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Camargo CCDO, Neto FL, Tavares H. Engagement and response to a psychoeducation program for family members of inpatients undergoing treatment for substance use disorder. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023. [PMID: 37003276 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate a sample of family members, among whom individuals were undergoing inpatient treatment for substance use disorder and identify predictors of engagement in a family support program. A total of 159 family nuclei were analyzed; 36 (22.6%) completed the program and 123 (77.4%) did not complete the program. Compared to nonparticipants, participants were majorly female (91.9%), younger (43.3 years old, SD = 16.5), unemployed, homemakers, and not financially independent (56.7%). The results showed the predominant participation of wives (29.7%) and offspring (mostly daughters, 27.0%). Participants also reported a higher rate of depressive symptoms (p = 0.003) and worse quality of life, primarily environmental. The frequency of domestic violence was higher among participants than among nonparticipants (27.9% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.005). Engagement in family support programs is the first challenge to overcome. The nonparticipants' profile shows the need to adopt engagement strategies that encompass males and facilitate the participation of breadwinning family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina de Oliveira Camargo
- Impulsive and Addictive Behaviors Ward/Interdisciplinary Alcohol and Drug Studies Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco L Neto
- Anxiety Outpatient Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermano Tavares
- Impulse Control Disorders Outpatient Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kane EM, Snethen JA, Gwon SH, Oh HK. Affected family members social support experiences when assisting an individual with substance use disorder. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:590-598. [PMID: 36942840 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social support is a factor in the health and well-being of all populations (WHO, 2018). Having a loved one with substance use disorder (SUD) negatively affects family members. Affected Family Members (AFM) providing support for individual with substance use disorder (ISUD) are at risk of losing their social support network. Losing social support negatively influences AFMs health and well-being. DESIGN As part of a larger mixed methods study, the researchers used qualitative inquiry to explore the experiences and perceptions of social support of the AFM of an ISUD. METHODS The thematic framework of social support was applied to this qualitative study to identify the conceptual determinants of the perceptions and experiences of the AFM and the development of emergent themes. Participants completed an anonymous electronic survey that included Open-ended questions. A total of 101 participants completed the open-ended questions with 1088 narrative responses received. The utilization of an audit trail, reflexive journal, and in-depth thematic analysis conducted by the researchers has ensured the rigor of the study. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the AFMs perspective: (1) We are all alone, and we have to fend for ourselves, (2) No one understands what we are going through and (3) People cannot relate and recoil from us. CONCLUSION Identification of the specific needs of the AFM was crucial, and the first step in designing programs in future research to provide social support for ensuring the health and well-being of the AFM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses need to provide family-centred care to ISUD, including their AFMs, in order for the ISUD to continue to receive support to facilitate their recovery. This research highlights ways in which the nurse caring for the ISUD can provide supportive interventions for the AFMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Marie Kane
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia A Snethen
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Gwon
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Oh
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Maksimovic JM, Sbutega OB, Pavlovic AD, Vlajinac HD, Kavecan II, Vujcic IS, Grujicic Sipetic SB. Characteristics and quality of life of substance users and their caregivers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29699. [PMID: 35945774 PMCID: PMC9351891 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between substance use and depression has been emphasized in the literature. Substance use disorders can also adversely affect the caregivers of drug-addicted persons. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Special Hospital for Addiction Diseases in Belgrade in 2015 to analyze the characteristics, consequences, and health-related quality of life of drug users and their caregivers. The sample comprised 136 users of various substances, and 136 caregivers. A questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, the Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36), and Beck Depression Inventory were administered to all participants. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, compared with caregivers, substance users were significantly more frequently male (P < .001), ≤ 39 years old (P < .001), and more frequently reported the use of sedatives (P = .009) and smoking (P < .001). Some level of depression was present in all participants, but severe forms were more frequent in substance users (P = .010). Among substance users, mean scores of SF-36 domains ranged from 56.62‒87.17, and among their caregivers, from 50.37‒75.07; however, the difference was significant only for the health change domain (P = .037), the score for which was lower in caregivers. Substance users suffered from more severe forms of depression compared to their caregivers, who had lower SF-36 scores in the domain of health change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka M. Maksimovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Jadranka M. Maksimovic, Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia (e-mail: )
| | | | - Aleksandar D. Pavlovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina D. Vlajinac
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana I. Kavecan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Isidora S. Vujcic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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The Perceptions of Domestic Violence by a Family Member Who Uses Crack or Cocaine: A Secondary Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106325. [PMID: 35627860 PMCID: PMC9141127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between crack/cocaine use and domestic violence perpetration from the perspective of substance users' families. A secondary retrospective cross-sectional study, with 3162 family members of crack/cocaine users seeking treatment in the Recomeço Família Programme in São Paulo/Brazil was undertaken. Family members of crack/cocaine users reported that their relatives were more involved in domestic violence such as stealing (money and objects) at home [Odds Ratio Adjusted ORA = 2.17 (CI 95% 1.87; 2.53)], the family gave money to the user to buy drugs [ORA = 1.27 (1.08; 1.48)], and having problems with the judiciary [ORA = 1.48 (CI 95% 1.28; 1.71)]. Relatives of snorted cocaine users reported that there was physical and interpersonal violence, such as fathers being assaulted [ORA = 2.50 (CI 95% 1.08; 5.82)], assaulted someone else [ORA = 1.86 (CI 95% 1.32; 2.60)], threats of violence fights, arguments when the family talk about problematic drug use [ORA = 1.50 (CI 95% 1.13; 1.96)] and threatened some family members [ORA = 1.52 (CI 95% 1.14; 2.04)]. In this sample, there was a connection between crack/cocaine use and the perpetuation of domestic violence, corroborating with important implications for public policies, substance use treatment and prevention of domestic violence interventions.
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Sperandio KR, Gressard CF, Gutierrez D. When a Man Loves a Woman: Experiences of Male Partners in Relationships With Addicted Women. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jaoc.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Di Sarno M, De Candia V, Rancati F, Madeddu F, Calati R, Di Pierro R. Mental and physical health in family members of substance users: A scoping review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108439. [PMID: 33333362 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high pressure they sustain, family members of substance users are thought to experience negative consequences in mental and physical health. This scoping review provided a comprehensive overview on the mental and physical health of adult Affected Family Members (AFMs). METHOD We searched in-journal English articles in PubMed, with no date limit, guided by the concepts of stress, strain, and burden, and including several terms related to substance use. Eligibility criteria included focus on adult AFMs, mental and physical health, and clinical forms of substance use. RESULTS PubMed search identified 3549 articles, with 46 additional papers from other sources. Fifty-six articles were included, quantitative (N = 39), qualitative (N = 15) and both (N = 2). Quantitative findings show that AFMs are subject to increased stress and burden, and impaired mental health. Variable rates of physical problems emerge, with some medical conditions being more common among AFMs of substance users versus controls. Finally, evidence shows increased risk for aggression and reduced quality of life and social adjustment. AFMs report higher stress and strain if they are women, in low socio-economic families, and co-habiting with more severe substance users. Qualitative studies additionally suggest that stigma, self-blame, and social isolation are common. CONCLUSIONS AFMs of substance users represent a population at higher risk for negative health-related outcomes and should be systematically regarded as targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Sarno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T), Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Rancati
- Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T), Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T), Milan, Italy; Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Parma - Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Rossella Di Pierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T), Milan, Italy; Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Parma - Milan, Italy
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BAPTISTA HP, BORTOLON CB, MOREIRA TDC, BARROS HMT. Investigation of factors associated with low adherence to treatment of codependency in family members of psychoactive substance users. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202138e200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate possible factors that prevent adherence to the treatment of codependent family members of problem drug use individuals. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 133 relatives of psychoactive substances users who called the Brazilian drug hotline (Ligue 132) between 2013 and 2015, from the five regions of Brazil. The following instruments were used: General service protocol; Family assistance protocol; Holyoake Codependency Index; Behavioral Adherence Scale; and Adherence Factor Questionnaire. Univariate analysis of data was performed for categorical variables and Chi-square test for comparison between variables, with p < 0.05. The sample showed a predominance of women (91.7%), especially mothers (82.7%). Among the investigated factors, alcohol as the substance involved in the problem showed a significant association with the non-adherence to treatment through teleintervention of family members.
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Wilson SR, Lubman DI, Rodda S, Manning V, Yap MBH. The impact of problematic substance use on partners’ interpersonal relationships: qualitative analysis of counselling transcripts from a national online service. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2018.1472217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samara R. Wilson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dan I. Lubman
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Australia
| | - Simone Rodda
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Victoria Manning
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Australia
| | - Marie B. H. Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Lima DJR, Sakiyama HMT, Padin MDFR, Canfield M, Bortolon CB, Mitsuhiro SS, Ramos Laranjeira R. Characteristics of Brazilian women affected by a substance misusing relative. J Addict Dis 2019; 37:146-150. [PMID: 31328679 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2019.1637994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As in many other health disorders, people who misuse substances tend to be assisted by female caregivers. Despite this, little is known about the characteristics of women affected by a substance misusing relative (SMR). Data from 2541 Brazilian female affected family members (AFM) were analyzed. The majority of participants were mothers, age 45 or above, in a relationship, responsible for the substance use treatment of the SMR, and were related to a male SMR. High levels of physical and psychological symptoms were associated with socioeconomic status, mothers, responsibility for the SMR's treatment, cocaine and crack-cocaine as substance of the preference of the SMR, and financial contraints as reasons for the delay to seeking help. Findings demonstrate the complex social systems associated with female AFMs and the need of gender sensitive approaches to address the AFM's coping responses to the substance misuse problem in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Ratto Padin
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martha Canfield
- Psychology Department, Health Psychology Section, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sandro Sendin Mitsuhiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ramos Laranjeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sola V, Sakiyama HMT, Rato Padin MDF, Canfield M, Bortolon CB, Laranjeira R, Mitsuhiro SS. Measuring stress, coping, strain and hopefulness of Brazilian family members of substance misusers: Factor structure of a set of measures. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1523963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sola
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fatima Rato Padin
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Brazil
| | - Martha Canfield
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ronaldo Laranjeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Brazil
| | - Sandro Sendin Mitsuhiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Brazil
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Orford J, Padin MDFR, Canfield M, Sakiyama HMT, Laranjeira R, Mitsuhiro SS. The burden experienced by Brazilian family members affected by their relatives’ alcohol or drug misuse. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2017.1393500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Orford
- School of Psychology, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria de Fátima Rato Padin
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martha Canfield
- Health Psychology Section, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ronaldo Laranjeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Sendin Mitsuhiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Public Policy for Alcohol and Other Drugs, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mangueira SDO, Lopes MVDO. Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional family processes related to alcoholism. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:2401-12. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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