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Caetano T, Pinho MS, Ramadas E, Lopes J, Areosa T, Ferreira D, Dixe MDA. Substance abuse and susceptibility to false memory formation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1176564. [PMID: 37213356 PMCID: PMC10196796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substance abuse has an impact on various cognitive domains, including memory. Even though this impact has been extensively examined across different subdomains, false memory has been sparsely studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis seek to synthesize the current scientific data concerning false memory formation in individuals with a history of substance abuse. Methods PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched to identify all experimental and observational studies in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Studies were then examined by four independent reviewers and, if they met the inclusion criteria, assessed for their quality. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists for quasi-experimental and analytic cross-sectional studies were used to assess the risk of bias. Results From the 443 screened studies, 27 (and two more from other sources) were considered eligible for full-text review. A final 18 studies were included in the present review. Of these, 10 were conducted with alcoholics or heavy drinkers, four focused on ecstasy/polydrug users, three were done with cannabis users and one focused on methadone maintenance patients with current cocaine dependence. Regarding false memory type, 15 studies focused on false recognition/recall, and three on provoked confabulation. Conclusions None but one of the studies considering false recognition/recall of critical lures found any significant differences between individuals with a history of substance abuse and healthy controls. However, most of the studies taking into account false recognition/recall of related and unrelated events found that individuals with a history of substance abuse showed significantly higher rates of false memories than controls. Future research should continue to consider different types of false memories as well as their potential association with relevant clinical variables. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=266503, identifier: CRD42021266503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Caetano
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra, Neuropsychological Assessment and Ageing Processes (NAAP), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- VillaRamadas International Treatment Centre, Research and Innovation Department, Leiria, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Tânia Caetano
| | - Maria Salomé Pinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra, Neuropsychological Assessment and Ageing Processes (NAAP), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ramadas
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- VillaRamadas International Treatment Centre, Research and Innovation Department, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Jessica Lopes
- VillaRamadas International Treatment Centre, Research and Innovation Department, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Timóteo Areosa
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria dos Anjos Dixe
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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Meyer M, Rist B, Strasser J, Lang UE, Vogel M, Dürsteler KM, Walter M. Exploring why patients in heroin-assisted treatment are getting incarcerated-a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35255853 PMCID: PMC8903629 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heroin-assisted treatment has proven effective in reducing criminal offenses in opioid dependent individuals. Few studies attempted to explain the observed crime reduction and the reasons why these patients keep offending and getting incarcerated have to date not been explored. METHODS Patients with a history of incarcerations during the time of participating in heroin-assisted treatment (n = 22) were invited to a semi-structured, narrative interview. Findings were evaluated with Mayring's qualitative content analysis framework. Additionally, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and the multiple-choice vocabulary intelligence test used to assess cognitive impairment and premorbid intelligence levels. RESULTS Three main categories emerged in patients' narratives on their incarcerations: cocaine use, impaired functioning, and financial constraints. Lifetime prevalence of cocaine use disorder was 95.5% and their cocaine use often led to patients getting incarcerated. Impaired functioning mainly constituted the inability to receive and open mail. Financial constraints led to incarcerations in lieu of payment in 16 participants (72.7%). Categories overlapped notably and often occurred in close temporal proximity. A fourth category on the likelihood of getting incarcerated again in the future was inhomogeneous and ranged from the strong conviction to complete rejection of the scenario. Average premorbid intelligence levels were found, whereas the cognitive assessment suggested severe cognitive impairment in our sample. CONCLUSION Participants mainly reported to have committed minor offenses and not being able to pay for resulting fines. The resulting prison sentences are an unconvincing practice from a medical and economic perspective alike. Public expenditure and the interruptions of the continuum of care could be reduced by legislatively protecting these marginalised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Meyer
- Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bernd Rist
- Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Johannes Strasser
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vogel
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth M. Dürsteler
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 3, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Clinic, Psychiatric Services Aargau, Königsfelderstrasse 1, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
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Mostafavi H, Dadashi M, Armani Kia A, Ahmadi D, Pirzeh R, Eskandari Z. The effect of bilateral tDCS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the cognitive abilities of men with opioid use disorder under methadone therapy: A sham-controlled clinical trial. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/aim
Opioid use disorder (OUD) can have negative impact on cognitive functions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of bilateral transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) over the right/left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the cognitive abilities of OUD men.
Methods
This study is a double-blind sham-controlled randomized clinical trial with a pretest/posttest design. Participants were 31 men with OUD living in Zanjan, Iran, assigned to three groups of left anode/right cathode tDCS, right anode/left cathode tDCS, and sham tDCS. The two active groups received tDCS (2 mA) at 10 sessions each for 10–20 min. The Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (CAQ) in Persian was used to measure their cognitive abilities before and after intervention. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.22 software.
Results
Bilateral DLPFC stimulation resulted in a significant improvement in cognitive flexibility, planning, decision making, inhibitory control/selective attention, and memory of patients in the two active tDCS groups, while the sham tDCS had no significant effect on their cognitive abilities.
Conclusion
Bilateral tDCS over DLPFC, as an effective and complementary treatment, can improve the cognitive abilities of men with OUD.
Trial registration: This study is a double-blind sham-controlled clinical trial (Parallel, IRCT20170513033946N5. Registered 19 Jan 2019, https://en.irct.ir/trial/36081).
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Voronkov M, Ataiants J, Cocchiaro B, Stock JB, Lankenau SE. A vicious cycle of neuropathological, cognitive and behavioural sequelae of repeated opioid overdose. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 97:103362. [PMID: 34314956 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the midst of an escalating U.S. opioid crisis, the immediate focus of public health interventions is on fatal overdose prevention. Few studies, however, have sought to examine the long-term health consequences of exposure to repeated nonfatal opioid overdose. We reviewed recent literature to examine three corresponding downstream health outcomes of repeated overdose: a) neurodegenerative processes; b) cognition and memory; and c) overdose risk behaviours. We found a remarkable congruency among available biochemical and cognitive data on how nonfatal overdose precipitates various pathological feedforward and feedback loops that affect people who use opioids for years to come. We found however that downstream behavioural implications of neurodegenerative and cognitive sequelae are less studied despite being most proximal to an overdose. Findings point to a vicious cycle of nonfatal overdose leading to neurodegeneration - closely resembling Alzheimer Disease - that results in cognitive decline that in turn leads to potentially reduced adherence to safe drug use behaviours. The collected evidence not only brings into the focus the long-term health consequences of nonfatal overdose from the perspectives of biology, neuroscience, and public health, but also creates new cross-disciplinary context and awareness in the research and public health community that should benefit people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janna Ataiants
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Benjamin Cocchiaro
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffry B Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Stephen E Lankenau
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Baldacchino A, Tolomeo S, Balfour DJ, Matthews K. Profiles of visuospatial memory dysfunction in opioid-exposed and dependent populations. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1174-1184. [PMID: 30457069 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic opioid exposure is common world-wide, but behavioural performance remains under-investigated. This study aimed to investigate visuospatial memory performance in opioid-exposed and dependent clinical populations and its associations with measures of intelligence and cognitive impulsivity. METHODS We recruited 109 participants: (i) patients with a history of opioid dependence due to chronic heroin use (n = 24), (ii) heroin users stabilised on methadone maintenance treatment (n = 29), (iii) participants with a history of chronic pain and prescribed tramadol and codeine (n = 28) and (iv) healthy controls (n = 28). The neuropsychological tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery included the Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS), Pattern Recognition Memory, Spatial Recognition Memory, Paired Associate Learning, Spatial Span Task, Spatial Working Memory and Cambridge Gambling Task. Pre-morbid general intelligence was assessed using the National Adult Reading Test. RESULTS As hypothesised, this study identified the differential effects of chronic heroin and methadone exposures on neuropsychological measures of visuospatial memory (p < 0.01) that were independent of injecting behaviour and dependence status. The study also identified an improvement in DMS performance (specifically at longer delays) when the methadone group was compared with the heroin group and also when the heroin group was stabilised onto methadone. Results identified differential effects of chronic heroin and methadone exposures on various neuropsychological measures of visuospatial memory independently from addiction severity measures, such as injecting behaviour and dependence status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioural Science,School of Medicine, St Andrews University,St Andrews, Fife,UK
| | - S Tolomeo
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee,Dundee, Tayside,UK
| | - D J Balfour
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee,Dundee, Tayside,UK
| | - K Matthews
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience), Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee,Dundee, Tayside,UK
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Brooks SJ, Funk SG, Young SY, Schiöth HB. The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29018381 PMCID: PMC5615794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex executive functions, such as working memory (WM) interact with limbic processes to foster impulse control. Such an interaction is referred to in a growing body of publications by terms such as cognitive control, cognitive inhibition, affect regulation, self-regulation, top-down control, and cognitive–emotion interaction. The rising trend of research into cognitive control of impulsivity, using various related terms reflects the importance of research into impulse control, as failure to employ cognitions optimally may eventually result in mental disorder. Against this background, we take a novel approach using an impulse control spectrum model – where anorexia nervosa (AN) and substance use disorder (SUD) are at opposite extremes – to examine the role of WM for cognitive control. With this aim, we first summarize WM processes in the healthy brain in order to frame a systematic review of the neuropsychological, neural and genetic findings of AN and SUD. In our systematic review of WM/cognitive control, we found n = 15 studies of AN with a total of n = 582 AN and n = 365 HC participants; and n = 93 studies of SUD with n = 9106 SUD and n = 3028 HC participants. In particular, we consider how WM load/capacity may support the neural process of excessive epistemic foraging (cognitive sampling of the environment to test predictions about the world) in AN that reduces distraction from salient stimuli. We also consider the link between WM and cognitive control in people with SUD who are prone to ‘jumping to conclusions’ and reduced epistemic foraging. Finally, in light of our review, we consider WM training as a novel research tool and an adjunct to enhance treatment that improves cognitive control of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabina G Funk
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Y Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch UniversityBellville, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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Vergara-Moragues E, Verdejo-García A, Lozano OM, Santiago-Ramajo S, González-Saiz F, Betanzos Espinosa P, Pérez García M. Association between executive function and outcome measure of treatment in therapeutic community among cocaine dependent individuals. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 78:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biernacki K, McLennan SN, Terrett G, Labuschagne I, Rendell PG. Decision-making ability in current and past users of opiates: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:342-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liao DL, Huang CY, Hu S, Fang SC, Wu CS, Chen WT, Lee TSH, Chen PC, Li CSR. Cognitive control in opioid dependence and methadone maintenance treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94589. [PMID: 24727743 PMCID: PMC3984179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance misuse is associated with cognitive dysfunction. We used a stop signal task to examine deficits in cognitive control in individuals with opioid dependence (OD). We examined how response inhibition and post-error slowing are compromised and whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), abstinence duration, and psychiatric comorbidity are related to these measures in individuals with OD. METHODS Two-hundred-and-sixty-four men with OD who were incarcerated at a detention center and abstinent for up to 2 months (n = 108) or at a correctional facility and abstinent for approximately 6 months (n = 156), 65 OD men under MMT at a psychiatric clinic, and 64 age and education matched healthy control (HC) participants were assessed. We computed the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) to index the capacity of response inhibition and post-error slowing (PES) to represent error-related behavioral adjustment, as in our previous work. We examined group effects with analyses of variance and covariance analyses, followed by planned comparisons. Specifically, we compared OD and HC participants to examine the effects of opioid dependence and MMT and compared OD sub-groups to examine the effects of abstinence duration and psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS The SSRT was significantly prolonged in OD but not MMT individuals, as compared to HC. The extent of post-error slowing diminished in OD and MMT, as compared to HC (trend; p = 0.061), and there was no difference between the OD and MMT groups. Individuals in longer abstinence were no less impaired in these measures. Furthermore, these results remained when psychiatric comorbidities including misuse of other substances were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS Methadone treatment appears to be associated with relatively intact cognitive control in opioid dependent individuals. MMT may facilitate public health by augmenting cognitive control and thereby mitigating risky behaviors in heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Lieh Liao
- Department of Addiction Psychiatry, Bali Psychiatric Center, Department of Health, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (DLL); (CSRL)
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Addiction Psychiatry, Bali Psychiatric Center, Department of Health, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Su-Chen Fang
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tony Szu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DLL); (CSRL)
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