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Kushwaha P, Soto Velázquez AL, McMahan C, Neilson JW. Field to Greenhouse: How Stable Is the Soil Microbiome after Removal from the Field? Microorganisms 2024; 12:110. [PMID: 38257936 PMCID: PMC10818785 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) processes impact plant productivity and ecosystem function, but they are poorly understood because PSFs vary significantly with plant and soil type, plant growth stage, and environmental conditions. Controlled greenhouse studies are essential to unravel the mechanisms associating PSFs with plant productivity; however, successful implementation of these controlled experiments is constrained by our understanding of the persistence of the soil microbiome during the transition from field to greenhouse. This study evaluates the preservation potential of a field soil microbiome when stored in the laboratory under field temperature and moisture levels. Soil microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and functional potential were evaluated via amplicon sequencing at the start of storage (W0), week 3 (W3), week 6 (W6), and week 9 (W9) to determine the effect of storage time on soil microbiome integrity. Though microbial richness remained stable, Shannon diversity indices decreased significantly at W6 for bacteria/archaea and W3 for fungi. Bacterial/archaeal community composition also remained stable, whereas the fungal community changed significantly during the first 3 weeks. Functional predictions revealed increased capacity for chemoheterotrophy for bacteria/archaea and decreased relative proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. We show that preservation of the field soil microbiome must be a fundamental component of experimental design. Either greenhouse experiments should be initiated within 3 weeks of field soil collection, or a preliminary incubation study should be conducted to determine the time and storage conditions required to sustain the integrity of the specific field soil microbiome being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (A.L.S.V.)
| | - Ana L. Soto Velázquez
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (A.L.S.V.)
| | - Colleen McMahan
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Julia W. Neilson
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (A.L.S.V.)
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Gallego B, García-Martínez MM, Latorre G, Carrión ME, Hurtado de Mendoza J, Carmona M, Zalacain A. New strategies to analyze argentatins A and B in guayule (Parthenium argentatum, A. Gray). Talanta 2023; 265:124856. [PMID: 37356192 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the exploitation of compounds belonging to the triterpenoid family from guayule (Parthenium argentatum, A. Gray), as they offer several beneficial effects to human health. The most abundant triterpenoids in guayule resin are the argentatins, which are currently analyzed by labor-intensive and time-consuming techniques. The purpose of the present study was to estimate argentatins and isoargentatins A and B in guayule using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and flow injection analysis (FIA). Results revealed that the best partial least squares regression model exhibited excellent correlation with the values estimated by NIRS calibration (r2c = 0.99-1.00) and cross-validation (r2cv = 0.94-0.99), and the residual predictive deviation was >3 in all cases. After optimization of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and FIA parameters, the FIA mode could reliably collect data for argentatin A and B after applying a calculated coverage factor. In sum, NIRS and FIA appear to be a robust option for the estimation and routine analysis of argentatins in guayule stems and resin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gallego
- Instituto de Toxicología de La Defensa, Hospital Central de La Defensa Gómez Ulla, Gta. Ejército 1, 28047, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Mercedes García-Martínez
- Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial de Albacete, ITAP. Parque Empresarial Campollano, 2(a) Avenida, 02007, Albacete, 61, Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, de Montes y Biotecnología (ETSIAMB), Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Avda. de España S/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
| | - Guayente Latorre
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, de Montes y Biotecnología (ETSIAMB), Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Avda. de España S/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
| | - M Engracia Carrión
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Institute for Regional Development (IDR), Food Quality Research Group, Campus Universitario S/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Carmona
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Institute for Regional Development (IDR), Food Quality Research Group, Campus Universitario S/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
| | - Amaya Zalacain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, de Montes y Biotecnología (ETSIAMB), Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Avda. de España S/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
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Rousset A, Ginies C, Chevallier O, Martinez-Vazquez M, Amor A, Dorget M, Chemat F, Perino S. Composition of Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) resin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3395. [PMID: 36854959 PMCID: PMC9975234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a semi-arid shrub, native from the Chihuahan desert. This plant produces polyisoprene and resin. Polyisoprene is the main focal point of many researches, from structure to properties. Today, some processes are used to extract polyisoprene under its dry form, using solvent extraction, to produce rubber (used in truck or airplane tires) or as an emulsion, to make latex products by dipping (used in medical gloves, condoms, etc.). This article focuses on guayule resin which has some interesting applications in adhesives, coatings, pharmaceuticals, etc. In order to better know the resin composition and to be able to perform comparisons between varieties or seasons, liquid and gas chromatographic analysis methods have been described, for the groups of molecules composing the resin (polyphenols, guayulins, free fatty acids, di and triacylglycerols, argentatins, alkanes, alkanals, sugars, organic acids). Unlike other articles, this study aims to analyze all components of the same resin; the average composition of a guayule resin is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Rousset
- GuaTecs, 28 Rue Xavier Bichat, 72000, Le Mans, France. .,Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, 84000, Avignon, France.
| | - Christian Ginies
- grid.7310.50000 0001 2190 2394Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, MicroNut Team, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Olivier Chevallier
- grid.7310.50000 0001 2190 2394Avignon University, DARI, Plateforme 3A, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Mariano Martinez-Vazquez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, México
| | - Ali Amor
- GuaTecs, 28 Rue Xavier Bichat, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Michel Dorget
- GuaTecs, 28 Rue Xavier Bichat, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Farid Chemat
- grid.7310.50000 0001 2190 2394Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Sandrine Perino
- Avignon University, INRAE, UMR408, GREEN Extraction Team, 84000, Avignon, France.
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RNASeq analysis of drought-stressed guayule reveals the role of gene transcription for modulating rubber, resin, and carbohydrate synthesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21610. [PMID: 34732788 PMCID: PMC8566568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The drought-adapted shrub guayule (Parthenium argentatum) produces rubber, a natural product of major commercial importance, and two co-products with potential industrial use: terpene resin and the carbohydrate fructan. The rubber content of guayule plants subjected to water stress is higher compared to that of well-irrigated plants, a fact consistently reported in guayule field evaluations. To better understand how drought influences rubber biosynthesis at the molecular level, a comprehensive transcriptome database was built from drought-stressed guayule stem tissues using de novo RNA-seq and genome-guided assembly, followed by annotation and expression analysis. Despite having higher rubber content, most rubber biosynthesis related genes were down-regulated in drought-stressed guayule, compared to well-irrigated plants, suggesting post-transcriptional effects may regulate drought-induced rubber accumulation. On the other hand, terpene resin biosynthesis genes were unevenly affected by water stress, implying unique environmental influences over transcriptional control of different terpene compounds or classes. Finally, drought induced expression of fructan catabolism genes in guayule and significantly suppressed these fructan biosynthesis genes. It appears then, that in guayule cultivation, irrigation levels might be calibrated in such a regime to enable tunable accumulation of rubber, resin and fructan.
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Guayule ( Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), a Renewable Resource for Natural Polyisoprene and Resin: Composition, Processes and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030664. [PMID: 33513965 PMCID: PMC7865983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is an essential material, especially for plane and truck tyres but also for medical gloves. Asia ranks first in the production of natural rubber, of which the Hevea tree is currently the sole source. However, it is anticipated that this source alone will not be able to fulfill the growing demand. Guayule, a shrub native to northern Mexico and southern United States, may also contribute. This plant not only contains polyisoprene, but also resin, a mixture of lipids and terpenoids. This review summarizes various aspects of this plant, from the usage history, botanical description, geographical distribution and cultivation practices, down to polyisoprene and resin biosynthesis including their distribution within the plant and molecular composition. Finally, the main processes yielding dry rubber or latex are depicted, as well as the properties of the various extracts along with economic considerations. The aim is to provide a wide picture of current knowledge available about this promising crop, a good feedstock candidate for a multiple-product biorefinery.
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