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Kumar D, Jain S, Coulter DW, Joshi SS, Chaturvedi NK. PRMT5 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in MYC-Amplified Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5855. [PMID: 38136401 PMCID: PMC10741595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC amplification or overexpression is most common in Group 3 medulloblastomas and is positively associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recently, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression has been shown to be associated with tumorigenic MYC functions in cancers, particularly in brain cancers such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. PRMT5 regulates oncogenes, including MYC, that are often deregulated in medulloblastomas. However, the role of PRMT5-mediated post-translational modification in the stabilization of these oncoproteins remains poorly understood. The potential impact of PRMT5 inhibition on MYC makes it an attractive target in various cancers. PRMT5 inhibitors are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs demonstrating preclinical and preliminary clinical efficacies. Here, we review the publicly available preclinical and clinical studies on PRMT5 targeting using small molecule inhibitors and discuss the prospects of using them in medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Stuti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA;
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
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O'Brien S, Butticello M, Thompson C, Wilson B, Wyce A, Mahajan V, Kruger R, Mohammad H, Fedoriw A. Inhibiting PRMT5 induces DNA damage and increases anti-proliferative activity of Niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in models of breast and ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:775. [PMID: 37596538 PMCID: PMC10436459 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARP) provide clinical benefit to patients with breast and ovarian cancers, by compromising the DNA repair activity of cancer cells. Although these agents extend progression-free survival in many patients, responses can be short lived with many patients ultimately progressing. Identification of combination partners that increase dependence of cancer cells to the DNA repair activity of PARPs may represent a strategy to increase the utility of PARP inhibitors. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates DNA damage response pathways through splicing and protein modification, and inhibitors of PRMT5 have recently entered clinical trials. METHODS The effect of PRMT5 inhibition on the levels of DNA damage and repair markers including γH2AX, RAD51, and 53BP1 was determined using high content immunofluorescent imaging. The anti-proliferative activity of the combination of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors was evaluated using in vitro models of breast and ovarian cancers using both cell lines and ex vivo patient derived xenografts. Finally, the combinations of PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors were evaluated in cell line xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS Inhibition of PRMT5 by GSK3326595 led to increased levels of markers of DNA damage. The addition of GSK3326595 to the PARP inhibitor, niraparib, resulted in increased growth inhibition of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and patient derived spheroids. In vivo, the combination improved the partial effects on tumor growth inhibition achieved by either single agent, producing complete tumor stasis and regression. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of PRMT5 induced signatures of DNA damage in models of breast and ovarian cancer. Furthermore, combination with the PARP inhibitor, Niraparib, resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these data suggest inhibition of PRMT5 as a mechanism to broaden and enhance the clinical application of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Brien
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | | | | | - Boris Wilson
- Synthetic Lethality RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Anastasia Wyce
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Vivek Mahajan
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Ryan Kruger
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Helai Mohammad
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - Andy Fedoriw
- Tumor Cell Targeting RU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA.
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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Yin S, Liu L, Gan W. PRMT1 and PRMT5: on the road of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. GENOME INSTABILITY & DISEASE 2023; 4:197-209. [PMID: 37663901 PMCID: PMC10470524 DOI: 10.1007/s42764-022-00095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are widely accepted to be the most deleterious form of DNA lesions that pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Two predominant pathways are responsible for repair of DSBs, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). HR relies on a template to faithfully repair breaks, while NHEJ is a template-independent and error-prone repair mechanism. Multiple layers of regulation have been documented to dictate the balance between HR and NHEJ, such as cell cycle and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Arginine methylation is one of the most common PTMs, which is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMT1 and PRMT5 are the predominate PRMTs that promote asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine, respectively. They have emerged to be crucial regulators of DNA damage repair. In this review, we summarize current understanding and unaddressed questions of PRMT1 and PRMT5 in regulation of HR and NHEJ, providing insights into their roles in DSB repair pathway choice and the potential of targeting them for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Zhou H, Chang J, Zhang J, Zheng H, Miao X, Mo H, Sun J, Jia Q, Qi G. PRMT5 activates KLF5 by methylation to facilitate lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e17856. [PMID: 37461162 PMCID: PMC10902573 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly expressed oncogenic factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) promotes various cancerous processes, such as cell growth, survival, anti-apoptosis, migration and metastasis, particularly in lung cancer. Nevertheless, the modifications to KLF5 after translation are poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is considered as an oncogene known to be involved in different types of carcinomas, including lung cancer. Here, we show that the expression levels of PRMT5 and KLF5 are highly expressed lung cancer. Moreover, PRMT5 interacts with KLF5 and facilitates the dimethylation of KLF5 at Arginine 41 in a manner that depends on methyltransferase activity. Downregulation or pharmaceutical suppression of PRMT5 reduces the expression of KLF5 and its downstream targets both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the dimethylation of KLF5 by PRMT5 promotes the maintenance and proliferation of lung cancer cells at least partially by stabilising KLF5 via regulation of the Akt/GSK3β signalling axis. In summary, PRMT5 methylates KLF5 to prevent its degradation, thereby promoting the maintenance and proliferation of lung cancer cells. These results suggest that targeting PRMT5/KLF5 axis may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Mo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangsheng Qi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zheng J, Li B, Wu Y, Wu X, Wang Y. Targeting Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT5 for Cancer Therapy: Updated Progress and Novel Strategies. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a predominant type II protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5 plays critical roles in various normal cellular processes by catalyzing the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of a wide range of histone and nonhistone substrates. Clinical studies have revealed that high expression of PRMT5 is observed in different solid tumors and hematological malignancies and is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. Accordingly, PRMT5 is becoming a promising anticancer target and has received great attention in both the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community. In this Perspective, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in the development of first-generation PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors and highlight novel strategies targeting PRMT5 in the past 5 years. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of PRMT5 inhibition, with the aim of shedding light on future PRMT5 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zheng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bang Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingqi Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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He L, Lomberk G. Collateral Victim or Rescue Worker?-The Role of Histone Methyltransferases in DNA Damage Repair and Their Targeting for Therapeutic Opportunities in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735107. [PMID: 34869318 PMCID: PMC8636273 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted DNA damage signaling greatly threatens cell integrity and plays significant roles in cancer. With recent advances in understanding the human genome and gene regulation in the context of DNA damage, chromatin biology, specifically biology of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), has emerged as a popular field of study with great promise for cancer therapeutics. Here, we discuss how key histone methylation pathways contribute to DNA damage repair and impact tumorigenesis within this context, as well as the potential for their targeting as part of therapeutic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Gwen Lomberk,
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