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Guan S, Chen X, Wei Y, Wang F, Xie W, Chen Y, Liang H, Zhu X, Yang Y, Fang W, Huang Y, Zhao H, Zhang X, Liu S, Zhuang W, Huang M, Wang X, Zhang L. Germline USP36 Mutation Confers Resistance to EGFR-TKIs by Upregulating MLLT3 Expression in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1382-1396. [PMID: 38261467 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although somatic mutations were explored in depth, limited biomarkers were found to predict the resistance of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Previous studies reported N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels regulated response of EGFR-TKIs; whether the germline variants located in m6A sites affected resistance of EGFR-TKIs is still unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR-activating mutation were enrolled to investigate predictors for response of EGFR-TKIs using a genome-wide-variant-m6A analysis. Bioinformatics analysis and series of molecular biology assays were used to uncover the underlying mechanism. RESULTS We identified the germline mutation USP36 rs3744797 (C > A, K814N) was associated with survival of patients with NSCLC treated with gefitinib [median progression-free survival (PFS): CC vs. CA, 16.30 vs. 10.50 months, P < 0.0001, HR = 2.45] and erlotinib (median PFS: CC vs. CA, 14.13 vs. 9.47 months, P = 0.041, HR = 2.63). Functionally, the C > A change significantly upregulated USP36 expression by reducing its m6A level. Meanwhile, rs3744797_A (USP36 MUT) was found to facilitate proliferation, migration, and resistance to EGFR-TKIs via upregulating MLLT3 expression in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, MLLT3 and USP36 levels are tightly correlated in patients with NSCLC, which were associated with prognosis of patients. Mechanistically, USP36 MUT stabilized MLLT3 by deubiquitinating MLLT3 in nucleoli and consequently activating its downstream signaling (HIF1α and Snai). Furthermore, inhibition of MLLT3 alleviated USP36 variant-induced EGFR-TKIs resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS These findings characterized rs3744797 as an oncogenic variant in mediating EGFR-TKI resistance and tumor aggressiveness through deubiquitinating MLLT3, highlighting the variant as a predictive biomarker for EGFR-TKI response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxing Guan
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuru Wei
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Ersha Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Youhao Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Heng Liang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xueding Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Shi Y, Ni Y, Fei J, Jin Z, Li W, Wang X, Wu N. Role and potential therapeutic value of histone methyltransferases in drug resistance mechanisms in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1376916. [PMID: 38525426 PMCID: PMC10957659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1376916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, ranking second globally in both incidence and high mortality among common malignant tumors, presents a significant challenge with frequent occurrences of drug resistance despite the continuous emergence of novel therapeutic agents. This exacerbates disease progression, tumor recurrence, and ultimately leads to poor prognosis. Beyond acquired resistance due to genetic mutations, mounting evidence suggests a critical role of epigenetic mechanisms in this process. Numerous studies have indicated abnormal expression of Histone Methyltransferases (HMTs) in lung cancer, with the abnormal activation of certain HMTs closely linked to drug resistance. HMTs mediate drug tolerance in lung cancer through pathways involving alterations in cellular metabolism, upregulation of cancer stem cell-related genes, promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and enhanced migratory capabilities. The use of HMT inhibitors also opens new avenues for lung cancer treatment, and targeting HMTs may contribute to reversing drug resistance. This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal roles and molecular mechanisms of HMTs in drug resistance in lung cancer, offering a fresh perspective on therapeutic strategies. By thoroughly examining treatment approaches, it provides new insights into understanding drug resistance in lung cancer, supporting personalized treatment, fostering drug development, and propelling lung cancer therapy into novel territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuhan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Regional Diseases of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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de Joode K, Heersche N, Basak EA, Bins S, van der Veldt AAM, van Schaik RHN, Mathijssen RHJ. Review - The impact of pharmacogenetics on the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 122:102662. [PMID: 38043396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has a tremendous effect on the treatment options for multiple types of cancer. Nonetheless, there is a large interpatient variability in response, survival, and the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Pharmacogenetics is the general term for germline genetic variations, which may cause the observed interindividual differences in response or toxicity to treatment. These genetic variations can either be single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or structural variants, such as gene deletions, amplifications or rearrangements. For ICIs, pharmacogenetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen molecules has also been studied with regard to treatment outcome. This review presents a summary of the literature regarding the pharmacogenetics of ICI treatment, discusses the most important known genetic variations and offers recommendations on the application of pharmacogenetics for ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn de Joode
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Heersche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin A Basak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Bins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Veerman GM, Boosman RJ, Jebbink M, Oomen-de Hoop E, van der Wekken AJ, Bahce I, Hendriks LE, Croes S, Steendam CM, de Jonge E, Koolen SL, Steeghs N, van Schaik RH, Smit EF, Dingemans AMC, Huitema AD, Mathijssen RH. Influence of germline variations in drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 on intracerebral osimertinib efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101955. [PMID: 37125403 PMCID: PMC10139887 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are present in approximately 40% of patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib is a substrate of transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 and metabolized by CYP3A4. We investigated relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ABCB1 3435C>T, ABCG2 421C>A and 34G>A, and CYP3A4∗22 and CNS treatment efficacy of osimertinib in EGFRm+ NSCLC patients. Methods Patients who started treatment with osimertinib for EGFRm+ NSCLC between November 2014 and June 2021 were included in this retrospective observational multicentre cohort study. For patients with baseline CNS metastases, the primary endpoint was CNS progression-free survival (CNS-PFS; time from osimertinib start until CNS disease progression or death). For patients with no or unknown baseline CNS metastases, the primary endpoint was CNS disease-free survival (CNS-DFS; time from osimertinib start until occurrence of new CNS metastases). Relationships between SNPs and baseline characteristics with CNS-PFS and CNS-DFS were studied with competing-risks survival analysis. Secondary endpoints were relationships between SNPs and PFS, overall survival, severe toxicity, and osimertinib pharmacokinetics. Findings From 572 included patients, 201 had baseline CNS metastases. No SNP was associated with CNS-PFS. Genotype ABCG2 34GA/AA and/or ABCB1 3435CC --present in 35% of patients-- was significantly associated with decreased CNS-DFS (hazard ratio 0.28; 95% CI 0.11-0.73; p = 0.009) in the multivariate analysis. This remained significant after applying a Bonferroni correction and internal validation through bootstrapping. ABCG2 421CA/AA was related to more severe toxicity (27.0% versus 16.5%; p = 0.010). Interpretation ABCG2 34G>A and ABCB1 3435C>T are predictors for developing new CNS metastases during osimertinib treatment, probably because of diminished drug levels in the CNS. ABCG2 421C>A was significantly related with the incidence of severe toxicity. Pre-emptive genotyping for these SNPs could individualize osimertinib therapy. Addition of ABCG2 inhibitors for patients without ABCG2 34G>A should be studied further, to prevent new CNS metastases during osimertinib treatment. Funding No funding was received for this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Marijn Veerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rene J. Boosman
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Jebbink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Oomen-de Hoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anthonie J. van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lizza E.L. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW – School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Croes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW – School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CARIM – School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christi M.J. Steendam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Evert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn L.W. Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H.N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Leiden University Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D.R. Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Princess Maxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H.J. Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Li J, Zhu L, Kwok HF. Nanotechnology-based approaches overcome lung cancer drug resistance through diagnosis and treatment. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100904. [PMID: 36462375 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be a malignant tumor with high mortality. Two obstacles interfere with curative therapy of lung cancer: (i) poor diagnosis at the early stages, as symptoms are not specific or asymptomatic; and (ii) invariably emerging drug resistance after treatment. Some factors contributing to drug resistance include preexisting genetic/genomic drug-resistant alteration(s); activation of adaptive drug resistance pathways; remodeling of the tumor microenvironment; and pharmacological mechanisms or activation of drug efflux pumps. Despite the mechanisms explored to better understand drug resistance, a gap remains between molecular understanding and clinical application. Therefore, facilitating the translation of basic science into the clinical setting is a great challenge. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising tool for cancer treatment. Because of their excellent physicochemical properties and enhanced permeability and retention effects, nanoparticles have great potential to revolutionize conventional lung cancer diagnosis and combat drug resistance. Nanoplatforms can be designed as carriers to improve treatment efficacy and deliver multiple drugs in one system, facilitating combination treatment to overcome drug resistance. In this review, we describe the difficulties in lung cancer treatment and review recent research progress on nanoplatforms aimed at early diagnosis and lung cancer treatment. Finally, future perspectives and challenges of nanomedicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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Liu G, Chen T, Zhang X, Ma X, Shi H. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e181. [PMID: 36254250 PMCID: PMC9560750 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional therapies, targeted therapy has merits in selectivity, efficacy, and tolerability. Small molecule inhibitors are one of the primary targeted therapies for cancer. Due to their advantages in a wide range of targets, convenient medication, and the ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, many efforts have been devoted to developing more small molecule inhibitors. To date, 88 small molecule inhibitors have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Despite remarkable progress, small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment still face many obstacles, such as low response rate, short duration of response, toxicity, biomarkers, and resistance. To better promote the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cancers, we comprehensively reviewed small molecule inhibitors involved in all the approved agents and pivotal drug candidates in clinical trials arranged by the signaling pathways and the classification of small molecule inhibitors. We discussed lessons learned from the development of these agents, the proper strategies to overcome resistance arising from different mechanisms, and combination therapies concerned with small molecule inhibitors. Through our review, we hoped to provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Hong Liu
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xue‐Lei Ma
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hua‐Shan Shi
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Overexpression of hsa_circ_0061817 Can Inhibit the Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells Based on Active Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4509019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of hsa_circ_0061817 in lung adenocarcinoma cells and its effect on cell proliferation and invasion and the possible mechanism of hsa_circ_0061817 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods. The overexpression plasmids of hsa_circ_0061817 (OE-hsacirc_0061817) were transfected into human lung A549 cells and mouse LLC-LUC cells, respectively. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell clone formation assay and EdU assay. Transwell test was used to detect the ability of cell invasion, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. WB was applied to determine the expression of apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related proteins and also target proteins for observation the effect of OE-hsa_circ_0061817 on the growth of A549 cells in nude mice. Bioinformatics method was used to predict the binding microRNA (miRNA) of hsa_circ_0061817 and construct the regulatory network of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and functional analysis of miRNA target genes. Results. Compared with PLO-ciR group, the cell viability, proliferation, and invasive ability of A549 and LLC-LUC were significantly reduced in OE-hsa_circ_00061817 group, while the apoptosis increased in OE-hsa_circ_00061817 group compared to PLO-ciR group. WB results showed that the expression of caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 9, and E-cadherin increased significantly, while the expression levels of vimentin and N-cadherin decreased severely. Most importantly, OE-hsa_circ_00061817 inhibited the growth of A549 tumor-bearing nude mice. According to TargetScan and mirBase databases, hsa_circ_0061817 may competitively bind hsa_mir-181b-3p, hsa-mir-337-3p, hsa-mir-421, and hsa-mir-548d-3p. The results of functional enrichment showed that miRNA target genes were involved in many cancer-related biological processes, including negative regulation of apoptosis, gene expression, transcriptional imbalance in cancer, transforming growth factor-β, and P53 signal pathway. Conclusions. Over expression of hsa_circ_0061817 inhibits the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and LLC-LUC cells and may reduce the invasive ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells by weakening the process of EMT, which provides a new target for the prevention and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Li S, Xu B, Fan S, Kang B, Deng L, Chen D, Yang B, Tang F, He Z, Xue Y, Zhou JC. Effects of single-nucleotide polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1107-1117. [PMID: 36065506 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin has been recognized as the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The potency of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has always been in the spotlight and shown significant individual differences. Based on previous studies, the efficacy of metformin is related to the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of transporter genes carried by patients, amongst which a variety of gene polymorphisms of transporter and target protein genes affect the effectiveness and adverse repercussion of metformin. AREAS COVERED Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about gene polymorphisms impacting metformin efficacy based on transporter and drug target proteins. EXPERT OPINION The reason for the difference in clinical drug potency of metformin can be attributed to the gene polymorphism of drug transporters and drug target proteins in the human body. Substantial evidence shows that genetic polymorphisms in transporters such as organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) affect the glucose-lowering effectiveness of metformin. However, optimization of individualized dosing regimens of metformin is necessary to clarify the role of several polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shangzhi Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lijing Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Danjun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zunbo He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jie-Can Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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9
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Veerman GDM, van der Werff SC, Koolen SLW, Miedema JR, Oomen-de Hoop E, van der Mark SC, Chandoesing PP, de Bruijn P, Wijsenbeek MS, Mathijssen RHJ. The influence of green tea extract on nintedanib's bioavailability in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113101. [PMID: 35594703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nintedanib is an oral small-molecule kinase inhibitor and first-line treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib is a substrate of the drug efflux transporter ABCB1. Green tea flavonoids --especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-- are potent ABCB1 modulators. We investigated if concomitant administration of green tea extract (GTE) could result in a clinically relevant herb-drug interaction. Patients were randomized between A-B and B-A, with A being nintedanib alone and B nintedanib with GTE. Both periods lasted 7 days, in which nintedanib was administered twice daily directly after a meal. In period B, patients additionally received capsules with GTE (500 mg BID, >60% EGCG). Pharmacokinetic sampling for 12 h was performed at day 7 of each period. Primary endpoint was change in geometric mean for the area under the curve (AUC0-12 h). A linear mixed model was used to analyse AUCs and maximal concentration (Cmax). In 26 included patients, the nintedanib AUC0-12 h was 21% lower (95% CI -29% to -12%; P < 0.001) in period B (with GTE) compared to period A. Cmax did not differ significantly between periods; - 14% (95% CI -29% to +4%; P = 0.12). The detrimental effect was predominant in patients with the ABCB1 3435 C>T wild type variant. No differences in toxicities were observed. Exposure to nintedanib decreased with 21% when administered 60 min after GTC for only 7 days. This is a statistically significant interaction which could potentially impair treatment efficacy. Before patients and physicians should definitely be warned to avoid this combination, prospective clinical validation of an exposure-response relationship is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Marijn Veerman
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dept. of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle R Miedema
- Dept. of Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Oomen-de Hoop
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter de Bruijn
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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