Overexpression of CASC19 contributes to tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis after radical resection in hepatocellular carcinoma

LncRNA CASC19 promotes the growth and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells and tumor metastasis in mice

It has been reported that lncRNA CASC19 is abnormally highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, suggesting that it may regulate the occurrence and metastasis of CRC, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. To further explore the effect of CASC19 on CRC, we overexpressed or knocked down CASC19 in HR4838 cells. The results of Transwell invasion assay and cell clonogenic assay showed that CASC19 promoted cell invasion and proliferation. Flow cytometry results showed that CASC19 inhibited cell apoptosis. In addition, by detecting glucose uptake, lactate content and ATP production, it was found that CASC19 promoted glycolysis, while CASC19 silencing had the opposite effect. Interestingly, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A (SNRPA) is an RNA binding protein of CASC19. Overexpression of SNRPA promoted tumor cell invasion, proliferation, glycolysis, and inhibits apoptosis, while SNRPA silencing has the opposite effect. Moreover, SNRPA overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of CASC19-sh on invasion, proliferation and glycolysis of HR4838 cells and the promoting effect on apoptosis, which was mediated by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of BALB/c nude mice, we observed that the tumor growth of CASC19 knockdown mice was slower, and the tumor weight and volume were smaller, which was related to the low expression of CASC19 and SNRPA. In conclusion, our results showed that CASC19 promoted the growth and glycolysis of CRC cells and tumor metastasis in mice by upregulating SNRPA, which may provide a new molecular marker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

Exploring the mechanism of LncRNA CASC15 affecting hepatocellular carcinoma through miRNA

This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms through which long noncoding (Lnc) RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrieved HCC RNA-seq and clinical information from the UCSC Xena database. The differential expression (DE) of CASC15 was detected. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves. Molecular function and signaling pathways affected by CASC15 were determined using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Associations between CASC15 and the HCC microenvironment were investigated using immuno-infiltration assays. A differential CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network and HCC-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network were constructed. The overexpression of CASC15 in HCC tissues was associated with histological grade, clinical stage, pathological T stage, poor survival, more complex immune cell components, and 12 immune checkpoints. We identified 27 DE miRNAs and 270 DE mRNAs in the differential CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network, and 10 key genes that were enriched in 12 cancer-related signaling pathways. Extraction of the HCC-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA network revealed that IGF1R, MET, and KRAS were associated with HCC progression and occurrence. Our bioinformatic findings confirmed that CASC15 is a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC, and elevated levels in HCC are associated with the tumor microenvironment. We also constructed a disease-specific CASC15-miRNA-mRNA regulatory ceRNA network that provides a new perspective for the precise indexing of patients with elevated levels of CASC15.

CASC19: An Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNA in Different Cancers

A 324 bp lncRNA called CASC19 is found on chromosome 8q24.21. Recent research works have revealed that CASC19 is involved in the prognosis of tumors and related to the regulation of the radiation tolerance mechanisms during tumor radiotherapy (RT). This review sheds light on the changes and roles that CASC19 plays in many tumors and diseases, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), cervical cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), gastric cancer (GC), pancreatic cancer (PC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), glioma, and osteoarthritis (OA). CASC19 provides a new strategy for targeted therapy, and the regulatory networks of CASC19 expression levels play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors and diseases. In addition, the expression level of CASC19 has predictive roles in the prognosis of some tumors and diseases, which has major implications for clinical diagnoses and treatments. CASC19 is also unique in that it is a key gene affecting the efficacy of RT in many tumors, and its expression level plays a decisive role in improving the success rate of treatments. Further research is required to determine the precise process by which CASC19 causes changes in diseased cells in some tumors and diseases.