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Rebuzzi SE, Zullo L, Rossi G, Grassi M, Murianni V, Tagliamento M, Prelaj A, Coco S, Longo L, Dal Bello MG, Alama A, Dellepiane C, Bennicelli E, Malapelle U, Genova C. Novel Emerging Molecular Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052625. [PMID: 33807876 PMCID: PMC7961376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scenario of systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, one of the most relevant breakthroughs is represented by targeted therapies. Throughout the last years, inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), and V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) have been approved and are currently used in clinical practice. However, other promising molecular drivers are rapidly emerging as therapeutic targets. This review aims to cover the molecular alterations with a potential clinical impact in NSCLC, including amplifications or mutations of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), fusions of rearranged during transfection (RET), rearrangements of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes, mutations of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), as well as amplifications or mutations of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Additionally, we summarized the current status of targeted agents under investigation for such alterations. This revision of the current literature on emerging molecular targets is needed as the evolving knowledge on novel actionable oncogenic drivers and targeted agents is expected to increase the proportion of patients who will benefit from tailored therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elena Rebuzzi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lodovica Zullo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Padre Antero Micone, 16153 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Roma 151, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Grassi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Murianni
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bennicelli
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carlo Genova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Budiarto BR, Pohan PU, Desriani. Nucleic acid amplification-based HER2 molecular detection for breast cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jons.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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