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Shanu-Wilson J, Evans L, Wrigley S, Steele J, Atherton J, Boer J. Biotransformation: Impact and Application of Metabolism in Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2087-2107. [PMID: 33214818 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation has a huge impact on the efficacy and safety of drugs. Ultimately the effects of metabolism can be the lynchpin in the discovery and development cycle of a new drug. This article discusses the impact and application of biotransformation of drugs by mammalian systems, microorganisms, and recombinant enzymes, covering active and reactive metabolites, the impact of the gut microbiome on metabolism, and how insights gained from biotransformation studies can influence drug design from the combined perspectives of a CRO specializing in a range of biotransformation techniques and pharma biotransformation scientists. We include a commentary on how biology-driven approaches can complement medicinal chemistry strategies in drug optimization and the in vitro and surrogate systems available to explore and exploit biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - Liam Evans
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - Stephen Wrigley
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - James Atherton
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jason Boer
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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Salter R, Beshore DC, Colletti SL, Evans L, Gong Y, Helmy R, Liu Y, Maciolek CM, Martin G, Pajkovic N, Phipps R, Small J, Steele J, de Vries R, Williams H, Martin IJ. Microbial biotransformation – an important tool for the study of drug metabolism. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:877-886. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1512018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Salter
- Department of Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yong Gong
- Department of Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Roy Helmy
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Cheri M. Maciolek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Gary Martin
- Department of Global Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Natasa Pajkovic
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - James Small
- Department of Global Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Ronald de Vries
- Department of Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Iain J. Martin
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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