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Bonacina G, Carollo A, Esposito G. The Genetic Side of the Mood: A Scientometric Review of the Genetic Basis of Mood Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020352. [PMID: 36833279 PMCID: PMC9956267 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are highly heritable psychiatric disorders. Over the years, many genetic polymorphisms have been identified to pose a higher risk for the development of mood disorders. To overview the literature on the genetics of mood disorders, a scientometric analysis was performed on a sample of 5342 documents downloaded from Scopus. The most active countries and the most impactful documents in the field were identified. Furthermore, a total of 13 main thematic clusters emerged in the literature. From the qualitative inspection of clusters, it emerged that the research interest moved from a monogenic to a polygenic risk framework. Researchers have moved from the study of single genes in the early 1990s to conducting genome-wide association studies around 2015. In this way, genetic overlaps between mood disorders and other psychiatric conditions emerged too. Furthermore, around the 2010s, the interaction between genes and environmental factors emerged as pivotal in understanding the risk for mood disorders. The inspection of thematic clusters provides a valuable insight into the past and recent trends of research in the genetics of mood disorders and sheds light onto future lines of research.
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Facal F, Arrojo M, Paz E, Páramo M, Costas J. Association between psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with schizophrenia and polygenic risk scores based on genes with altered expression by antipsychotics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:139-150. [PMID: 35582973 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether a schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) based on the subset of polymorphisms that affect brain expression of genes with altered expression by antipsychotics (exprAP PRS) is associated with psychiatric readmission of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The study involved 427 patients with schizophrenia. Genes with altered expression by antipsychotics were extracted from the Comparative Toxigenomics Database. ExprAP PRS was estimated using the clumping and thresholding (p < 0.05) method. Two additional PRS were tested based on subsets of exprAP polymorphisms whose schizophrenia risk allele has the same (unrestored PRS) or opposite (restored PRS) direction of effect on gene expression than antipsychotics. A general SCZ PRS was tested for comparison. Logistic and ordinal regression were used to test for association of each PRS with ever readmission and admission history, an outcome based on length and number of admissions, respectively. Webgestalt was used for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. RESULTS ExprAP PRS was associated with ever readmission (OR = 1.48, 95%CI:1.10-1.97) and admission history (OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.07-1.57). SCZ PRS (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48) and unrestored PRS (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.04-1.53) were only associated with admission history. Genes at exprAP PRS were enriched in regulation of cytokine production. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PRS based on genes with altered expression by antipsychotics may be better predictors of readmission than SCZ PRS, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts of patients. The action of antipsychotics may be related to brain gene expression, mainly in genes involved in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Facal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mario Páramo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Al‐Soufi L, Martorell L, Moltó M, González‐Peñas J, García‐Portilla MP, Arrojo M, Rivero O, Gutiérrez‐Zotes A, Nácher J, Muntané G, Paz E, Páramo M, Bobes J, Arango C, Sanjuan J, Vilella E, Costas J. A polygenic approach to the association between smoking and schizophrenia. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13104. [PMID: 34779080 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoking prevalence in schizophrenia is considerably larger than in general population, playing an important role in early mortality. We compared the polygenic contribution to smoking in schizophrenic patients and controls to assess if genetic factors may explain the different prevalence. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for smoking initiation and four genetically correlated traits were calculated in 1108 schizophrenic patients (64.4% smokers) and 1584 controls (31.1% smokers). PRSs for smoking initiation, educational attainment, body mass index and age at first birth were associated with smoking in patients and controls, explaining a similar percentage of variance in both groups. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) PRS was associated with smoking only in schizophrenia. This association remained significant after adjustment by psychiatric cross-disorder PRS. A PRS combining all the traits was more explanative than smoking initiation PRS alone, indicating that genetic susceptibility to the other traits plays an additional role in smoking behaviour. Smoking initiation PRS was also associated with schizophrenia in the whole sample, but the significance was lost after adjustment for smoking status. This same pattern was observed in the analysis of specific SNPs at the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cluster associated with both traits. Overall, the results indicate that the same genetic factors are involved in smoking susceptibility in schizophrenia and in general population and are compatible with smoking acting, directly or indirectly, as a risk factor for schizophrenia that contributes to the high prevalence of smoking in these patients. The contrasting results for ADHD PRS may be related to higher ADHD symptomatology in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al‐Soufi
- Psychiatric Genetics Group Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM); Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV); Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Reus Spain
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
| | - M.Dolores Moltó
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of Genetics Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Javier González‐Peñas
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Ma Paz García‐Portilla
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA); Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA); Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Psychiatric Genetics Group Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Olga Rivero
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of Genetics Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez‐Zotes
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM); Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV); Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Reus Spain
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Nácher
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM); Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV); Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Reus Spain
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Paz
- Psychiatric Genetics Group Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Mario Páramo
- Psychiatric Genetics Group Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA); Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA); Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of Psychiatric, School of Medicine Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM); Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV); Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Reus Spain
- Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Psychiatric Genetics Group Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
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