrations from 5-50% (v/v) revealed a concentration of 10% (v/v) to be the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The physicochemical analysis of fruits in an in vivo assay indicated that used filter papers doped with 10% (v/v) of cinnamon oil (stuck into the lids of plastic containers) were able to increase the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in strawberries after four days, with it being easier to preserve strawberries than raspberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Najmi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calogero Scalia
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Colasanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Monica Locatelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Jean Daniel Coisson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Cesare Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Vallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Wicha WW, Strickmann DB, Paukner S. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of lefamulin in a neutropenic murine pneumonia model with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:iii11-iii18. [PMID: 30949707 PMCID: PMC6449573 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present results of preclinical studies that supported further development of lefamulin for treating patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). METHODS The effect of bovine lung surfactant on the antibacterial activity of lefamulin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by broth microdilution assay. In vitro accumulation of lefamulin was evaluated in J774 mouse macrophages. Pharmacokinetics was assessed in female BALB/c (Bagg albino) mice treated with subcutaneous lefamulin (35 or 70 mg/kg). In neutropenic lung infection experiments, BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide before challenge with single S. pneumoniae or S. aureus strains; subcutaneous lefamulin (1.25-160 mg/kg) was given twice daily post-infection. Hill models described relationships between AUC/MIC ratios and changes in log10 cfu. RESULTS Lung surfactant did not significantly increase lefamulin MIC values against test strains. Lefamulin uptake in macrophages was rapid (a plateau was reached in ∼3 h). In mice, distribution of lefamulin [plasma to epithelial lining fluid (ELF)] was rapid, showing an ∼2-fold increase in lefamulin exposure in the ELF during the 5.5 h period. Median plasma AUC/MIC ratios associated with 1 and 2 log10 cfu reductions from baseline were 1.37 and 2.15, respectively, for S. pneumoniae and 2.13 and 6.24 for S. aureus. Corresponding ELF results were 14.0 and 22.0 for S. pneumoniae and 21.7 and 63.9 for S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lefamulin displays desirable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships that are predictive of the clinical effectiveness of lefamulin and other antibacterial agents used to treat CABP.
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