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Ruckert A, Lake S, Van Katwyk SR. Developing a protocol on antimicrobial resistance through WHO's pandemic treaty will protect lives in future pandemics. Global Health 2024; 20:10. [PMID: 38297334 PMCID: PMC10829236 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the pandemic treaty is a crucial aspect of pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. At the moment, AMR-related provisions in the draft text do not go far enough and will likely lead countries to commit to the status-quo of AMR action. We suggest that the protocol mechanism of the treaty proposed under Article 31 offers an opportunity to develop a subsidiary agreement (or protocol) to further codify the specific obligations and enforcement mechanisms necessary to meet the treaty's AMR provisions. We also highlight experiences with previous treaty implementation that relied on protocols to inform design of a future AMR protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ruckert
- Global Strategy Lab, School of Global Health, York University, M3J 1P3, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shajoe Lake
- Global Strategy Lab, School of Global Health, York University, M3J 1P3, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ekakoro JE, Guptill LF, Hendrix GK, Dorsey L, Ruple A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Mussels in the Wildcat Creek Watershed, Indiana, United States. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040728. [PMID: 37107090 PMCID: PMC10135199 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that threatens the health of humans and animals. The spread of resistance among species may occur through our shared environment. Prevention of AMR requires integrated monitoring systems, and these systems must account for the presence of AMR in the environment in order to be effective. The purpose of this study was to establish and pilot a set of procedures for utilizing freshwater mussels as a means of surveillance for microbes with AMR in Indiana waterways. One hundred and eighty freshwater mussels were sampled from three sites along the Wildcat Creek watershed in north-central Indiana. Specimens were evaluated for the presence of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species), Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella species, and the isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance. A total of 24 bacterial isolates were obtained from tissue homogenates of freshwater mussels collected at a site directly downstream from Kokomo, Indiana. Of these, 17 were Enterobacter spp., five were Escherichia coli, one was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one was Klebsiella pneumoniae. All isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial drug classes. Further work is necessary to determine the source of the bacterial species found in the mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Ekakoro
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lynn F Guptill
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology/Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lauren Dorsey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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3
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M. S. Costa F, Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva M, L. C. Passos M. Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts with Antimicrobial Activity as a Strategy Against Resistant Microorganisms. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Santos JS, Cruz AJS, Ruas CM, Pereira Júnior EA, Mattos FF, Klevens M, Abreu MHNG. Factors associated with the use of a public information system of dentist-prescribed antibiotics in Minas Gerais, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:3741-3750. [PMID: 36000659 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.07422022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors, health care organizations, and the use of a management and monitoring system for the dispensing of antibiotics prescribed by dentists in public health services in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is an ecological-epidemiological study that analyzed secondary data from the Integrated Pharmaceutical Care Management System (SIGAF) of the Department of Health of the state of MG, Brazil, in 2017. Thirteen independent variables were analyzed to assess their influence on municipal adherence to SIGAF system considering dental prescriptions of antibiotics. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, and the Classification and Regression Tree technique was used to identify the municipal variables associated with the outcome. A total of 57,279 antibiotic courses prescribed by dentists and recorded in SIGAF were examined. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with the use of SIGAF to record these prescriptions. Oral healthcare coverage was positively associated with the use of SIGAF for the dispensing of antibiotics prescribed by dentists. Dental Specialties Center were negatively associated with the outcome. Municipalities with high oral healthcare coverage and those without a Dental Specialties Center were more likely to use SIGAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Silva Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-800 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Alex Junio Silva Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-800 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Cristina Mariano Ruas
- Departamento de Farmácia Social, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | | | - Flávio Freitas Mattos
- Departamento de Odontologia Comunitária e Preventiva, Faculdade de Odontologia, UFMG. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Monina Klevens
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston USA
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5
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Chan AHY, Beyene K, Tuck C, Rutter V, Ashiru-Oredope D. Pharmacist beliefs about antimicrobial resistance and impacts on antibiotic supply: a multinational survey. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac062. [PMID: 36035318 PMCID: PMC9400174 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacists have important antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) roles yet limited literature exists on pharmacists' knowledge and beliefs about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobials and how these beliefs influence antimicrobial supply in different countries. Methods A cross-sectional survey was disseminated to pharmacists around the world via the Commonwealth Pharmacists' Association and related networks. Data were collected on demographics, antibiotic supply practices, and knowledge and beliefs about AMR. Results A total of 546 pharmacists responded from 59 countries, most commonly from Africa (41%) followed by Asia (26%) and Oceania (22%). Respondents supplied a mean of 46 ± 81 antibiotic prescriptions/week, 73%±35% of which were given in response to a prescription. Overall, 60.2% dispensed antibiotics at least once without a prescription. Respondents had good knowledge (mean 9.6 ± 1.3 (out of 12), and held positive beliefs about AMR [mean 3.9 ± 0.6 (out of 5)]. Knowledge about antibiotics and beliefs about AMR were positively correlated. The odds of supplying antibiotics without a prescription were 7.4 times higher among respondents from lower income countries [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.42, 95% CI 4.16-13.24]. Conversely, more positive AMR beliefs were associated with a lower odds of supplying antibiotics without a prescription (AOR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.95). Conclusions Most pharmacists had the good knowledge about antibiotics and positive beliefs about AMR. These beliefs were influenced by knowledge, work setting, and country income. A proportion of respondents provided antibiotics without a prescription; the likelihood of this occurring was higher in those who held more negative beliefs about AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hai Yan Chan
- Commonwealth Pharmacists’ Association, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kebede Beyene
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chloe Tuck
- Commonwealth Pharmacists’ Association, London, UK
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Tao Q, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Liu J, Tian C, Huang Z, Malakar PK, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Meta-Analysis for the Global Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens Exhibiting Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906490. [PMID: 35774452 PMCID: PMC9239547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) foodborne bacteria causing bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health. In addition, the ability of some of these bacteria to form biofilms increases the threat level as treatment options may become compromised. The extent of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation among foodborne pathogens remain uncertain globally due to the lack of systematic reviews. We performed a meta-analysis on the global prevalence of foodborne pathogens exhibiting antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation using the methodology of a Cochrane review by accessing data from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, and Web of Science databases between 2010 and 2020. A random effects model of dichotomous variables consisting of antibiotic class, sample source, and foodborne pathogens was completed using data from 332 studies in 36 countries. The results indicated AMR foodborne pathogens has become a worrisome global issue. The prevalence of AMR foodborne pathogens in food samples was greater than 10% and these foodborne pathogens were most resistant to β-lactamase antibiotics with Bacillus cereus being most resistant (94%). The prevalence of AMR foodborne pathogens in human clinical specimens was greater than 19%, and the resistance of these pathogens to the antibiotic class used in this research was high. Independently, the overall biofilm formation rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria was 90% (95% CI, 68%–96%) and a direct linear relationship between biofilm formation ability and antibiotic resistance was not established. Future investigations should document both AMR and biofilm formation of the foodborne pathogen isolated in samples. The additional information could lead to alternative strategies to reduce the burden cause by AMR foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohuan Zhang, ;
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuifang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K. Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Yong Zhao,
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Salamandane A, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Brito L. A high level of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella and Aeromonas isolates from street water sold in Mozambique, associated with the prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC ß-lactamases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:561-567. [PMID: 35603723 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2078627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the resistance profile and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in 30 isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Aeromonas spp. recovered from water sold in the streets of Maputo. Susceptibility profiles to 15 antibiotics were performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines with antibiotic disks on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Multiplex PCRs were performed targeting 10 ß-lactamase genes, five ESBL (blaTEM-variants, blaOXA-variants, BlaSHV-variants, MCTX-M Group 1 and Group 9 variants) and five AmpC (ACC variants, FOX variants, MOX variants, CIT variants and DHA variants). The results showed a high prevalence of Klebsiella resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.5%), amoxicillin (56.3%), ampicillin (50%), cefoxitin (43.8%), and cefotaxime (43.8%). Aeromonas showed resistance to cefoxitin and ampicillin (71.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (57.1%) and imipenem (42.9%). ESBL blaOXA-variants, blaSVH-variants, MCTX-M Group 1 variants, and MCTX-M Group 9 variants were the most prevalent b-lactam genes, followed by the b-lactams AmpC, ACC variants and FOX variants. It is extremely important to improve waterborne disease control strategies, especially in terms of public awareness of the potential health implications of multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella and Aeromonas, which are often neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio Salamandane
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Brito
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Lúrio, Nampula, Mozambique
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8
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Anggraini D, Santosaningsih D, Saharman YR, Endraswari PD, Cahyarini C, Saptawati L, Hayati Z, Farida H, Siregar C, Pasaribu M, Homenta H, Tjoa E, Jasmin N, Sarassari R, Setyarini W, Hadi U, Kuntaman K. Distribution of Carbapenemase Genes among Carbapenem-Non-Susceptible Acinetobacter baumanii Blood Isolates in Indonesia: A Multicenter Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030366. [PMID: 35326829 PMCID: PMC8944540 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAB) is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial bacteremia among critically ill patients worldwide. The magnitude of antibiotic resistance of A. baumanii in Indonesia is expected to be significant; however, the data available are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic profiles of CNSAB isolates from patients with bacteremia in Indonesia. CNSAB isolates from blood cultures of bacteremia patients in 12 hospitals in Indonesia were included. The blood cultures were conducted using the BacT/Alert or BACTEC automated system. The CNSAB were identified with either Vitek 2 system or Phoenix platform followed by a confirmation test using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, targeting the specific gyrB gene. The carbapenemase genes were detected by multiplex PCR. In total, 110 CNSAB isolates were collected and were mostly resistant to nearly all antibiotic classes. The majority of CNSAB isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 45.5% and 38.2%, respectively. The blaOXA-51-like gene was identified in all CNSAB isolates. Out of the total, 83.6% of CNSAB isolates had blaOXA-23-like gene, 37.3% blaOXA-24-like gene, 4.5% blaNDM-1 gene, 0.9% blaIMP-1 gene, and 0.9% blaVIM gene. No blaOXA-48-like gene was identified. The blaOXA-23-like gene was the predominant gene in all except two hospitals. The presence of the blaOXA-24-like gene was associated with resistance to tigecycline, amikacin, TMP-SMX and cefoperazone-sulbactam, while blaOXA-23-like gene was associated with resistance to TMP-SMX and cefoperazone-sulbactam. In conclusion, the blaOXA-23-like gene was the predominant gene among CNSAB isolates throughout Indonesia. A continuous national surveillance system needs to be established to further monitor the genetic profiles of CNSAB in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Anggraini
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28133, Indonesia;
- Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru 28156, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Santosaningsih
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia;
- Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang 65112, Indonesia
| | - Yulia Rosa Saharman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10320, Indonesia;
- Pelni Hospital, Jakarta 11410, Indonesia
| | - Pepy Dwi Endraswari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.D.E.); (R.S.)
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Cahyarini Cahyarini
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Persahabatan General Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia;
| | - Leli Saptawati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia;
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Moewardi Teaching Hospital, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Zinatul Hayati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh 24415, Indonesia
| | - Helmia Farida
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia;
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang 50244, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Heriyannis Homenta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115, Indonesia;
| | - Enty Tjoa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia;
| | - Novira Jasmin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28133, Indonesia;
| | - Rosantia Sarassari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.D.E.); (R.S.)
| | - Wahyu Setyarini
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Usman Hadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.D.E.); (R.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (P.D.E.); (R.S.)
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-31-5020251
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9
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Baede VO, David MZ, Andrasevic AT, Blanc DS, Borg M, Brennan G, Catry B, Chabaud A, Empel J, Enger H, Hallin M, Ivanova M, Kronenberg A, Kuntaman K, Larsen AR, Latour K, Lindsay JA, Pichon B, Santosaningsih D, Schouls LM, Vandenesch F, Werner G, Żabicka D, Žemličková H, Seifert H, Vos MC. MRSA surveillance programmes worldwide: moving towards a harmonised international approach. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106538. [PMID: 35091055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multinational surveillance programmes for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are dependent on national structures for data collection. This study aimed to capture the diversity of national MRSA surveillance programmes and to propose a framework for harmonisation of MRSA surveillance. The International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC) MRSA Working Group conducted a structured survey on MRSA surveillance programmes and organised a webinar to discuss the programmes' strengths and challenges as well as guidelines for harmonisation. Completed surveys represented 24 MRSA surveillance programmes in 16 countries. Several countries reported separate epidemiological and microbiological surveillance. Informing clinicians and national policy-makers were the most common purposes of surveillance. Surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs) was present in all programmes. Other invasive infections were often included. Three countries reported active surveillance of MRSA carriage. Methodology and reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, molecular genotyping and epidemiological metadata varied greatly. Current MRSA surveillance programmes rely upon heterogeneous data collection systems, which hampers international epidemiological monitoring and research. To harmonise MRSA surveillance, we suggest improving the integration of microbiological and epidemiological data, implementation of central biobanks for MRSA isolate collection, and inclusion of a representative sample of skin and soft-tissue infection cases in addition to all BSI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie O Baede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Z David
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arjana Tambic Andrasevic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominique S Blanc
- Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Lausanne site, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Borg
- Department of Infection Control, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Grainne Brennan
- National MRSA Reference Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Boudewijn Catry
- Healthcare-associated infections & antimicrobial resistance, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Chabaud
- Mission nationale SPARES (Surveillance et Prévention de l'AntibioRésistance en Etablissement de santé), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hege Enger
- The Norwegian MRSA Reference Laboratory, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Hallin
- Department of Microbiology, LHUB-ULB, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Ivanova
- East-Tallinn Central Hospital Laboratory, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andreas Kronenberg
- Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Bacteria, Fungi and Parasites, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrien Latour
- Healthcare-associated infections & antimicrobial resistance, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jodi A Lindsay
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Bruno Pichon
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Dewi Santosaningsih
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Leo M Schouls
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - François Vandenesch
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, Germany
| | - Dorota Żabicka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helena Žemličková
- National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Microbiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and National Institute of Public Health, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Margreet C Vos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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10
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Chakraborty S, Dutta H. Use of nature‐derived antimicrobial substances as safe disinfectants and preservatives in food processing industries: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himjyoti Dutta
- Department of Food Technology Mizoram University Aizawl India
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11
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Lim C, Ashley EA, Hamers RL, Turner P, Kesteman T, Akech S, Corso A, Mayxay M, Okeke IN, Limmathurotsakul D, van Doorn HR. Surveillance strategies using routine microbiology for antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1391-1399. [PMID: 34111583 PMCID: PMC7613529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine microbiology results are a valuable source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as in high-income countries. Different approaches and strategies are used to generate AMR surveillance data. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review strategies for AMR surveillance using routine microbiology results in LMICs and to highlight areas that need support to generate high-quality AMR data. SOURCES We searched PubMed for papers that used routine microbiology to describe the epidemiology of AMR and drug-resistant infections in LMICs. We also included papers that, from our perspective, were critical in highlighting the biases and challenges or employed specific strategies to overcome these in reporting AMR surveillance in LMICs. CONTENT Topics covered included strategies of identifying AMR cases (including case-finding based on isolates from routine diagnostic specimens and case-based surveillance of clinical syndromes), of collecting data (including cohort, point-prevalence survey, and case-control), of sampling AMR cases (including lot quality assurance surveys), and of processing and analysing data for AMR surveillance in LMICs. IMPLICATIONS The various AMR surveillance strategies warrant a thorough understanding of their limitations and potential biases to ensure maximum utilization and interpretation of local routine microbiology data across time and space. For instance, surveillance using case-finding based on results from clinical diagnostic specimens is relatively easy to implement and sustain in LMIC settings, but the estimates of incidence and proportion of AMR is at risk of biases due to underuse of microbiology. Case-based surveillance of clinical syndromes generates informative statistics that can be translated to clinical practices but needs financial and technical support as well as locally tailored trainings to sustain. Innovative AMR surveillance strategies that can easily be implemented and sustained with minimal costs will be useful for improving AMR data availability and quality in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Lim
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Elizabeth A Ashley
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Raph L Hamers
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Paul Turner
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Thomas Kesteman
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Samuel Akech
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alejandra Corso
- National/Regional Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL), Servicio Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Research and Education Development (IRED), University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Iruka N Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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12
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Morel CM, de Kraker MEA, Harbarth S. Surveillance of Resistance to New Antibiotics in an Era of Limited Treatment Options. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:652638. [PMID: 33954161 PMCID: PMC8091962 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.652638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As with any health threat, our ability to respond to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance depends on our ability to understand the scale of the problem, magnitude, geographical spread, and trends over time. This is especially true for resistance emergence to newer antibiotics coming to the market as last-resort treatments. Yet current antibiotic surveillance systems are limited to monitoring resistance to commonly prescribed drugs that have been on the market for a long time. This qualitative study determined the essential elements and requirements of antimicrobial resistance surveillance for new antibiotics based on literature review, interviews and expert consensus. After an extensive mapping exercise, 10 experts participated in a modified Delphi consultation to identify consensus on all elements required for surveillance of resistance to novel antibiotics. The main findings indicate that there is a need for a two-phase system; an early alert system transitioning to routine surveillance, led by the public sector to gather and share essential data on resistance to newer antibiotics in a transparent manner. The system should be decentralized, run largely from national level, but be coordinated by an arm of an existing international public health institution. Priority should be given to monitoring emergence of resistance among already multi-drug resistant pathogens causing infections, over a broader selection of pathogens to maximize clinical impact. In conclusion, we cannot rely on current AMR surveillance systems to monitor resistance emergence to new antibiotics. A new, public system should be set-up, starting with a focus on detecting resistance emergence, but expanding to a more comprehensive surveillance as soon as there is regional spread of resistance to the new antibiotic. This article provides a framework based on expert agreement, which could guide future initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Morel
- University of Geneva Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,University Hospital Bonn, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marlieke E A de Kraker
- Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Raboisson D, Ferchiou A, Corre T, Perez S, Sans P, Lhermie G, Dervillé M. Could Contracts between Pharmaceutical Firms and French Veterinarians Bias Prescription Behaviour: A Principal-Agency Theory Approach in the Context of Oligopolies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020176. [PMID: 33578688 PMCID: PMC7916326 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In France, veterinarians can both prescribe and deliver veterinary medicines, which is a questionable situation from the perspective of antimicrobial use (AMU) reduction to avoid antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This situation places veterinarians in direct commercial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry as purchase contracts are signed between veterinarians and pharmaceutical companies. The aim of the present work is to analyse the relationships between veterinarians and pharmaceutical firms in the oligopoly market context of French veterinary medicine to determine whether the prescription behaviour of practitioners can be biased by joint prescription and delivery. Therefore, we develop an analysis based on principal-agent theory. Contracts between pharmaceutical companies and veterinarians during the 2008–2014 period were analysed based on 382 contracts related to 47 drugs belonging to eight main pharmaceutical firms (2320 observations). The price per unit after rebate of each drug and contract was calculated. The descriptive analysis demonstrated high disparity among the contracts across pharmaceutical firms with regard to the provisions of the contracts and how they are presented. Then, linear regression was used to explain the price per unit after rebate based on the explanatory variables, which included the yearly purchase objective, year, type of drug and type of rebate. The decrease in price per unit after rebate for each extra €1000 purchase objective per drug category was established to be €0.061 per 100 kg body weight for anticoccidiosis treatments, €0.029 per 100 kg body weight for anti-inflammatories, €0.0125 per 100 kg body weight and €0.0845 per animal for antiparasitics, and €0.031 per animal for intramammary antimicrobials. Applying agency theory reveals that veterinarians can be considered agents in the case of monopolistic situations involving pharmaceutical firms; otherwise, veterinarians are considered principals (oligopolistic situations in which at least several medicines have similar indications). The present study does not provide evidence suggesting that joint prescription and delivery may introduce any potential prescription bias linked to conflicts of interest under the market conditions during the 2008–2014 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Raboisson
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (A.F.); (S.P.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Ferchiou
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (A.F.); (S.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Tifenn Corre
- US ODR, INRAE, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France;
| | - Sylvain Perez
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (A.F.); (S.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Pierre Sans
- UR 1303 ALISS, INRAE, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France;
| | - Guillaume Lhermie
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France, ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; (A.F.); (S.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Marie Dervillé
- Université de Toulouse, LEREPS, ENSFEA, 31300 IEP de Toulouse, France;
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Ma F, Xu S, Tang Z, Li Z, Zhang L. Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Fiamanya S, Cipolla L, Prieto M, Stelling J. Exploring the value of MALDI-TOF MS for the detection of clonal outbreaks of Burkholderia contaminans. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 181:106130. [PMID: 33383044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular genetics has risen in both output and affordability to become the gold standard in diagnosis, however it is not yet available for most routine clinical microbiology due to cost and the level of skill it requires. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) approaches may be useful in bridging the gap between low-resolution phenotypic methods and bulky genotypic methods in the goal of epidemiological source-typing of microbes. Burkholderia has been shown to be identifiable at the subspecies level using MALDI-TOF MS. There have not yet been studies assessing the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to source-type Burkholderia contaminans isolates into epidemiologically relevant outbreak clusters. METHODS 55 well-characterised B. contaminans isolates were used to create a panel for analysis of MALDI-TOF MS biomarker peaks and their relation to outbreak strains, location, source, patient, diagnosis and isolate genetics. Unsupervised clustering was performed and classification models were generated using biostatistical analysis software. RESULTS B. contaminans spectra derived from MALDI-TOF MS were of sufficiently high resolution to identify 100% of isolates. Unsupervised clustering methods showed poor evidence of spectra clustering by all characteristics measured. Classification algorithms were discriminatory, with Genetic Algorithm models showing 100% recognition capability for all outbreaks, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typeability model, and 96.63% recognition for the location model. A consistent peak at m/z of approximately 6943 was identified in all non-typeable strains but in none of the typeable strains. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-TOF MS successfully discriminates B. contaminans isolates into clonal, epidemiological clusters, and can recognise isolates non-typeable by PFGE. Further work should investigate this capability, and include peptide studies and genomic sequencing to identify individual proteins or genes responsible for this non-typeablity, particularly at the peak weight identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selali Fiamanya
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucía Cipolla
- Servicio Bacteriología Especial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas 'Dr. C. G. Malbrán', Av Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Prieto
- Servicio Bacteriología Especial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas 'Dr. C. G. Malbrán', Av Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John Stelling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Pezzani MD, Mazzaferri F, Compri M, Galia L, Mutters NT, Kahlmeter G, Zaoutis TE, Schwaber MJ, Rodríguez-Baño J, Harbarth S, Tacconelli E. Linking antimicrobial resistance surveillance to antibiotic policy in healthcare settings: the COMBACTE-Magnet EPI-Net COACH project. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:ii2-ii19. [PMID: 33280049 PMCID: PMC7719409 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically summarize the evidence on how to collect, analyse and report antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data to inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) teams providing guidance on empirical antibiotic treatment in healthcare settings. METHODS The research group identified 10 key questions about the link between AMR surveillance and AMS using a checklist of 9 elements for good practice in health research priority settings and a modified 3D combined approach matrix, and conducted a systematic review of published original studies and guidelines on the link between AMR surveillance and AMS. RESULTS The questions identified focused on AMS team composition; minimum infrastructure requirements for AMR surveillance; organisms, samples and susceptibility patterns to report; data stratification strategies; reporting frequency; resistance thresholds to drive empirical therapy; surveillance in high-risk hospital units, long-term care, outpatient and veterinary settings; and surveillance data from other countries. Twenty guidelines and seven original studies on the implementation of AMR surveillance as part of an AMS programme were included in the literature review. CONCLUSIONS The evidence summarized in this review provides a useful basis for a more integrated process of developing procedures to report AMR surveillance data to drive AMS interventions. These procedures should be extended to settings outside the acute-care institutions, such as long-term care, outpatient and veterinary. Without proper AMR surveillance, implementation of AMS policies cannot contribute effectively to the fight against MDR pathogens and may even worsen the burden of adverse events from such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diletta Pezzani
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fulvia Mazzaferri
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Compri
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Liliana Galia
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nico T Mutters
- Bonn University Hospital, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Theoklis E Zaoutis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Infectious Diseases Division, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell J Schwaber
- National Centre for Infection Control, Israel Ministry of Health and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Department of Medicine, University of Seville/Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Program, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Clinical Research Unit for Healthcare Associated Infections, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Optimizing a Screening Protocol for Potential Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Escherichia coli on MacConkey Agar for Use in a Global Surveillance Program. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.01039-19. [PMID: 32434784 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01039-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is worrisome. Coordinated efforts to better understand global prevalence and risk factors are needed. Developing lower- and middle-income countries need reliable, readily available, and cost-effective solutions for detecting ESBL E. coli to contribute to global surveillance. We evaluated MacConkey agar supplemented with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime as a screening method for accurately detecting and quantifying potential ESBL E. coli MacConkey agar from eight manufacturers, representing seven countries, was prepared with 2 or 4 μg/ml ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Four E. coli strains (NC11, ATCC 25922, CM-13457, and CM-10455) and one Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (CM-11073) were grown overnight, serially diluted, and plated in triplicate for enumeration on all medium combinations. After recovery was assessed, US-1 MacConkey agar with cefotaxime was used to further evaluate the reproducibility and detection of potential ESBL E. coli from poultry cecal (n = 30) and water (n = 30) samples. Results indicated the recovery of E. coli 13457 from four MacConkey agar manufacturers was reduced by up to 4 log CFU/ml, and phenotypic differences in colony size and color were apparent for each manufacturer for control E. coli strains. A true ESBL, NC11, was not reduced with 4 μg/ml cefotaxime. From ceca and water, potential ESBL E. coli isolates were only confirmed from MacConkey agar with 4 μg/ml cefotaxime, where 45% and 16.6% of E. coli isolates phenotypically expressed ESBL production. The quality and reproducibility of MacConkey agar varied by manufacturer, which suggests that a single manufacturer and medium type should be selected for global monitoring efforts so that training and interpretation can be standardized.
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Baldi M, Barquero Calvo E, Hutter SE, Walzer C. Salmonellosis detection and evidence of antibiotic resistance in an urban raccoon population in a highly populated area, Costa Rica. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:852-860. [PMID: 31359623 PMCID: PMC6852039 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild animals are involved in zoonotic disease transmission cycles. These are generally complex and poorly understood, especially among animals adapted to life in human ecosystems. Raccoons are reservoirs and effective carriers for infectious agents such as Salmonella throughout different environments and contribute to the transference of resistance genes. This study examined the presence of circulating Salmonella sp. in a population of raccoons in a tropical urban environment and evaluated resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat salmonellosis. A total of 97 raccoons of different ages and sex were included in this study. 49% (38-60 CI) of the faecal samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The study identified 15 circulating serovars with the most prevalent being S. Hartford (7/15), S. Typhimurium (4/15) and S. Bovismorbificans (4/15). These serovars correspond to the serovars detected in humans with clinical symptoms in Costa Rica. 9.5% of the Salmonella strains recovered demonstrated ciprofloxacin resistance, and 7.1% showed resistance to nalidixic acid. This study provides evidence of multiple Salmonella serovars circulating in a population of urban raccoons in Costa Rica. Furthermore, the study confirms the existence of antimicrobial resistance to two antibiotics used to treat human salmonellosis. The findings emphasize the role of the raccoon as a reservoir of Salmonella in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GAM) and stress the need for active monitoring of the presence and possible spread in antibiotic resistance due to this peri-domestic carnivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Baldi
- Research Institute of Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary MedicineNational UniversityHerediaCosta Rica
| | - Elías Barquero Calvo
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary MedicineNational UniversityHerediaCosta Rica
| | - Sabine E. Hutter
- Institute of Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary, MedicineViennaAustria
- National Animal Health Service (SENASA)Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG)HerediaCosta Rica
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyWildlife Health ProgramBronxNYUSA
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Cruz BG, Rodrigues Teixeira AM, Silva PTD, Vasconcelos Evaristo FF, de Vaconcelos MA, Holanda Teixeira E, Dos Santos HS, Bandeira PN, Sena-Júnior DMD, Barreto VP, Coutinho HDM. Antimicrobial activity of the lupane triterpene 3 β,6 β,16 β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene isolated from Combretum leprosum Mart. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1438-1444. [PMID: 31385784 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Combretum leprosum (Combretaceae) is commonly found in the Northeast Region of Brazil and is known for several bioactivities, including antimicrobial ones. Because of increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance, natural products from several plants have been studied as putative adjuvants to antibiotic activity, including products from C. leprosum. Aims. This study was carried out to investigate the structural properties, bactericidal activity and antibiotic modifying action of the lupane triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF1) isolated from C. leprosum Mart. leaves.Methods. The CLF1 was evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method and the antibacterial activity of this compound was assayed alone and in association with antibiotics by microdilution assay.Results. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the molecular structure of the CLF1 and permitted assignment of the main infrared bands of this natural product. Microbiological assays showed that this lupane triterpene possesses antibacterial action with clinical relevance against Staphylococcus aureus. The CLF1 triterpene increased antimicrobial activity against the multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli 06 strain when associated with the antibiotics gentamicin and amikacin. Synergistic effects were observed against the S. aureus 10 strain in the presence of the CLF1 triterpene with the antibiotic gentamicin.Conclusion. In conclusion, the CLF1 compound may be useful in the development of antibacterial drugs against the aforementioned bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscila Teixeira da Silva
- Science and Technology Centre - Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Mayron Alves de Vaconcelos
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Science and Technology Centre - Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Science and Technology Centre - Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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Barnes CE, MacIntyre CR. Risk modelling the mortality impact of antimicrobial resistance in secondary pneumococcal pneumonia infections during the 2009 influenza pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 85:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Rousham EK, Unicomb L, Islam MA. Human, animal and environmental contributors to antibiotic resistance in low-resource settings: integrating behavioural, epidemiological and One Health approaches. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0332. [PMID: 29643217 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is recognized as a One Health challenge because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria and genes among humans, animals and the environment on a global scale. However, there is a paucity of research assessing ABR contemporaneously in humans, animals and the environment in low-resource settings. This critical review seeks to identify the extent of One Health research on ABR in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing research has highlighted hotspots for environmental contamination; food-animal production systems that are likely to harbour reservoirs or promote transmission of ABR as well as high and increasing human rates of colonization with ABR commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli However, very few studies have integrated all three components of the One Health spectrum to understand the dynamics of transmission and the prevalence of community-acquired resistance in humans and animals. Microbiological, epidemiological and social science research is needed at community and population levels across the One Health spectrum in order to fill the large gaps in knowledge of ABR in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Rousham
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Leanne Unicomb
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kalungia AC, Mwambula H, Munkombwe D, Marshall S, Schellack N, May C, Jones ASC, Godman B. Antimicrobial stewardship knowledge and perception among physicians and pharmacists at leading tertiary teaching hospitals in Zambia: implications for future policy and practice. J Chemother 2019; 31:378-387. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2019.1622293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Marshall
- Brighton and Sussex Medical Schools, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Natalie Schellack
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Claire May
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Anja St. Claire Jones
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, National Health Service, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Brian Godman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kazi M, Khot R, Shetty A, Rodrigues C. Rapid detection of the commonly encountered carbapenemases (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, OXA-48/181) directly from various clinical samples using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 36:369-375. [PMID: 30429389 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance due to New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) and OXA-48/181 continues to emerge as a threat which is associated with nosocomial outbreaks and is a serious healthcare concern. Phenotypic detection being laborious and time-consuming requires rapid detection of NDM and OXA-48/181, which is achieved through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods In this study, RT-PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect NDM and OXA-48/181. The assay was validated on 102 non-duplicate, phenotypically characterised clinical samples. Results The assay showed a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 100% for the detection of carbapenemases in comparison to conventional PCR. The in-house developed multiplex RT-PCR would help to rule-in the presence of NDM and OXA-48/181. Conclusions Rapid detection of these carbapenemases would be assist in better patient management, in terms of accurate antimicrobial treatment, help in cohorting infected from uninfected patient to prevent spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubin Kazi
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rukhsar Khot
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Shetty
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Camilla Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Diptyanusa A, Ngamprasertchai T, Piyaphanee W. A review of antibiotic prophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea: past to present. TROPICAL DISEASES TRAVEL MEDICINE AND VACCINES 2018; 4:14. [PMID: 30455974 PMCID: PMC6223076 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-018-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As there is rapid increase in international travel to tropical and subtropical countries, there will likely be more people exposed to diarrheal pathogens in these moderate to high risk areas and subsequent increased concern for traveler’s diarrhea. The disease may appear as a mild clinical syndrome, yet a more debilitating presentation can lead to itinerary changes and hospitalization. As bacterial etiologies are the most common causative agents of TD, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent TD has been reported among travelers for several years. The most common type of antibiotic used for TD has changed over 50 years, depending on many influencing factors. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for TD prevention in travelers is still controversial, mainly because of difficulties balancing the risks and benefits. Many factors, such as emerging drug resistance, side effects, cost and risk behavior need to be considered. This article aims to review antibiotic prophylaxis from the 1950s to 2000s, to describe the trend and reasons for different antibiotic use in each decade. We conclude that prophylactic antibiotics should be restricted to some high-risk travelers or short-term critical trips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajib Diptyanusa
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Thundon Ngamprasertchai
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Piyaphanee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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Influence of Proline Substitution on the Bioactivity of Mammalian-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide NK-2. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:118-127. [PMID: 29043494 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are emerging as a global threat, making the search for alternative compounds urgent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) became a promising hotspot due to their distinct action mechanism and possibility to be used as an alternative or complement to traditional antibiotics. However, gaining a better understanding about the relationship between antimicrobial peptides structure and its bioactivity is crucial for the development of next generation of antimicrobial agents. NK-2, derived from mammalian protein NK-lysin, has potent antitumor and bactericidal abilities. As proline was considered to be an effective α-helix breaker due to its restricted conformation, to better comprehend the effects of proline in the structure-activity relationship of NK-2, we constructed two NK-2 analogs. We examined the biological activities of NK-2 and its proline substitution analogs and analyzed the resulting conformational changes. Our results showed that introducing proline into the primary sequence of NK-2 significantly decreased the antitumor, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects, as well as DNA binding activity by changing the α-helix content. However, α-helical content was not the only determining factor, the position of proline inserted was also critical. This study will allow for clearer insight into the role of proline in structure and bioactivity of NK-2 and provide a foundation for future studies.
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Pitout JDD. Transmission Surveillance for Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms in the Health System. Microbiol Spectr 2018; 6:10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0010-2016. [PMID: 30191805 PMCID: PMC11633628 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0010-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance involves the collection of antibiotic susceptibility patterns undertaken by clinical microbiology laboratories on bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Global surveillance programs have shown that antibiotic resistance is a major threat to the public at large and play a crucial role in the development of enhanced diagnostics as well as potential vaccines and novel antibiotics with activity against antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This review focuses primarily on examples of global surveillance systems. Local, national, and global integrated surveillance programs with sufficient data linkage between these schemes, accompanied by enhanced genomics and user-friendly bioinformatics systems, promise to overcome some of the stumbling blocks encountered in the understanding, emergence, and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann D D Pitout
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Microbiology, Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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27
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Xiong W, Sun Y, Zeng Z. Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in food animals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18377-18384. [PMID: 29802609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials have been widely used in food animals for growth promotion since the 1950s. Antimicrobial resistance emerges in animal production settings and frequently spreads to humans through the food chain and direct contact. There have been international efforts to restrict or ban antimicrobials used for both humans and animals. Denmark has taken positive strides in the development of a comprehensive database DANMAP to track antimicrobial usage and resistance. Although food animals are sources of antimicrobial resistance, there is little evidence that antimicrobial resistance originates from food animals. This review comprehensively introduces the history and trends of antimicrobial use, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in food animals provides suggestions to tackle the problems of the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Xiong
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Carter DL, Docherty KM, Gill SA, Baker K, Teachout J, Vonhof MJ. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are widespread in songbirds across rural and urban environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1234-1241. [PMID: 30857088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine to treat pathogenic bacteria has resulted in the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Wild animals may enable the spread of pathogenic and non-pathogenic ARB when they are exposed to reservoirs (e.g., contaminated soil, water, or crops) and carry ARB in and on their bodies to other environments. We tested for the presence of ARB in four songbird species in southwest Michigan across a gradient of land use. Our specific objectives were to: 1) quantify the prevalence of ARB found in the gut microbiome of birds; 2) identify the specific bacteria exhibiting resistance; 3) assess whether ARB prevalence and identity varied among bird species; and 4) assess whether anthropogenic land use influenced the prevalence and identity of ARB found on birds. We sampled birds across a land use gradient consisting of urban, agricultural, and natural land covers using a randomized, spatially-balanced sampling design and cultured bacteria from fecal samples in the presence of three different antibiotics (amoxicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin). Overall prevalence of ARB was high, with 88% of total birds carrying ARB resistant to one of three antibiotics that we tested. Resistance to amoxicillin was more common (83% of sampled birds) than resistance to tetracycline (15%) or ciprofloxacin (1%). Identified ARB were diverse, and included 135 isolates representing 5 bacterial phyla and 22 genera. There was no effect of land use on ARB prevalence, with 90% of sampled birds captured in rural sites and 85% of sampled birds in urban sites carrying ARB. We provide the first analysis of ARB prevalence across multiple bird species and land uses utilizing a spatially-balanced, randomized study design. Our results demonstrate that nearly all sampled birds carried at least some ARB, and that they may serve as important dispersal agents of ARB across large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Carter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Kathryn M Docherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Sharon A Gill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Kathleen Baker
- Department of Geography, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Jordan Teachout
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Maarten J Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States.
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Ogawa D, Mochitate M, Furukawa M, Hasunuma I, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Iwamuro S. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides Brevinin-1ULf and Ulmin-1ULa in the Skin of the Newly Classified Ryukyu Brown Frog Rana ulma. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:523-531. [PMID: 29219046 DOI: 10.2108/zs170084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were previously isolated from the skin of the Ryukyu brown frog Rana okinavana. However, this species has recently been reclassified as two species, i.e., Rana kobai and Rana ulma. As a result, it was determined that AMPs isolated from R. okinavana were in fact products of R. kobai, but not of R. ulma. In the present study, we collected skin samples from the species R. ulma and cloned twelve cDNAs encoding AMP precursors for the acyclic brevinin-1ULa--1ULf, the temporin-ULa-ULc, ranatuerin-2ULa, japonicin-1ULa, and a novel peptide using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. The deduced amino acid sequence of the novel peptide had a high similarity to those of Rana chensinensis chensinin-1CEa--1CEc, which were cloned by Zhao et al. ( 2011 ), but had a low similarity with R. chensinensis chensinin-1, which was cloned by Shang et al. ( 2009 ). To avoid confusion with these two different chensinin-1 families, we termed our peptide ulmin-1. Among these peptides, we focused on two peptides, brevinin-1ULf and ulmin-1ULa, and examined the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of their synthetic replicates. In broth microdilution assays, growth inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans were detected for brevinin-1ULf but not for ulmin-1ULa, whereas scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that both peptides induce morphological abnormalities in these microbes. In addition, binding activity of ulmin-1ULa to the bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid was higher than that of brevinin-1ULf. In contrast, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of brevinin-1ULf were stronger than those of ulmin-1ULa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogawa
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maki Mochitate
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Furukawa
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hasunuma
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- 2 Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shawichi Iwamuro
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Seale AC, Gordon NC, Islam J, Peacock SJ, Scott JAG. AMR Surveillance in low and middle-income settings - A roadmap for participation in the Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS). Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:92. [PMID: 29062918 PMCID: PMC5645727 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12527.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant infections caused by bacteria with increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threaten our ability to treat life-threatening conditions. Tackling AMR requires international collaboration and partnership. An early and leading priority to do this is to strengthen AMR surveillance, particularly in low-income countries where the burden of infectious diseases is highest and where data are most limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS) as one of a number of measures designed to tackle the problem of AMR, and WHO member states have been encouraged to produce National Action Plans for AMR by 2017. However, low-income countries are unlikely to have the resources or capacity to implement all the components in the GLASS manual. To facilitate their efforts, we developed a guideline that is aligned to the GLASS procedures, but written specifically for implementation in low-income countries. The guideline allows for flexibility across different systems, but has sufficient standardisation of core protocols to ensure that, if followed, data will be valid and comparable. This will ensure that the surveillance programme can provide health intelligence data to inform evidence-based interventions at local, national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Seale
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - N. Claire Gordon
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jasmin Islam
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sharon J. Peacock
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Anthony G. Scott
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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Rabbani MAG, Howlader MZH, Kabir Y. Detection of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in untreated waste water disposals of hospitals in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:120-125. [PMID: 28729208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence of MDR bacteria is a global problem and a major burden for treatment of various infectious diseases. This study was performed to detect antibiotic resistant bacteria in untreated hospital waste. METHOD Waste water samples were collected from sewerage disposal points of two renowned hospital of Dhaka city and a total of 59 Escherichia coli and 29 Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility were measured by disc diffusion method. RESULTS Resistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae to 10 frequently used antibiotic tested were respectively as follows: cefotaxime (CTX) 48 and 45%; ceftazidime (CAZ) 40 and 38%; ampicillin (AMP) 71 and 100%; streptomycin (S) 50 and 34%; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) 58 and 28%; ciprofloxacin (CIP) 71 and 48%; kanamycin (K) 38 and 10%; chloramphenicol (C) 28 and 10%; gentamycin (CN) 19 and 16% and imipenem (IPM) 12 and 7%. Results also demonstrate that the sites that were at the disposal point of hospital waste have higher degree of resistance. High degree of resistance was observed when 23 high-resistant E. coli isolates were further tested with 15 additional antibiotics. CONCLUSION This study revealed a significant rise of MDR bacteria in the hospital waste and underscore necessity of hospital waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A G Rabbani
- Nutrition and Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Currently with the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Md Zakir Hossain Howlader
- Nutrition and Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Nutrition and Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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Ahasan MS, Picard J, Elliott L, Kinobe R, Owens L, Ariel E. Evidence of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriales isolated from green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas on the Great Barrier Reef. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:18-27. [PMID: 28476351 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Enterobacteriales and their antimicrobial resistance in green sea turtles captured adjacent to the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and proximate to urban development. Cloacal swabs were taken from 73 green turtles between 2015 and 2016. A total of 154 out of 341 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were identified as Enterobacteriales that represent 16 different species from 9 different genera. The dominant isolates were Citrobacter (30.52%), Edwardsiella (21.43%) and Escherichia (12.34%). The resistance against 12 antibiotics belonging to 6 different classes was determined. The isolates showed highest resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (78.57%) followed by quinolone (50%) and tetracycline classes (46.1%). Approximately one-third (37.7%) of the isolates identified exhibited multidrug-resistance. Isolates recovered from rehabilitated turtles were significantly multidrug resistant (p<0.009) compared to isolates from other study sites. These results provide baseline information on antimicrobial resistance while revealing gaps for further research to evaluate the level of pollution in the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Ahasan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Quensland, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Picard
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Quensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Elliott
- AusPhage, 10 Heather Avenue, Rasmussen, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Robert Kinobe
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Quensland, Australia
| | - Leigh Owens
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Quensland, Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Quensland, Australia
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Natale A, Stelling J, Meledandri M, Messenger LA, D'Ancona F. Use of WHONET-SaTScan system for simulated real-time detection of antimicrobial resistance clusters in a hospital in Italy, 2012 to 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:30484. [PMID: 28333615 PMCID: PMC5356424 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.11.30484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistant pathogens infections cause in healthcare settings, higher patient mortality, longer hospitalisation times and higher costs for treatments. Strengthening and coordinating local, national and international surveillance systems is the cornerstone for the control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, the WHONET-SaTScan software was applied in a hospital in Italy to identify potential outbreaks of AMR. Data from San Filippo Neri Hospital in Rome between 2012 and 2014 were extracted from the national surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (AR-ISS) and analysed using the simulated prospective analysis for real-time cluster detection included in the WHONET-SaTScan software. Results were compared with the hospital infection prevention and control system. The WHONET-SaTScan identified 71 statistically significant clusters, some involving pathogens carrying multiple resistance phenotypes. Of these 71, three were also detected by the hospital system, while a further 15, detected by WHONET-SaTScan only, were considered of relevant importance and worth further investigation by the hospital infection control team. In this study, the WHONET-SaTScan system was applied for the first time to the surveillance of AMR in Italy as a tool to strengthen this surveillance to allow more timely intervention strategies both at local and national level, using data regularly collected by the Italian national surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Natale
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Stelling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, Microbiology Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fortunato D'Ancona
- National Surveillance Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Prevention, Rome, Italy
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Nithya BR, Gladstone BP, Rodríguez-Baño J, Sifakis F, Voss A, Carmeli Y, Burkert FR, Gkolia P, Tacconelli E. EpideMiology and control measures of outBreaks due to Antibiotic-Resistant orGanisms in EurOpe (EMBARGO): a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013634. [PMID: 28057656 PMCID: PMC5223682 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving our understanding of outbreaks due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their control is critical in the current public health scenario. The threat of outbreaks due to ARB requires multifaceted efforts. However, a global overview of epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks due to ARB and effective infection control measures is missing. In this paper, we describe the protocol of a systematic review aimed at mapping and characterising the epidemiological aspects of outbreaks due to ARB and infection control measures in European countries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The databases MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane library will be searched using a 3-step search strategy. Selection of articles for inclusion will be performed by 2 reviewers using predefined eligibility criteria. All study designs will be included if they report an outbreak and define the microbiological methods used for microorganism identification. The target bacteria will be methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, ceftazidime-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, ceftazidime-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant and carbapenamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Data will be extracted using a tailored pilot tested form and the quality of reporting will be assessed using the ORION (Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies Of Nosocomial infections) tool. Data will be synthesised and reported by the type of ARB, setting and country. Infection control measures and bundles of measures will be described. The effectiveness will be reported as defined by the authors. Regression analysis will be used to define independent factors associated with outbreaks' control. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by forest plots and I² statistics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not applicable for this study. Findings will be disseminated through journal publication and conference presentations and talks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Rajendran Nithya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, DZIF Partner Centre, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Beryl Primrose Gladstone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, DZIF Partner Centre, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yehuda Carmeli
- National Center for Antibiotic Resistance and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Francesco Robert Burkert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, DZIF Partner Centre, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Panagiota Gkolia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, DZIF Partner Centre, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, DZIF Partner Centre, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Kronvall G, Smith P. Normalized resistance interpretation, the NRI method: Review of NRI disc test applications and guide to calculations. APMIS 2016; 124:1023-1030. [PMID: 27859688 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) method was developed in response to a call for a method to calibrate disc diffusion test results making inter-laboratory comparisons possible. The main use of NRI so far has been in individual laboratories, in medical and veterinary medicine and in the field of marine microbiology. The applications of NRI for disc diffusion tests are reviewed and, in addition, a detailed description of the calculation procedure is presented. NRI provides a fully objective method for ECOFF calculations of disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Kronvall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Smith
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Queenan K, Häsler B, Rushton J. A One Health approach to antimicrobial resistance surveillance: is there a business case for it? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kalungia AC, Burger J, Godman B, Costa JDO, Simuwelu C. Non-prescription sale and dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies in Zambia. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:1215-1223. [PMID: 27548801 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1227702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Zambia, antibiotics are categorized as prescription-only medicines. Antibiotics dispensed without a prescription pose a public health threat, which is a concern. Consequently, the aim is to ascertain the extent of non-prescription sales and dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies in Zambia. METHODS The practice of non-prescription sale and dispensing were assessed in 73 randomly selected community retail pharmacies, using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire with simulated case scenarios. RESULTS Majority (97%) stated that clients frequently requested non-prescribed antibiotics. Interviewees usually asked clients' indications (94%), counselled on dosing (96%) and suggested changes to antibiotic choices (97%). All (100%) dispensed non-prescribed antibiotics. Commonly dispensed antibiotics included amoxicillin (52%), cotrimoxazole (25%) and metronidazole (23%). Non-prescription sale and dispensing of antibiotics was significantly associated with interviewees' professional qualification in four out of five simulations. CONCLUSION Non-prescription sale and dispensing of antibiotics is widespread in Zambia. Concerted public and professional interventions are needed coupled with stronger regulatory enforcement to reduce this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanita Burger
- b Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), Faculty of Health Sciences , North-West University (Potchefstroom campus) , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- c Division of Clinical Pharmacology , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Costa
- e SUS Collaborating Centre - Health Technology Assessment & Excellence in Health, Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Simões AS, Couto I, Toscano C, Gonçalves E, Póvoa P, Viveiros M, Lapão LV. Prevention and Control of Antimicrobial Resistant Healthcare-Associated Infections: The Microbiology Laboratory Rocks! Front Microbiol 2016; 7:855. [PMID: 27375577 PMCID: PMC4895126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, each year, more than four milion patients acquire a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and almost 40 thousand die as a direct consequence of it. Regardless of many stategies to prevent and control HAIs, they remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a significant economic impact: a recent estimate places it at the ten billion dollars/year. The control of HAIs requires a prompt and efficient identification of the etiological agent and a rapid communication with the clinician. The Microbiology Laboratory has a significant role in the prevention and control of these infections and is a key element of any Infection Control Program. The work of the Microbiology Laboratory covers microbial isolation and identification, determination of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, epidemiological surveillance and outbreak detection, education, and report of quality assured results. In this paper we address the role and importance of the Microbiology Laboratory in the prevention and control of HAI and in Antibiotic Stewardship Programs and how it can be leveraged when combined with the use of information systems. Additionally, we critically review some challenges that the Microbiology Laboratory has to deal with, including the selection of analytic methods and the proper use of communication channels with other healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Simões
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
| | - Cristina Toscano
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, LisbonPortugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
| | - Elsa Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, LisbonPortugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
| | - Pedro Póvoa
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
- Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, LisbonPortugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
| | - Luís V. Lapão
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
- WHO Collaborating Center for Health Workforce Policy and Planning, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, LisbonPortugal
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Yang X, Huang E, Yuan C, Zhang L, Yousef AE. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Brevibacillin, an Antimicrobial Lipopeptide from Brevibacillus laterosporus That Combats Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2763-2772. [PMID: 26921428 PMCID: PMC4836408 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00315-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new environmental bacterial strain exhibited strong antimicrobial characteristics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum, and other Gram-positive bacteria. The producer strain, designated OSY-I1, was determined to be Brevibacillus laterosporusvia morphological, biochemical, and genetic analyses. The antimicrobial agent was extracted from cells of OSY-I1 with isopropanol, purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and structurally analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The MS and NMR results, taken together, uncovered a linear lipopeptide consisting of 13 amino acids and an N-terminal C6 fatty acid (FA) chain, 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid. The lipopeptide (FA-Dhb-Leu-Orn-Ile-Ile-Val-Lys-Val-Val-Lys-Tyr-Leu-valinol, where Dhb is α,β-didehydrobutyric acid and valinol is 2-amino-3-methyl-1-butanol) has a molecular mass of 1,583.0794 Da and contains three modified amino acid residues: α,β-didehydrobutyric acid, ornithine, and valinol. The compound, designated brevibacillin, was determined to be a member of a cationic lipopeptide antibiotic family. In addition to its potency against drug-resistant bacteria, brevibacillin also exhibited low MICs (1 to 8 μg/ml) against selected foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes,Bacillus cereus, and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Purified brevibacillin showed no sign of degradation when it was held at 80 °C for 60 min, and it retained at least 50% of its antimicrobial activity when it was held for 22 h under acidic or alkaline conditions. On the basis of these findings, brevibacillin is a potent antimicrobial lipopeptide which is potentially useful to combat drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - En Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Ghosh A, Bera S, Shai Y, Mangoni ML, Bhunia A. NMR structure and binding of esculentin-1a (1–21)NH 2 and its diastereomer to lipopolysaccharide: Correlation with biological functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:800-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mohanram H, Bhattacharjya S. 'Lollipop'-shaped helical structure of a hybrid antimicrobial peptide of temporin B-lipopolysaccharide binding motif and mapping cationic residues in antibacterial activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1362-72. [PMID: 27015761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporins are attractive templates for the development of antibiotics. However, many temporins are inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. Previously, we demonstrated conjugation of a lipopolysaccharide binding motif peptide to temporins yielded hybrid non-haemolytic AMPs that killed several Gram-negative bacteria. METHODS We carried out a systematic Ala replacement of individual cationic and polar amino acid residues of LG21, a hybrid AMP consisted of temporin B (TB) and LPS binding motif. These Ala containing analogs of LG21 were examined for antibacterial activity, cell membrane permeabilization and liposome leakage assays using optical spectroscopic methods. Atomic resolution structure of LG21 was determined in zwitterionic dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC) micelles by NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Cationic residues in the LPS binding motif of LG21 were critical for bactericidal and membrane permeabilization. Detergent bound structure of LG21 revealed helical conformation containing extensive sidechain/sidechain packing including cation/π interactions in the LPS binding motif. The helical structure of LG21 resembled a 'lollipop' like shape that was sustained by a compacted bulky aromatic/cationic head with a comparatively thinner 'stick' at the N-terminal region. The 'head' of the structure could be localized into micelle-water interfacial region whereas the 'stick' region may be inserted into the hydrophobic core of micelle. CONCLUSIONS The LPS binding motif of LG21 played dominant roles in broad spectrum activity and the 3-D structure provided plausible mechanistic insights for permeabilization of bacterial membrane. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Hybrid AMPs containing LPS binding motif could be useful for the structure based development of broad spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Mohanram
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Dar OA, Hasan R, Schlundt J, Harbarth S, Caleo G, Dar FK, Littmann J, Rweyemamu M, Buckley EJ, Shahid M, Kock R, Li HL, Giha H, Khan M, So AD, Bindayna KM, Kessel A, Pedersen HB, Permanand G, Zumla A, Røttingen JA, Heymann DL. Exploring the evidence base for national and regional policy interventions to combat resistance. Lancet 2016; 387:285-95. [PMID: 26603921 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of existing policies to control antimicrobial resistance is not yet fully understood. A strengthened evidence base is needed to inform effective policy interventions across countries with different income levels and the human health and animal sectors. We examine three policy domains-responsible use, surveillance, and infection prevention and control-and consider which will be the most effective at national and regional levels. Many complexities exist in the implementation of such policies across sectors and in varying political and regulatory environments. Therefore, we make recommendations for policy action, calling for comprehensive policy assessments, using standardised frameworks, of cost-effectiveness and generalisability. Such assessments are especially important in low-income and middle-income countries, and in the animal and environmental sectors. We also advocate a One Health approach that will enable the development of sensitive policies, accommodating the needs of each sector involved, and addressing concerns of specific countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman A Dar
- Public Health England, London, UK; Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, UK.
| | | | - Jørgen Schlundt
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Mark Rweyemamu
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Mohammed Shahid
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Henry Lishi Li
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Mishal Khan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Research Alliance for Advocacy and Development, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anthony D So
- Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Kessel
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alimuddin Zumla
- University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John-Arne Røttingen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David L Heymann
- Public Health England, London, UK; Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, UK; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Shahbazi Dastjerdeh M, Kouhpayeh S, Sabzehei F, Khanahmad H, Salehi M, Mohammadi Z, Shariati L, Hejazi Z, Rabiei P, Manian M. Zinc Finger Nuclease: A New Approach to Overcome Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29384. [PMID: 27099691 PMCID: PMC4833962 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) has been accelerated recently by the indiscriminate application of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance has challenged the success of medical interventions and therefore is considered a hazardous threat to human health. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to describe the use of zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology to target and disrupt a plasmid-encoded β-lactamase, which prevents horizontal gene transfer-mediated evolution of ARBs. MATERIALS AND METHODS An engineered ZFN was designed to target a specific sequence in the ampicillin resistance gene (amp(R)) of the pTZ57R plasmid. The Escherichia coli bacteria already contained the pZFN kanamycin-resistant (kana(R)) plasmid as the case or the pP15A, kana(R) empty vector as the control, were transformed with the pTZ57R; the ability of the designed ZFN to disrupt the β-lactamase gene was evaluated with the subsequent disturbed ability of the bacteria to grow on ampicillin (amp) and ampicillin-kanamycin (amp-kana)-containing media. The effect of mild hypothermia on the ZFN gene targeting efficiency was also evaluated. RESULTS The growth of bacteria in the case group on the amp and amp-kana-containing media was significantly lower compared with the control group at 37°C (P < 0.001). Despite being more efficient in hypothermic conditions at 30°C (P < 0.001), there were no significant associations between the incubation temperature and the ZFN gene targeting efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that the ZFN technology could be employed to overcome ampicillin resistance by the targeted disruption of the ampicillin resistance gene, which leads to inactivation of β-lactam synthesis. Therefore, ZFN technology could be engaged to decrease the antibiotic resistance issue with the construction of a ZFN archive against different ARGs. To tackle the resistance issue at the environmental level, recombinant phages expressing ZFNs against different ARGs could be constructed and released into both hospital and urban wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Shahbazi Dastjerdeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Faezeh Sabzehei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Khanahmad, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-031337922487, Fax: +98-031-3668859, E-mail:
| | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Parisa Rabiei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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Pagès JM, Peslier S, Keating TA, Lavigne JP, Nichols WW. Role of the Outer Membrane and Porins in Susceptibility of β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae to Ceftazidime-Avibactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1349-59. [PMID: 26666933 PMCID: PMC4775948 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01585-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the activity of the novel antimicrobial combination ceftazidime-avibactam against Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting different outer membrane permeability profiles, specifically with or without porins and with or without expression of the main efflux pump (AcrAB-TolC). The addition of the outer membrane permeabilizer polymyxin B nonapeptide increased the antibacterial activities of avibactam alone, ceftazidime alone, and ceftazidime-avibactam against the characterized clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This enhancement of activities was mainly due to increased passive penetration of compounds since inhibition of efflux by the addition of phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide affected the MICs minimally. OmpF (OmpK35) or OmpC (OmpK36) pores were not the major route by which avibactam crossed the outer membranes of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. In contrast, Omp35 and Omp36 allowed diffusion of avibactam across the outer membrane of E. aerogenes, although other diffusion channels for avibactam were also present in that species. It was clear that outer membrane permeability and outer membrane pore-forming proteins play a key role in the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam. Nevertheless, the MICs of ceftazidime-avibactam (with 4 mg/liter avibactam) against the ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of the three species of Enterobacteriaceae studied were ≤ 8 mg/liter, regardless of outer membrane permeability changes resulting from an absence of defined porin proteins or upregulation of efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD-1, Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Marseille, France
| | - Sabine Peslier
- UMR_MD-1, Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas A Keating
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier 1, Nîmes, France Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Wright W Nichols
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Opintan JA, Newman MJ, Arhin RE, Donkor ES, Gyansa-Lutterodt M, Mills-Pappoe W. Laboratory-based nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana. Infect Drug Resist 2015; 8:379-89. [PMID: 26604806 PMCID: PMC4655947 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s88725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Global efforts are underway to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A key target in this intervention is surveillance for local and national action. Data on AMR in Ghana are limited, and monitoring of AMR is nonexistent. We sought to generate baseline data on AMR, and to assess the readiness of Ghana in laboratory-based surveillance. Biomedical scientists in laboratories across Ghana with capacity to perform bacteriological culture were selected and trained. In-house standard operating protocols were used to perform microbiological investigations on clinical specimens. Additional microbiological tests and data analyses were performed at a centralized laboratory. Surveillance data were stored and analyzed using WHONET program files. A total of 24 laboratories participated in the training, and 1,598 data sets were included in the final analysis. A majority of the bacterial species were isolated from outpatients (963 isolates; 60.3%). Urine (617 isolates; 38.6%) was the most common clinical specimen cultured, compared to blood (100 isolates; 6.3%). Ten of 18 laboratories performed blood culture. Bacteria isolated included Escherichia coli (27.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.5%), Streptococcus spp. (2.3%), and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (0.6%). Most of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, and over 80% of them were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing. Minimum inhibitory concentration levels at 50% and at 90% for ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and amikacin on selected multidrug-resistant bacteria species ranged between 2 µg/mL and >256 µg/mL. A range of clinical bacterial isolates were resistant to important commonly used antimicrobials in the country, necessitating an effective surveillance to continuously monitor AMR in Ghana. With local and international support, Ghana can participate in global AMR surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japheth A Opintan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mercy J Newman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Reuben E Arhin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric S Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - William Mills-Pappoe
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
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Sun C, Zhang S. Immune-Relevant and Antioxidant Activities of Vitellogenin and Yolk Proteins in Fish. Nutrients 2015. [PMID: 26506386 DOI: 10.3390/nu710543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg), the major egg yolk precursor protein, is traditionally thought to provide protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for developing embryos and larvae. However, the roles of Vtg as well as its derived yolk proteins lipovitellin (Lv) and phosvitin (Pv) extend beyond nutritional functions. Accumulating data have demonstrated that Vtg, Lv and Pv participate in host innate immune defense with multifaceted functions. They can all act as multivalent pattern recognition receptors capable of identifying invading microbes. Vtg and Pv can also act as immune effectors capable of killing bacteria and virus. Moreover, Vtg and Lv are shown to possess phagocytosis-promoting activity as opsonins. In addition to these immune-relevant functions, Vtg and Pv are found to have antioxidant activity, which is able to protect the host from oxidant stress. These non-nutritional functions clearly deepen our understanding of the physiological roles of the molecules, and at the same time, provide a sound basis for potential application of the molecules in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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47
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Sun C, Zhang S. Immune-Relevant and Antioxidant Activities of Vitellogenin and Yolk Proteins in Fish. Nutrients 2015; 7:8818-29. [PMID: 26506386 PMCID: PMC4632452 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg), the major egg yolk precursor protein, is traditionally thought to provide protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for developing embryos and larvae. However, the roles of Vtg as well as its derived yolk proteins lipovitellin (Lv) and phosvitin (Pv) extend beyond nutritional functions. Accumulating data have demonstrated that Vtg, Lv and Pv participate in host innate immune defense with multifaceted functions. They can all act as multivalent pattern recognition receptors capable of identifying invading microbes. Vtg and Pv can also act as immune effectors capable of killing bacteria and virus. Moreover, Vtg and Lv are shown to possess phagocytosis-promoting activity as opsonins. In addition to these immune-relevant functions, Vtg and Pv are found to have antioxidant activity, which is able to protect the host from oxidant stress. These non-nutritional functions clearly deepen our understanding of the physiological roles of the molecules, and at the same time, provide a sound basis for potential application of the molecules in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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48
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Tan B, Ng C, Nshimyimana JP, Loh LL, Gin KYH, Thompson JR. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for assessment of microbial water quality: current progress, challenges, and future opportunities. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1027. [PMID: 26441948 PMCID: PMC4585245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality is an emergent property of a complex system comprised of interacting microbial populations and introduced microbial and chemical contaminants. Studies leveraging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are providing new insights into the ecology of microbially mediated processes that influence fresh water quality such as algal blooms, contaminant biodegradation, and pathogen dissemination. In addition, sequencing methods targeting small subunit (SSU) rRNA hypervariable regions have allowed identification of signature microbial species that serve as bioindicators for sewage contamination in these environments. Beyond amplicon sequencing, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of microbial communities in fresh water environments reveal the genetic capabilities and interplay of waterborne microorganisms, shedding light on the mechanisms for production and biodegradation of toxins and other contaminants. This review discusses the challenges and benefits of applying NGS-based methods to water quality research and assessment. We will consider the suitability and biases inherent in the application of NGS as a screening tool for assessment of biological risks and discuss the potential and limitations for direct quantitative interpretation of NGS data. Secondly, we will examine case studies from recent literature where NGS based methods have been applied to topics in water quality assessment, including development of bioindicators for sewage pollution and microbial source tracking, characterizing the distribution of toxin and antibiotic resistance genes in water samples, and investigating mechanisms of biodegradation of harmful pollutants that threaten water quality. Finally, we provide a short review of emerging NGS platforms and their potential applications to the next generation of water quality assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoonFei Tan
- Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology CentreSingapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Pierre Nshimyimana
- Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology CentreSingapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Leng Loh
- Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology CentreSingapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Karina Y.-H. Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Janelle R. Thompson
- Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology CentreSingapore, Singapore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeMA, USA
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49
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Mangoni ML, Luca V, McDermott AM. Fighting microbial infections: A lesson from amphibian skin-derived esculentin-1 peptides. Peptides 2015; 71:286-95. [PMID: 25959536 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing emergence of resistance to commercially available antibiotics/antimycotics in virtually all clinical microbial pathogens, the discovery of alternative anti-infective agents, is greatly needed. Gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise as novel therapeutics. In particular, amphibian skin is one of the richest storehouses of AMPs, especially that of the genus Rana, with esculentins-1 being among the longest (46 amino acids) AMPs found in nature to date. Here, we report on the recently discovered in vitro and in vivo activities and mechanism of action of two derivatives of the N-terminal part of esculentin-1a and -1b peptides, primarily against two relevant opportunistic microorganisms causing a large number of life-threatening infections worldwide; i.e. the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast Candida albicans. Because of distinct advantages compared to several mammalian AMPs, the two selected frog skin AMP-derivatives represent attractive candidates for the development of new antimicrobial compounds with expanded properties, for both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Luca
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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50
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Pinet E, Franceschi C, Davin-Regli A, Zambardi G, Pagès JM. Role of the culture medium in porin expression and piperacillin-tazobactam susceptibility in Escherichia coli. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1305-1314. [PMID: 26242994 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing emergence of the multidrug resistance phenotype in Gram-negative bacteria makes the development of rapid susceptibility tests mandatory. To achieve this goal, proprietary specific media for bacterial growth can be used but may have some adverse effects. In this study, we dissected the role of media on porin, efflux pump and β-lactamase expression. Depending on the medium used, we observed a change in piperacillin-tazobactam susceptibility for some isolates, such as increases in MIC values. No significant alteration in efflux activity or in β-lactamase production was detected after changing the incubation medium. The ratio of piperacillinase:nitrocefinase showed no specific alteration, indicating that the various media did not affect significantly the relative enzymic affinity for the substrates. In contrast, osmotic variation was able to modulate both porin expression and OmpC : OmpF balance, thus modulating the antibiotic uptake. This study suggests that porin expression may be impacted by a susceptibility testing medium, which may modify the antibiotic diffusion into the bacteria, thus affecting MIC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pinet
- UMR-MD-1, Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anne Davin-Regli
- UMR-MD-1, Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Zambardi
- R&D Microbiology Innovation, bioMérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR-MD-1, Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Marseille, France
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