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Vallianou NG, Dalamaga M, Pavlou A, Rebelos E, Karamanolis NN, Papachristoforou E, Mavrothalassitis E, Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris N, Kounatidis D. The Transformative Role of Nanotechnology in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Current Research. Biomolecules 2025; 15:653. [PMID: 40427546 PMCID: PMC12109022 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2025] [Revised: 04/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology refers to the science that modulates molecules to the nanoscale dimension. Nanomedicine, i.e., the utilization of nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating several disorders, is a subject of ongoing research. The concept behind nanomedicine in diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment stems from the need to ameliorate absorption and distribution of antidiabetic therapies in order to overcome barriers, namely the pH throughout the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, the temperature/heat and the difficulties in the incorporation of drugs into the cells. Thus, the scope of nanomedicine is particularly challenging and demanding, considering the fact that the human body is a perpetually changing entity in order to achieve homeostasis. In this review, we will delve into various nanoparticles that are being studied in terms of antidiabetic treatment, their pros and cons and the expanding knowledge in this field. Despite the fact that nanomedicine seems to be very promising, there are still many gaps in our understanding of how the human body addresses its utilization. Moreover, its high costs, along with an as-yet unclear safety profile, remain a significant barrier to widespread adoption. In this review, we will describe both phytochemicals and chemical compounds that nanomedicine seeks to exploit in order to pave the way for a more efficacious and comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Argyro Pavlou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (E.P.); (N.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Nektarios Karamanolis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Papachristoforou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (E.P.); (N.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Evangelos Mavrothalassitis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (E.P.); (N.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (E.P.); (N.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (E.P.); (N.T.); (D.K.)
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