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Qiao Z, Wang E, Bao B, Tan X, Chen H, Wang D, Yuan L. Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating exosomal glypican-1 in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Lab Med 2024:lmae013. [PMID: 38470244 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is usually detected in the advanced stages. Liquid biopsy has become a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating exosomal glypican-1 (GPC-1) in PC. METHODS We systematically searched relevant studies. For diagnostic accuracy, pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Regarding prognostic value, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) were summarized by using a random-effects model. RESULTS We found 8 studies that examined the diagnostic value of circulating exosomal GPC-1 in PC, and 3 studies that investigated its prognostic value. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.65-0.97) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72-0.94). The AUC was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95). Prognostic analysis showed that higher levels of circulating exosomal GPC-1 were associated with poorer OS in PC patients, and the combined HR for OS was 4.59 (random-effects model, 95% CI = 1.17-18.03, P = .022). The results of both studies were robust and neither had publication bias. CONCLUSION Circulating exosomal GPC-1 may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PC. However, this result needs to be validated by further research using a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyun Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Boyang Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | | | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Fyfe J, Dye D, Razak NBA, Metharom P, Falasca M. Immune evasion on the nanoscale: Small extracellular vesicles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:36-47. [PMID: 37748738 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of cancer alarmingly expanding in our modern societies that is still proving to be very challenging to counteract. This disease constitutes a quintessential example of the multiple interactions existing between the tumour and its surrounding microenvironment. In particular, PDAC is characterized by a very immunosuppressive environment that favours cancer growth and makes this cancer type very resistant to immunotherapy. The primary tumour releases many factors that influence both the microenvironment and the immune landscape. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), recently identified as indispensable entities ensuring cell-to-cell communication in both physiological and pathological processes, seem to play a pivotal function in ensuring the delivery of these factors to the tumour-surrounding tissues. In this review, we summarize the present understanding on the crosstalk among tumour cells and the cellular immune microenvironment emphasizing the pro-malignant role played by extracellular vesicles. We also discuss how a greater knowledge of the roles of EVs in tumour immune escape could be translated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Fyfe
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Danielle Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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Koltai T. Earlier Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Is It Possible? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4430. [PMID: 37760400 PMCID: PMC10526520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a very high mortality rate which has been only minimally improved in the last 30 years. This high mortality is closely related to late diagnosis, which is usually made when the tumor is large and has extensively infiltrated neighboring tissues or distant metastases are already present. This is a paradoxical situation for a tumor that requires nearly 15 years to develop since the first founding mutation. Response to chemotherapy under such late circumstances is poor, resistance is frequent, and prolongation of survival is almost negligible. Early surgery has been, and still is, the only approach with a slightly better outcome. Unfortunately, the relapse percentage after surgery is still very high. In fact, early surgery clearly requires early diagnosis. Despite all the advances in diagnostic methods, the available tools for improving these results are scarce. Serum tumor markers permit a late diagnosis, but their contribution to an improved therapeutic result is very limited. On the other hand, effective screening methods for high-risk populations have not been fully developed as yet. This paper discusses the difficulties of early diagnosis, evaluates whether the available diagnostic tools are adequate, and proposes some simple and not-so-simple measures to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1094, Argentina
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Huang X, Zhao C, Han Y, Li S. Establishment and validation of a prognostic signature for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on lactate metabolism-related genes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1143073. [PMID: 37363401 PMCID: PMC10288859 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1143073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancy with poor prognosis. To improve patient outcomes, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the oncogenesis and progression of this disease. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly the regulation of lactate metabolism, is known to have a significant impact on tumor microenvironment and could provide valuable insights for the management of PDAC patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs). Methods: Transcriptomic data of patients with PDAC along with the clinical outcomes were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the expression data in normal pancreas from Genotype-Tissue Expression dataset were adopted as the normal control. By using Cox and LASSO regression models, we identified key genes that are differentially expressed in cancerous tissues and related to prognosis. To determine the prognostic value of LMRGs in PDAC, we evaluated their clinical significance and model performance using both the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves. In addition, we evaluated the drug sensitivity prediction and immune infiltration by using oncoPredict algorithm, single sample gene set enrichment analysis and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Results: A total of 123 LMRGs were identified through differential gene screening analysis, among which 7 LMRGs were identified to comprise a LMRGs signature that independently predict overall survival of these PDAC patient. The AUC values for the LMRGs signature were 0.786, 0.820, 0.837, and 0.816 for predicting 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival respectively. Furthermore, this prognostic signature was used to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the former having worse clinical outcomes. This observation was further validated through analysis of the International Cancer Genome Consortium database. In addition, lower sensitivity to gemcitabine and infiltration of immune effector cells were observed in the cancer tissue of patients in the high-risk group. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggests that a genomic signature comprised of these LMRGs may be a novel predictor of overall clinical outcomes and present therapeutic potential for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Moutinho-Ribeiro P, Batista IA, Quintas ST, Adem B, Silva M, Morais R, Peixoto A, Coelho R, Costa-Moreira P, Medas R, Lopes S, Vilas-Boas F, Baptista M, Dias-Silva D, Esteves AL, Martins F, Lopes J, Barroca H, Carneiro F, Macedo G, Melo SA. Exosomal glypican-1 is elevated in pancreatic cancer precursors and can signal genetic predisposition in the absence of endoscopic ultrasound abnormalities. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4310-4327. [PMID: 36159010 PMCID: PMC9453765 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i31.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals within specific risk groups for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) [mucinous cystic lesions (MCLs), hereditary risk (HR), and new-late onset diabetes mellitus (NLOD)] represent an opportunity for early cancer detection. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a premium image modality for PDAC screening and precursor lesion characterization. While no specific biomarker is currently clinically available for this purpose, glypican-1 (GPC1) is overexpressed in the circulating exosomes (crExos) of patients with PDAC compared with healthy subjects or those harboring benign pancreatic diseases.
AIM To evaluate the capacity of GPC1+ crExos to identify individuals at higher risk within these specific groups, all characterized by EUS.
METHODS This cross-sectional study with a prospective unicentric cohort included 88 subjects: 40 patients with MCL, 20 individuals with HR, and 20 patients with NLOD. A control group (CG) was submitted to EUS for other reasons than pancreatic pathology, with normal pancreas and absence of hereditary risk factors (n = 8). The inclusion period was between October 2016 and January 2019, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal. All patients provided written informed consent. EUS and blood tests for quantification of GPC1+ crExos by flow cytometry and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels by ELISA were performed in all subjects. EUS-guided tissue acquisition was done whenever necessary. For statistical analysis, SPSS® 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) version was used. All graphs were created using GraphPad Prism 7.00 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, United States).
RESULTS Half of MCLs harbored worrisome features (WF) or high-risk stigmata (HRS). Pancreatic abnormalities were detected by EUS in 10.0% and 35.0% in HR and NLOD individuals, respectively, all considered non-malignant and “harmless.” Median levels of GPC1+ crExos were statistically different: MCL [99.4%, interquartile range (IQR): 94.9%-99.8%], HR (82.0%, IQR: 28.9%-98.2%), NLOD (12.6%, IQR: 5.2%-63.4%), and CG (16.2%, IQR: 6.6%-20.1%) (P < 0.0001). Median levels of CA 19-9 were within the normal range in all groups (standard clinical cut-off of 37 U/mL). Within HR, individuals with a positive history of cancer had higher median levels of GPC1+ crExos (97.9%; IQR: 61.7%-99.5%), compared to those without (59.7%; IQR: 26.3%-96.4%), despite no statistical significance (P = 0.21). Pancreatic cysts with WF/HRS were statistically associated with higher median levels of GPC1+ crExos (99.6%; IQR: 97.6%-99.8%) compared to those without (96.5%; IQR: 81.3%-99.5%) (P = 0.011), presenting an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.723 (sensitivity 75.0% and specificity 67.7%, using a cut-off of 98.5%; P = 0.012).
CONCLUSION GPC1+ crExos may act as biomarker to support the diagnosis and stratification of PDAC precursor lesions, and in signaling individuals with genetic predisposition in the absence of EUS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moutinho-Ribeiro
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Ines A Batista
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto 4050, Portugal
| | - Sofia T Quintas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Adem
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto 4050, Portugal
| | - Marco Silva
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Rui Morais
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Armando Peixoto
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Rosa Coelho
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa-Moreira
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Renato Medas
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Susana Lopes
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vilas-Boas
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Manuela Baptista
- Serviço de Cirurgia Geral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Diogo Dias-Silva
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar Serpa Pinto, ACeS Porto Ocidental, Porto 4250, Portugal
| | - Ana L Esteves
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar Serpa Pinto, ACeS Porto Ocidental, Porto 4250, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar Serpa Pinto, ACeS Porto Ocidental, Porto 4250, Portugal
| | - Joanne Lopes
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Helena Barroca
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Sonia A Melo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
- IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
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Jia E, Ren N, Shi X, Zhang R, Yu H, Yu F, Qin S, Xue J. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:573. [PMID: 35606727 PMCID: PMC9125932 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers have promising diagnosis and screening capacity for several cancers, but the diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer (PC) is controversial. The aim of our study was to review the diagnostic performance of EV biomarkers for PC. METHODS We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Medline, and Web Of Science databases from inception to 18 Feb 2022. We identified studies reporting the diagnostic performance of EV biomarkers for PC and summarized the information of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), or receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve) in according to a pre-designed data collection form. Pooled sensitivity and specificity was calculated using a random-effect model. RESULTS We identified 39 studies, including 2037 PC patients and 1632 noncancerous, seven of which were conducted independent validation tests. Seventeen studies emphasized on EV RNAs, sixteen on EV proteins, and sixteen on biomarker panels. MiR-10b, miR-21, and GPC1 were the most frequently reported RNA and protein for PC diagnosis. For individual RNAs and proteins, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 79% (95% CI: 77-81%) and 87% (95% CI: 85-89%), 72% (95% CI: 69-74%) and 77% (95% CI: 74-80%), respectively. the pooled sensitivity and specificity of EV RNA combined with protein panels were 84% (95% CI: 81-86%) and 89% (95% CI: 86-91%), respectively. Surprisingly, for early stage (stage I and II) PC EV biomarkers showed excellent diagnostic performance with the sensitivity of 90% (95% CI: 87-93%) and the specificity of 94% (95% CI: 92-95%). Both in sensitivity and subgroup analyses, we did not observe notable difference in pooled sensitivity and specificity. Studies might be limited by the isolation and detection techniques of EVs to a certain extent. CONCLUSIONS EV biomarkers showed appealing diagnostic preference for PC, especially for early stage PC. Solving the deficiency of technologies of isolation and detection EVs has important implications for application these novel noninvasive biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Xianquan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongkui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinru Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Jilin, Changchun, China.
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