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Zhu DH, Su KK, Ou-Yang XX, Zhang YH, Yu XP, Li ZH, Ahmadi-Nishaboori SS, Li LJ. Mechanisms and clinical landscape of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in gastrointestinal tract cancers. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05040-x. [PMID: 38856795 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics encompasses reversible and heritable chemical modifications of non-nuclear DNA sequences, including DNA and RNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA modifications, and chromatin rearrangements. In addition to well-studied DNA and histone methylation, RNA methylation has emerged as a hot topic in biological sciences over the past decade. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA, affecting all RNA stages, including transcription, translation, and degradation. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies made it feasible to identify the chemical basis and biological functions of m6A RNA. Dysregulation of m6A levels and associated modifying proteins can both inhibit and promote cancer, highlighting the importance of the tumor microenvironment in diverse biological processes. Gastrointestinal tract cancers, including gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, are among the most common and deadly malignancies in humans. Growing evidence suggests a close association between m6A levels and the progression of gastrointestinal tumors. Global m6A modification levels are substantially modified in gastrointestinal tumor tissues and cell lines compared to healthy tissues and cells, possibly influencing various biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of m6A-related proteins is critical from a clinical standpoint. Developing more specific and effective m6A modulators offers new options for treating these tumors and deeper insights into gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kun-Kai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Ou-Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zu-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | | | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Nair R, Lannagan TRM, Jackstadt R, Andrusaite A, Cole J, Boyne C, Nibbs RJB, Sansom OJ, Milling S. Co-inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways in a metastatic colorectal cancer mouse model triggers interferon responses, innate cells and T cells, alongside metabolic changes and tumor resistance. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2330194. [PMID: 38516270 PMCID: PMC10956632 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2330194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate (20-30%), especially due to metastasis to adjacent organs. Clinical responses to chemotherapy, radiation, targeted and immunotherapies are limited to a subset of patients making metastatic CRC (mCRC) difficult to treat. To understand the therapeutic modulation of immune response in mCRC, we have used a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), "KPN", which resembles the human 'CMS4'-like subtype. We show here that transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), secreted by KPN organoids, increases cancer cell proliferation, and inhibits splenocyte activation in vitro. TGF-β1 also inhibits activation of naive but not pre-activated T cells, suggesting differential effects on specific immune cells. In vivo, the inhibition of TGF-β inflames the KPN tumors, causing infiltration of T cells, monocytes and monocytic intermediates, while reducing neutrophils and epithelial cells. Co-inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 signaling further enhances cytotoxic CD8+T cells and upregulates innate immune response and interferon gene signatures. However, simultaneous upregulation of cancer-related metabolic genes correlated with limited control of tumor burden and/or progression despite combination treatment. Our study illustrates the importance of using GEMMs to predict better immunotherapies for mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Nair
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Andrusaite
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Cole
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caitlin Boyne
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Milling
- School of infection and immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Luo Q, Quan Y, Liu W, Wu Z, Qiu W, Liang W, Yang P, Huang Q, Li G, Wei J, Wang Q, Shen F, Li W, He F, Cao J. Seed and Soil: Consensus Molecular Subgroups (CMS) and Tumor Microenvironment Features Between Primary Lesions and Metastases of Different Organ Sites in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:225-243. [PMID: 38525373 PMCID: PMC10961079 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s441675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) are mainly used for biological interpretability and clinical stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) in primary tumors (PT) but few in metastases. The heterogeneity of CMS distribution in metastases and the concordance of CMS between PT and metastases still lack sufficient study. We used CMS to classify CRC metastases and combine it with histopathological analysis to explore differences between PT and distant metastases. Patients and Methods We obtained gene expression profiles for 942 PT samples from TCGA database (n=376) and GEO database (n=566), as well as 442 metastasis samples from GEO database. Among these, 765 PT samples and 442 metastasis samples were confidently identified with CMS using the "CMS classifier" and enrolled for analysis. Clinicopathological manifestation and CMS classification of CRC metastases were assessed with data from GEO, TCGA, and cBioPortal. Overall, 105 PT-metastasis pairs were extracted from 10 GEO datasets to assess CMS concordance. Tumor microenvironment (TME) features between PT and metastases were analyzed by immune-stromal infiltration with ESTIMATE and xCell algorithms. Finally, TME features were validated with multiplex immunohistochemistry in 27 PT-metastasis pairs we retrospectively collected. Results Up to 64% of CRC metastases exhibited concordant CMS groups with matched PT, and the TME of metastases was similar to that of PT. For most common distant metastases, liver metastases were predominantly CMS2 and lung and peritoneal metastases were mainly CMS4, highlighting "seed" of tumor cells of different CMS groups had a preference for metastasis to "soil" of specific organs. Compared with PT, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) reduced in liver metastases, CD4+T cells and M2-like macrophages increased in lung metastases, and M2-like macrophages and CAF increased in peritoneal metastases. Conclusion Our findings underscore the importance of CMS-guided specific organ monitoring and treatment post-primary tumor surgery for patients. Differences in immune-stromal infiltration among different metastases provide targeted therapeutic opportunities for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
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Hinshaw TP, Fu Y, Irish WD, Parikh AA, Snyder RA. Racial Differences in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Molecular Profiling and Mutation Rates. J Surg Res 2024; 295:763-769. [PMID: 38150868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advances in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, racial disparities persist. The primary aims of the study were to: evaluate differences in molecular testing rates over time by race; and measure the incidence of tumor mutations by race in patients with metastatic CRC. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed of all adult patients with stage IV CRC (2008-2018) identified within the cancer registry of a large regional health system. Demographic/clinical characteristics were collected through primary data abstraction of the electronic health record. Molecular profiling results were obtained directly from Caris Molecular Intelligence and electronic health record. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-three patients were included: 40.5% (n = 155) were Black and 59.5% (n = 228) were White. Significant increases were observed in microsatellite instability (MSI), KRAS, and BRAF testing rates during the study period (P < 0.0001). The odds of testing over time increased more significantly in Black compared to White patients for MSI testing (White: odds ratio [OR] 1.26 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.41], Black: OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.41-2.02], P = 0.005) and BRAF testing (White: OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.26-1.62], Black: OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.51-2.36], P = 0.027). An increase in KRAS testing over time was observed for both cohorts and was independent of race (P = 0.58). Mutation rates did not differ by race: KRAS (Black 55.8% versus White 45.6%, P = 0.13) and BRAF (Black 4.8% versus White 10.0%, P = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Within a large regional health system, molecular testing rates in patients with metastatic CRC increased significantly following National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline changes for both Black and White patients. Black and White patients who underwent molecular testing had similar rates of MSI, KRAS, and BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Hinshaw
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - William D Irish
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Alexander A Parikh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rebecca A Snyder
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Han Z, Tong Y, Zhu X, Sun D, Jia N, Feng Y, Yan K, Wei Y, He J, Ju H. Development and external validation of MRI-based RAS mutation status prediction model for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:556-567. [PMID: 37974474 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutation status of rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) has prognostic significance and serves as a key predictive biomarker for the effectiveness of antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. However, there remains a lack of effective models for predicting RAS mutation status in colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). This study aimed to construct and validate a diagnostic model for predicting RAS mutation status among patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLMs. METHODS A diagnostic multivariate prediction model was developed and validated in patients with CRLMs who had undergone hepatectomy between 2014 and 2020. Patients from Institution A were assigned to the model development group (i.e., Development Cohort), while patients from Institutions B and C were assigned to the external validation groups (i.e., Validation Cohort_1 and Validation Cohort_2). The presence of CRLMs was determined by examination of surgical specimens. RAS mutation status was determined by genetic testing. The final predictors, identified by a group of oncologists and radiologists, included several key clinical, demographic, and radiographic characteristics derived from magnetic resonance images. Multiple imputation was performed to estimate the values of missing non-outcome data. A penalized logistic regression model using the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty was implemented to select appropriate variables for the development of the model. A single nomogram was constructed from the model. The performance of the prediction model, discrimination, and calibration were estimated and reported by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots. Internal validation with a bootstrapping procedure and external validation of the nomogram were assessed. Finally, decision curve analyses were used to characterize the clinical outcomes of the Development and Validation Cohorts. RESULTS A total of 173 patients were enrolled in this study between January 2014 and May 2020. Of the 173 patients, 117 patients from Institution A were assigned to the Model Development group, while 56 patients (33 from Institution B and 23 from Institution C) were assigned to the Model Validation groups. Forty-six (39.3%) patients harbored RAS mutations in the Development Cohort compared to 14 (42.4%) in Validation Cohort_1 and 8 (34.8%) in Validation Cohort_2. The final model contained the following predictor variables: time of occurrence of CRLMs, location of primary lesion, type of intratumoral necrosis, and early enhancement of liver parenchyma. The diagnostic model based on clinical and MRI data demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance in distinguishing between mutated and wild-type RAS, with AUCs of 0.742 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.651─0.834), 0.741 (95% CI: 0.649─0.836), 0.703 (95% CI: 0.514─0.892), and 0.708 (95% CI: 0.452─0.964) in the Development Cohort, bootstrapping internal validation, external Validation Cohort_1 and Validation Cohort_2, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit values for the Development Cohort, Validation Cohort_1 and Validation Cohort_2 were 2.868 (p = 0.942), 4.616 (p = 0.465), and 6.297 (p = 0.391), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Integrating clinical, demographic, and radiographic modalities with a magnetic resonance imaging-based approach may accurately predict the RAS mutation status of CRLMs, thereby aiding in triage and possibly reducing the time taken to perform diagnostic and life-saving procedures. Our diagnostic multivariate prediction model may serve as a foundation for prognostic stratification and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yahan Tong
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diandian Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningyang Jia
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Wei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - HaiXing Ju
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kerkour T, Zhou C, Hollestein L, Mooyaart A. Genetic Concordance in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma and Matched Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16281. [PMID: 38003476 PMCID: PMC10671327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying primary melanoma and its corresponding metastasis has twofold benefits. Firstly, to better understand tumor biology, and secondly, to determine which sample should be examined in assessing drug targets. This study systematically analyzed all the literature on primary melanoma and its matched metastasis. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched multiple medical databases for relevant publications from January 2000 to December 2022, assessed the quality of the primary-level studies using the QUIPS tool, and summarized the concordance rate of the most reported genes using the random-effects model. Finally, we evaluated the inter-study heterogeneity using the subgroup analysis. Thirty-one studies investigated the concordance of BRAF and NRAS in 1220 and 629 patients, respectively. The pooled concordance rate was 89.4% [95% CI: 84.5; 93.5] for BRAF and 97.8% [95% CI: 95.8; 99.4] for NRAS. When high-quality studies were considered, only BRAF mutation status consistency increased. Five studies reported the concordance status of c-KIT (93%, 44 patients) and TERT promoter (64%, 53 patients). Lastly, three studies analyzed the concordance of cancer genes involved in the signaling pathways, apoptosis, and proliferation, such as CDKN2A (25%, four patients), TP53 (44%, nine patients), and PIK3CA (20%, five patients). Our study found that the concordance of known drug targets (mainly BRAF) during melanoma progression is higher than in previous meta-analyses, likely due to advances in molecular techniques. Furthermore, significant heterogeneity exists in the genes involved in the melanoma genetic makeup; although our results are based on small patient samples, more research is necessary for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamila Kerkour
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.); (C.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Catherine Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.); (C.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Loes Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.K.); (C.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Antien Mooyaart
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ni Y, Liang Y, Li M, Lin Y, Zou X, Han F, Cao J, Li L. The updates on metastatic mechanism and treatment of colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154837. [PMID: 37806170 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a main cause of cancer death worldwide. Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related death in CRC. The treatment of metastatic CRC has progressed minimally. However, the potential molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis have remained to be comprehensively clarified. An improved understanding of the CRC mechanistic determinants is needed to better prevent and treat metastatic cancer. In this review, based on evidence from a growing body of research in metastatic cancers, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis. This review reveals both the molecular mechanisms of metastases and identifies new opportunities for developing more effective strategies to target metastatic relapse and improve CRC patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ni
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - You Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyi Han
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianing Cao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Bian Z, Xu C, Xie Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Mao S, Wu Q, Zhu J, Huang N, Zhang Y, Ma J, Sun F, Pan Q. SNORD11B-mediated 2'-O-methylation of primary let-7a in colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2023; 42:3035-3046. [PMID: 37620450 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis and development and could be promising biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we examine the profile of snoRNAs in CRC and find that expression of SNORD11B is increased in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines, with a significant positive correlation between SNORD11B expression and that of its host gene NOP58. SNORD11B promotes CRC cell proliferation and invasion and inhibits apoptosis. Mechanistically, SNORD11B promotes the processing and maturation of 18 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by mediating 2'-O-methylated (Nm) modification on the G509 site of 18 S rRNA. Intriguingly, SNORD11B mediates Nm modification on the G225 site of MIRLET7A1HG (pri-let-7a) with a canonical motif, resulting in degradation of pri-let-7a, inhibition of DGCR8 binding, reduction in mature tumor suppressor gene let-7a-5p expression, and upregulation of downstream oncogene translation. SNORD11B performs comparably to CEA and CA199 in diagnosing CRC. High expression of SNORD11B is significantly correlated with a more advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, which indicates poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Bian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children's Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Siwei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- College of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children's Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Sanya, 572000, China.
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9
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Lv Q, Wang Y, Xiong Z, Xue Y, Li J, Chen M, Zhou K, Xu H, Zhang X, Liu J, Ren J, Liu B. Microvascularized tumor assembloids model for drug delivery evaluation in colorectal cancer-derived peritoneal metastasis. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:346-360. [PMID: 37393969 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is a fatal state of colorectal cancer, and only a few patients may benefit from systemic chemotherapy. Although hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) brings hope for affected patients, the drug development and preclinical evaluation of HIPEC are seriously lagging behind, mainly due to the lack of an ideal in vitro PM model that makes drug development over-reliant on expensive and inefficient animal experiments. This study developed an in vitro colorectal cancer PM model [microvascularized tumor assembloids (vTA)] based on an assembly strategy of endothelialized microvessels and tumor spheroids. Our data showed that the in vitro perfusion cultured vTA could maintain a similar gene expression pattern to their parental xenografts. Also, the drug penetration pattern of the in vitro HIPEC in vTA could mimic the drug delivery behavior in tumor nodules during in vivo HIPEC. More importantly, we further confirmed the feasibility of constructing a tumor burden-controlled PM animal model using vTA. In conclusion, we propose a simple and effective strategy to construct physiologically simulated PM models in vitro, thus providing a basis for PM-related drug development and preclinical evaluation of locoregional therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study developed an in vitro colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis (PM) model based on microvascularized tumor assembloids (vTA) for drug evaluation. With perfusion culture, vTA could maintain a similar gene expression pattern and tumor heterogeneity to their parental xenografts. And the drug penetration pattern in vTA was similar to the drug delivery behavior in tumor nodules under in vivo treatment. Moreover, vTA was more conducive to construct PM animal models with controllable tumor burden. In conclusion, the construction of vTA could provide a new strategy for the PM-related drug development and preclinical evaluation of locoregional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Moyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Kaijian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Hetao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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10
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Kono H, Yamanaka T, Nishihara Y, Tomizawa K, Kizawa R, Yamaguchi T, Tanabe Y, Matoba S, Kuroyanagi H, Suyama K, Miura Y. BRAF Mutation Heterogeneity Detected Using Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing in Synchronous Colon Cancer: A Case Report. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2023; 3:605-608. [PMID: 37671312 PMCID: PMC10475923 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aim Synchronous colorectal cancer, which occurs in approximately 4.8-8.4% of all colorectal cancers, has a genetic profile with a higher rate of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutation and microsatellite instability-high than solitary colorectal cancer. However, little information is available on heterogeneity among tumor lesions because of difficulty in performing genetic tests in all lesions in clinical practice. Case Report A 44-year-old man presented with multiple recurrent lung metastases 42 months after the endoscopic resection of early stage synchronous ascending and sigmoid colon cancers. The genetic testing of sigmoid colon cancer tissue samples, their state being more advanced than that of ascending colon cancer, revealed a v-Ki-ras 2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutation (G13C) and BRAF wild type. However, the tumor was refractory to initial chemotherapy and rapidly progressed to new liver metastases. Therefore, we suspected that there may be biological heterogeneity between the primary sigmoid colon lesion and liver metastases. Next, we performed next-generation sequencing on circulating tumor DNA from the patient's plasma (Foundation One Liquid CDx®), which revealed the V600E mutation of BRAF, suggesting that there was genetic heterogeneity among the synchronized primary lesions, one of which was responsible for the chemo-refractory rapid-growing liver metastases. Conclusion Genetic profiling with liquid biopsy at the time of recurrence and metastasis may be useful in patients with multiple synchronous cancers because there is less heterogeneity between primary and metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kono
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishihara
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Rika Kizawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Tanabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Matoba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Suyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Miura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Bai S, Chen L, Zhu G, Xuan W, Hu F, Liu W, Li W, Lan N, Chen M, Yan Y, Li R, Yang Y, Ren J. Prognostic value of extrahepatic metastasis on colon cancer with liver metastasis: a retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172670. [PMID: 37346071 PMCID: PMC10280983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The occurrence of metastasis is a threat to patients with colon cancer (CC), and the liver is the most common metastasis organ. However, the role of the extrahepatic organs in patients with liver metastasis (LM) has not been distinctly demonstrated. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the prognostic value of extrahepatic metastases (EHMs). Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 13,662 colon patients with LM between 2010 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). Fine and Gray's analysis and K-M survival analysis were utilized to explore the impacts of the number of sites of EHMs and different sites of EHMs on prognosis. Finally, a prognostic nomogram model based on the number of sites of EHMs was constructed, and a string of validation methods was conducted, including concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Patients without EHMs had better prognoses in cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) than patients with EHMs (p < 0.001). Varied EHM sites of patients had different characteristics of primary location site, grade, and histology. Cumulative incidence rates for CSS surpassed that for other causes in patients with 0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 EHMs, and the patients with more numbers of sites of EHMs revealed worse prognosis in CSS (p < 0.001). However, patients with different EHM sites had a minor difference in cumulative incidence rates for CSS (p = 0.106). Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict the survival probability of patients with EHMs, which is based on the number of sites of EHMs and has been proven an excellent predictive ability. Conclusion The number of sites of EHMs was a significant prognostic factor of CC patients with LM. However, the sites of EHMs showed limited impact on survival. Furthermore, a nomogram based on the number of sites of EHMs was constructed to predict the OS of patients with EHMs accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Bai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guixian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Xuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengyuan Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Lan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Clinical Medical Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Mahdi Y, Khmou M, Souadka A, Agouri HE, Ech-Charif S, Mounjid C, Khannoussi BE. Correlation between KRAS and NRAS mutational status and clinicopathological features in 414 cases of metastatic colorectal cancer in Morocco: the largest North African case series. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:193. [PMID: 37277698 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in molecular biology have improved understanding of the molecular features of carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. It is clear that the efficacy of anti-EGFR depends upon the RAS mutational status, since any mutation in RAS is associated with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. The aim of this study is to report the largest North African description of KRAS and NRAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer and to describe the association of these mutations with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS This is a prospective study of all consecutive unselected metastatic colorectal cancer samples, collected from the Laboratory of Pathology at the National Institute of Oncology of Rabat, Morocco, from January 1st 2020 to December 31st 2021. The molecular analysis was performed on the Idylla™ platform (fully automated real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay) for KRAS and NRAS mutations in exons 2, 3 and 4. These mutations were correlated to gender, primary tumor site, histological type and degree of differentiation of tumor using adequate statistical methods. RESULTS Four hundred fourteen colorectal tumors were screened for KRAS and NRAS mutations. These mutations occurred in 51.7% of tumors for KRAS (mainly in exon 12) and in 3% of tumors for NRAS. There was a significant correlation between NRAS mutation and age of colorectal patients in this study. The low rate of invalid RAS tests (1.7% for KRAS and 3.1% for NRAS) was certainly obtained due to the strict respect of pre-analytical factors such as cold ischemia time and formalin fixation. CONCLUSION We report the largest North African analysis of NRAS and KRAS status in colorectal metastatic patients. This study showed the ability in low middle income countries to perform a high rate of valid tests and the unusual trend towards older patients for NRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Mahdi
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mouna Khmou
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Souadka
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Surgical Oncology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hajar El Agouri
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Chaimaa Mounjid
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies (BioPath), Faculty of sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Basma El Khannoussi
- Pathology department, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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13
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Jin N, Kan CM, Pei XM, Cheung WL, Ng SSM, Wong HT, Cheng HYL, Leung WW, Wong YN, Tsang HF, Chan AKC, Wong YKE, Cho WCS, Chan JKC, Tai WCS, Chan TF, Wong SCC, Yim AKY, Yu ACS. Cell-free circulating tumor RNAs in plasma as the potential prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1134445. [PMID: 37091184 PMCID: PMC10115432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1134445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCell free RNA (cfRNA) contains transcript fragments from multiple cell types, making it useful for cancer detection in clinical settings. However, the pathophysiological origins of cfRNAs in plasma from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain unclear.MethodsTo identify the tissue-specific contributions of cfRNAs transcriptomic profile, we used a published single-cell transcriptomics profile to deconvolute cell type abundance among paired plasma samples from CRC patients who underwent tumor-ablative surgery. We further validated the differentially expressed cfRNAs in 5 pairs of CRC tumor samples and adjacent tissue samples as well as 3 additional CRC tumor samples using RNA-sequencing.ResultsThe transcriptomic component from intestinal secretory cells was significantly decreased in the in-house post-surgical cfRNA. The HPGD, PACS1, and TDP2 expression was consistent across cfRNA and tissue samples. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC datasets, we were able to classify the patients into two groups with significantly different survival outcomes.ConclusionsThe three-gene signature holds promise in applying minimal residual disease (MRD) testing, which involves profiling remnants of cancer cells after or during treatment. Biomarkers identified in the present study need to be validated in a larger cohort of samples in order to ascertain their possible use in early diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Jin
- R&D, Codex Genetics Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chau-Ming Kan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Lam Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heong Ting Wong
- Department of Pathology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hennie Yuk-Lin Cheng
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Wa Leung
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yee Ni Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yin Kwan Evelyn Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - William Chi Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Allen Chi-Shing Yu, ; Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim, ; Sze Chuen Cesar Wong,
| | - Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim
- R&D, Codex Genetics Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Allen Chi-Shing Yu, ; Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim, ; Sze Chuen Cesar Wong,
| | - Allen Chi-Shing Yu
- R&D, Codex Genetics Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Allen Chi-Shing Yu, ; Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim, ; Sze Chuen Cesar Wong,
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14
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Fleming AM, Deschner BW, Williard FW, Drake JA, Vanderwalde A, Xiu J, Somer BG, Yakoub D, Tsao MW, Glazer ES, Dickson PV, Shibata D, Philip PA, Hwang JJ, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Korn WM, Lenz HJ, Deneve JL. Peritoneal metastases from primary appendiceal and colorectal carcinomas demonstrate distinct molecular identities on comprehensive tumor analysis. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:815-822. [PMID: 36629137 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Published data comparing peritoneal metastases from appendiceal cancers (pAC) and colorectal cancers (pCRC) remain sparse. We compared pAC and pCRC using comprehensive tumor profiling (CTP). METHODS CTP was performed, including next-generation sequencing and analysis of copy number variation (CNV), microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). RESULTS One hundred thirty-six pAC and 348 pCRC samples underwent CTP. The cohorts' age and gender were similar. pCRC demonstrated increased pathogenic variants (PATHs) in APC (48% vs. 3%, p < 0.01), ARID1A (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), BRAF (12% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), FBXW7 (7% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), KRAS (52% vs. 41%, p < 0.05), PIK3CA (15% vs. 2%, p < 0.01), and TP53 (53% vs. 23%, p < 0.01), and decreased PATHs in GNAS (8% vs. 31%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in CNV, fusion rate, or MSI. Median TMB was higher in pCRC (5.8 vs. 5.0 mutations per megabase, p = 0.0007). Rates of TMB-high tumors were similar (pAC 2.1% vs. pCRC 9.0%, p = 0.1957). pCRC had significantly more TMB-high tumors at lower thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Despite a reduced overall TMB, pAC demonstrated mutations distinct from those seen in pCRC. These may serve as discrete biomarkers for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fleming
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin W Deschner
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Forrest W Williard
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin A Drake
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ari Vanderwalde
- West Cancer Center, Germantown, Tennessee, USA.,Caris Life Sciences, Irving, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Danny Yakoub
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miriam W Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evan S Glazer
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paxton V Dickson
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jimmy J Hwang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - W Michael Korn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremiah L Deneve
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Ye L, Fan T, Qin Y, Qiu C, Li L, Dai M, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Jiang Y. MicroRNA-455-3p accelerate malignant progression of tumor by targeting H2AFZ in colorectal cancer. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:777-795. [PMID: 36482739 PMCID: PMC10026930 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) becomes the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in 2020. Emerging studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in tumorigenesis and progression. The dysfunctions of miR-455-3p are observed in many cancers. However, its biological function in CRC remains to be confirmed. By sequencing serum sample, miR-455-3p was found to be up-regulated in CRC patients. RT-qPCR demonstrated that the miR-455-3p expression was both higher in the serum and tumor tissues of CRC patients. Furthermore, it indicated that miR-455-3p had the ability in promoting cell proliferation, suppressing cell apoptosis, and stimulating cell migration. In vivo experiments also showed that miR-455-3p promoted tumor growth. Additionally, H2AFZ was proved as the direct gene target of miR-455-3p by dual-luciferase assay. Taken together, miR-455-3p functioned as a tumor promoter in CRC development by regulating H2AFZ directly. Thus, it has enormous potential as a biomarker in the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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16
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4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to promote cuproptosis in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114301. [PMID: 36706634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a novel copper-induced cell death pathway, is linked to mitochondrial respiration and mediated by protein lipoylation. The discovery of cuproptosis unfolds new areas of investigation, particularly in cancers. The present study aimed to explore the role of cuproptosis in colorectal cancer progression. The genetic alterations of cuproptosis in colon cancer were evaluated using a database. MTT assays, colony formation, and flow cytometry were used to examine the effect of elesclomol-Cu and 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI) on colorectal cancer cell and oxaliplatin-resistant cell viability. The anti-tumor effect of elesclomol with 4-OI was verified in vivo assay. The results showed that FDX1, SDHB, DLAT, and DLST genes were more highly expressed in normal tissues than those in primary tumor tissues. Patients with high expressions of these genes in tumor tissues had a better prognosis. Using MTT assay and colony formation analysis, elesclomol-Cu pulse treatment showed significant inhibition of cell viability in HCT116, LoVo, and HCT116-R cells. In addition, flow cytometry revealed elesclomol-Cu significantly promoted apoptosis. Tetrathiomolybdate, a copper chelator, markedly inhibited cuproptosis. Subsequently, we found 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a glucose metabolism inhibitor, sensitized cuproptosis. Furthermore, galactose further promoted cuproptosis. Interestingly, 4-OI significantly enhanced cuproptosis which was irrelevant to ROS production, apoptosis, necroptosis, or pyroptosis pathways. Aerobic glycolysis was inhibited by 4-OI through GAPDH, one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, sensitizing cuproptosis. Meanwhile, FDX1 knockdown weakened the ability of 4-OI to promote cuproptosis. In vivo experiments, 4-OI with elesclomol-Cu showed better anti-tumor effects. These results indicated that elesclomol-Cu rapidly halted cell growth in colorectal cancer cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cell line. Importantly, we revealed that 4-OI inhibited aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to promote cuproptosis.
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Pirvu EE, Severin E, Niţă I, Toma ŞA. The impact of RAS mutation on the treatment strategy of colorectal cancer. Med Pharm Rep 2023; 96:5-15. [PMID: 36818322 PMCID: PMC9924809 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogene in colorectal cancer, being present in 30% of patients with localized disease and in almost half of the patients that develop metastatic disease. While the development of chemotherapy doublets and targeted therapy have improved survival in recent years, KRAS mutation still has a controversial role regarding its prognostic and predictive value both in the adjuvant and in the metastatic setting. The impact of KRAS mutation on treatment strategy remains to be better defined. The development of new KRAS inhibitors promising new treatment options is on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvina Elena Pirvu
- Genetics Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,Medical Oncology Department, “Coltea” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Severin
- Genetics Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Niţă
- Physiology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,Medical Oncology Clinic, “Elias” University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Mouhcine M, Kadil Y, Rahmoune I, Filali H. Exploration of Novel PDEδ Inhibitor Based on Pharmacophore and Molecular Docking against KRAS Mutant in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:e160423215830. [PMID: 37066770 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230416152843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The prenyl-binding protein, phosphodiesterase-δ (PDEδ), is essential for the localization of prenylated KRas to the plasma membrane for its signaling in cancer. INTRODUCTION The general objective of this work was to develop virtually new potential inhibitors of the PDEδ protein that prevent Ras enrichment at the plasma membrane. METHODS All computational molecular modeling studies were performed by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). In this study, sixteen crystal structures of PDEδ in complex with fifteen different fragment inhibitors were used in the protein-ligand interaction fingerprints (PLIF) study to identify the chemical features responsible for the inhibition of the PDEδ protein. Based on these chemical characteristics, a pharmacophore with representative characteristics was obtained for screening the BindingDB database. Compounds that matched the pharmacophore model were filtered by the Lipinski filter. The ADMET properties of the compounds that passed the Lipinski filter were predicted by the Swiss ADME webserver and by the ProTox-II-Prediction of Toxicity of Chemicals web server. The selected compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study. RESULTS In the PLIF study, it was shown that the fifteen inhibitors formed interactions with residues Met20, Trp32, Ile53, Cys56, Lys57, Arg61, Gln78, Val80, Glu88, Ile109, Ala11, Met117, Met118, Ile129, Thr131, and Tyr149 of the prenyl-binding pocket of PDEδ. Based on these chemical features, a pharmacophore with representative characteristics was composed of three bond acceptors, two hydrophobic elements, and one hydrogen bond donor. When the pharmacophore model was used in the virtual screening of the Binding DB database, 2532 compounds were selected. Then, the 2532 compounds were screened by the Lipinski rule filter. Among the 2532 compounds, two compounds met the Lipinski's rule. Subsequently, a comparison of the ADMET properties and the drug properties of the two compounds was performed. Finally, compound 2 was selected for molecular docking analysis and as a potential inhibitor against PDEδ. CONCLUSION The hit found by the combination of structure-based pharmacophore generation, pharmacophore- based virtual screening, and molecular docking showed interaction with key amino acids in the hydrophobic pocket of PDEδ, leading to the discovery of a novel scaffold as a potential inhibitor of PDEδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mouhcine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youness Kadil
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Rahmoune
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda Filali
- Laboratory of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Han Z, Qiu B, Li L, Yu J, Zhu Z. Establishment of a Selective Liver Lobe Tumor-Bearing Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231198347. [PMID: 37649380 PMCID: PMC10475227 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231198347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and its main site of metastasis is the liver. The surgical method used for metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver varies according to the lobe affected, as does the prognosis. However, there is a lack of relevant basic research. Therefore, a good animal model is needed for basic studies of metastases from colorectal cancer to the different lobes of the liver. METHODS A CT26 colon cancer cell line transfected with a virus expressing green fluorescent protein was inoculated into BALB/C mice via the spleen. Tumor formation in the liver lobes was observed under a fluorescence microscope according to which portal vein branch was ligated and according to clamping time. The differential formation of metastatic lesions in the different lobes was then compared with physical anatomy. Serum samples were used to detect the changes in liver function postoperatively. RESULTS Ligation and resection of the spleen 1 min after injection of the CT26 cells and release of the vessel clamp 1 min after splenectomy created an ideal tumor-bearing mouse model with little effect on liver function. Selective clamping of each portal vein branch and splenic injection of a CT26 cell line successfully established a selective liver lobe tumor-bearing model of colorectal cancer with distinct characteristics. CONCLUSION This model provides an opportunity for investigation of the mechanisms of metastasis of colorectal cancer to different lobes of the liver and may provide a basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biying Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University School, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medicine, Shaoxing University School, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Jin J, Zhou H, Sun S, Tian Z, Ren H, Feng J, Jiang X. Machine learning based gray-level co-occurrence matrix early warning system enables accurate detection of colorectal cancer pelvic bone metastases on MRI. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1121594. [PMID: 37035167 PMCID: PMC10073745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The mortality of colorectal cancer patients with pelvic bone metastasis is imminent, and timely diagnosis and intervention to improve the prognosis is particularly important. Therefore, this study aimed to build a bone metastasis prediction model based on Gray level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) - based Score to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods We retrospectively included 614 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent pelvic multiparameter magnetic resonance image(MRI) from January 2015 to January 2022 in the gastrointestinal surgery department of Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm. GLCM-based Score and Machine learning algorithm, that is,artificial neural net7work model(ANNM), random forest model(RFM), decision tree model(DTM) and support vector machine model(SVMM) were used to build prediction model of bone metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. The effectiveness evaluation of each model mainly included decision curve analysis(DCA), area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and clinical influence curve(CIC). Results We captured fourteen categories of radiomics data based on GLCM for variable screening of bone metastasis prediction models. Among them, Haralick_90, IV_0, IG_90, Haralick_30, CSV, Entropy and Haralick_45 were significantly related to the risk of bone metastasis, and were listed as candidate variables of machine learning prediction models. Among them, the prediction efficiency of RFM in combination with Haralick_90, Haralick_all, IV_0, IG_90, IG_0, Haralick_30, CSV, Entropy and Haralick_45 in training set and internal verification set was [AUC: 0.926,95% CI: 0.873-0.979] and [AUC: 0.919,95% CI: 0.868-0.970] respectively. The prediction efficiency of the other four types of prediction models was between [AUC: 0.716,95% CI: 0.663-0.769] and [AUC: 0.912,95% CI: 0.859-0.965]. Conclusion The automatic segmentation model based on diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) using depth learning method can accurately segment the pelvic bone structure, and the subsequently established radiomics model can effectively detect bone metastases within the pelvic scope, especially the RFM algorithm, which can provide a new method for automatically evaluating the pelvic bone turnover of colorectal cancer patients.
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Development of the Peritoneal Metastasis: A Review of Back-Grounds, Mechanisms, Treatments and Prospects. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010103. [PMID: 36614904 PMCID: PMC9821147 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a malignant disease which originated from several gastrointestinal and gynecological carcinomas and has been leading to a suffering condition in patients for decades. Currently, as people have gradually become more aware of the severity of peritoneal carcinomatosis, new molecular mechanisms for targeting and new treatments have been proposed. However, due to the uncertainty of influencing factors involved and a lack of a standardized procedure for this treatment, as well as a need for more clinical data for specific evaluation, more research is needed, both for preventing and treating. We aim to summarize backgrounds, mechanisms and treatments in this area and conclude limitations or new aspects for treatments.
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van der Meer R, Jeuken JWM, Bosch SL, van Erning FN, Simkens LHJ, de Hingh IHJT, Roumen RMH. Biomarker concordance between primary colorectal cancer and ovarian metastases: a Dutch cohort study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04502-3. [PMID: 36539535 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The genetic characteristics and mismatch repair (MMR) status of the primary tumor and corresponding metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) are generally considered to be highly concordant. This implies that either the primary or metastatic tumor can be used for testing gene mutation and MMR status. However, whether this is also true for CRC and their ovarian metastases is currently unknown. Ovarian metastases generally show a poorer response to systemic therapy compared to other metastatic sites. Differences in biomarker status between primary CRC and ovarian metastases could possibly explain this difference in therapy response. METHODS The study cohort was selected from CRC patients treated in two Dutch hospitals. Eligible patients with CRC and ovarian metastasis who were surgically treated between 2011 and 2018 were included. CRC and corresponding ovarian metastatic tissues were paired. Gene mutation status was established using next-generation sequencing, while the MMR status was established using either immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability analysis. RESULTS Matched samples of CRC and ovarian metastasis from 26 patients were available for analysis. A biomarker concordance of 100% was detected. CONCLUSION Complete biomarker concordance was found between MMR proficient CRC and their matching ovarian metastasis. Biomarker testing of MMR proficient CRC tissue appears to be sufficient, and additional testing of metastatic ovarian tissue is not necessary. Differences in therapy response between ovarian metastases and other metastases from CRC are thus unlikely to be caused by differences in the genetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard van der Meer
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Steven L Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins-PAMM, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Felice N van Erning
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Cancer Institute, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke H J Simkens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace H J T de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Cancer Institute, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- GROW - School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi M H Roumen
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
- GROW - School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Lai J, Lu Y, Ye J, Wang Y. Screening and identification of hub gene and differential gene and mutation sequence analysis of related genes in colorectal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:3056-3066. [PMID: 36636081 PMCID: PMC9830333 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the research of genomics is in ascendency, and using bioinformatics analysis methods to systematically explore the pathogenic genes and their regulatory mechanisms will play a great role in promoting the research of cancer. This study was to search The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and extract inflammation-related non-coding RNA to construct a prognosis model of colon cancer and search for new immunotherapeutic targets. Methods The transcriptome sequencing data and clinical data of 396 colon cancer patients were downloaded from TCGA database, and the inflammation-related non-coding RNA was obtained from the non-coding RNAs in Inflammation (ncRI) database. The prognostic model was constructed by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate Cox regression, and the optimal grouping threshold of risk score was determined by X-Tile software. The patients were risk stratified to further explore the differences in immune cell infiltration and biological function between the high- and low-risk groups. Results The TCGA dataset of colon cancer was included to screen out 120 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that overlapped in the 2 datasets, among which 29 genes were up-regulated and 91 genes were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the above 120 DEGs showed that proximal tubule sodium bicarbonate recovery, nitrogen metabolism, pancreatic fluid secretion, and PPAR signaling pathways were closely related to the occurrence of colon cancer. The expression of copper death-related genes was significantly correlated with the correlation coefficient of colon cancer (P<0.01). Gene Ontology analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in messenger RNA processing, RNA splicing, small G protein-mediated signal transduction, adhesion junction, mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrial protein complex, chromatin binding, small G protein binding, and Ras G protein binding, among others. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in the following pathways: herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, pathways of neurodegenerative diseases, Huntington's disease, prion disease, Parkinson's disease, the Ras signaling pathway, and so on. Conclusions The key genes closely related to colon cancer were effectively screened by the bioinformatics method, which provided a theoretical basis for further study of its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ganzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, China
| | - Leichang Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ganzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ganzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, China
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Kim CH. Molecular Analyses in Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: A Review-An English Version. J Anus Rectum Colon 2022; 6:197-202. [PMID: 36348949 PMCID: PMC9613417 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2022-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a trend showing continued improvement in survival by combing targeted agents in colorectal cancer, the improvement was limited, and clinically meaningful benefits were not achieved in peritoneal metastasis. The role of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and proportion of the benefit from hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been questioned. The PRODIGE 7 study aimed to assess the specific contribution of HIPEC to the survival benefit of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC-PM) by grouping CRS alone versus CRS with oxaliplatin-based HIPEC, but failed to show any survival improvement. Of these criticisms, oxaliplatin resistance was suggested as the main cause of the negative result. In this regard, the relative resistance to oxaliplatin in consensus molecular subtype 4 colorectal cancer (CRC) is of great interest. Recent treatments for metastatic CRC have gradually moved to precision medicine based on individual biological information through high-throughput technology such as next generation sequencing. This review aimed to provide an overview of the current status of studies reporting the molecular knowledge of CRC-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Yu S, Liu D, Sun L. LncmiRHG-MIR100HG: A new budding star in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:997532. [PMID: 36212400 PMCID: PMC9544809 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.997532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MIR100HG, also known as lncRNA mir-100-let-7a-2-mir-125b-1 cluster host gene, is a new and critical regulator in cancers in recent years. MIR100HG is dysregulated in various cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role, which participates in many tumor cell biology processes and cancer-related pathways. The errant expression of MIR100HG has inspired people to investigate the function of MIR100HG and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cancers. Many studies have indicated that dysregulated expression of MIR100HG is markedly correlated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological features. In this review, we will highlight the characteristics and introduce the role of MIR100HG in different cancers, and summarize the molecular mechanism, pathways, chemoresistance, and current research progress of MIR100HG in cancers. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. These updates clarify our understanding of MIR100HG in cancers, which may pave the way for the application of MIR100HG-targeting approaches in future cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongzhe Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Litao Sun, ; Dongzhe Liu,
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Litao Sun, ; Dongzhe Liu,
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Kim CH. Molecular analyses of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.9.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite a trend showing continued improvement in survival by combing targeted agents for colorectal cancer (CRC), the improvement observed is limited. Moreover, clinically relevant benefits were not achieved in peritoneal metastasis cases. The role of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and the benefits of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been questioned. This review aimed to provide an overview of the current status of the studies reporting on the molecular knowledge of peritoneal metastasis from CRC (CRC-PM).Current Concepts: The PRODIGE 7 study was performed to assess the specific contributions of HIPEC to the survival benefit in CRC-PM cases by comparing CRS treatment alone and CRS with oxaliplatin-based HIPEC. However, this study did not reveal any survival improvement, and oxaliplatin resistance was suggested as the main cause of this negative outcome. Hence, the relative resistance to oxaliplatin in consensus molecular subtype (CMS) 4 CRC is of great interest.Discussion and Conclusion: Recent treatments for metastatic CRC have gradually moved to precision medicine based on individual biological information through high-throughput technology, such as next-generation sequencing. In the transcriptome study, CRC-PM was identified as an almost homogeneous CMS4 classification, which is known to have strong resistance to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. These results suggest the need to clarify complex sub-signal transmission pathways derived from transcriptome or proteome studies of CRC-PM. Finally, to compare two studies, it is necessary to establish a representative patient group and consider standardized sample collection, treatment, and analysis.
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Chen X, Tu J, Liu C, Wang L, Yuan X. MicroRNA-621 functions as a metastasis suppressor in colorectal cancer by directly targeting LEF1 and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Life Sci 2022; 308:120941. [PMID: 36087740 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is the leading death-causing among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Recently, a novel tumor-related microRNA, miR-621, has been identified as a tumor suppressor in diverse tumor types, but its role in CRLM remains unclear and requires further investigation. MAIN METHODS To elucidate novel regulators of CRLM progression, we used a well-established CRLM animal model. After serially transplanting human colon carcinoma cell lines Caco-2 into the liver, we obtained liver metastatic variants that exhibited a strong ability for invasion and metastasis. High-throughput sequencing was conducted on these newly established cell lines. After comparison and prediction between the two cell lines: parental Caco-2 (hereafter referred to as F0) and F3, miR-621 was identified as a candidate regulator for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) expression. Further validation was achieved with dual-luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS The gain- and loss-of-function validation showed that miR-621 inhibits cell viability, cell cycle progression, colony formation, and proliferation in vitro. Meanwhile, miR-621 could reverse EMT malignant phenotype. LEF1, an important downstream mediator of activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was validated as the direct functional target of miR-621. miR-621 interacts directly with the LEF1 3'-UTR and post-transcriptionally suppresses LEF1 expression. Moreover, LEF1 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-621. LEF1 silencing counteracted miR-621 down-regulation-induced effects. Further in vivo experiments revealed that miR-621 over-expression suppressed CRLM, but LEF1 abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-621. SIGNIFICANCE MiR-621 is a vital tumor suppressor in CRC and could be a promising anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chaofan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Yu IS, Aubin F, Goodwin R, Loree JM, Mather C, Sheffield BS, Snow S, Gill S. Tumor Biomarker Testing for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: a Canadian Consensus Practice Guideline. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221111705. [PMID: 35898967 PMCID: PMC9310231 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic therapy management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has evolved from primarily cytotoxic chemotherapies to now include targeted agents given alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular drivers of colorectal cancer not only aided the development of novel targeted therapies but led to the discovery of tumor mutations which act as predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response. Mutational status of the KRAS gene became the first genomic biomarker to be established as part of standard of care molecular testing, where KRAS mutations within exons 2, 3, and 4 predict a lack of response to anti- epidermal growth factor receptor therapies. Since then, several other biomarkers have become relevant to inform mCRC treatment; however, there are no published Canadian guidelines which reflect the current standards for biomarker testing. This guideline was developed by a pan-Canadian advisory group to provide contemporary, evidence-based recommendations on the minimum acceptable standards for biomarker testing in mCRC, and to describe additional biomarkers for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene S. Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer
Surrey, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Francine Aubin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department
of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC,
Canada
| | - Rachel Goodwin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of
Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Loree
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer
Agency - Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl Mather
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brandon S. Sheffield
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, William Osler
Health System, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II
Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sharlene Gill
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer
Agency – Vancouver Centre, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6,
Canada
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Liu X, Yang K, Li Z, Liu J. MMP2 Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility in a Chinese Han Population. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6009-6019. [PMID: 35818579 PMCID: PMC9270925 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s364029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelaier Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jikui Liu, Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, #1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-13841498565, Email
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Prognostic Models Incorporating RAS Mutation to Predict Survival in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133223. [PMID: 35804994 PMCID: PMC9264993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and survival vary widely among patients who undergo curative-intent resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Prognostic models provide estimated probabilities of these outcomes and allow the effects of multiple potentially interacting variables to be adjusted and assessed simultaneously. Although many prognostic models based on clinicopathologic factors have been developed since the 1990s to predict survival after resection of CRLM, these models vary in their predictive performance when applied to contemporary cohorts. Rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) mutation status is routinely tested in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor therapy. In addition, mutations in RAS predict survival and recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM. Several recent prognostic models have incorporated RAS mutation status as a surrogate of tumor biology and combined revised clinicopathologic variables to improve the prediction of recurrence and survival. This narrative review aims to evaluate the differences between contemporary prognostic models incorporating RAS mutation status and their clinical applicability in patients considered for curative-intent resection of CRLM.
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Ding RF, Zhang Y, Wu LY, You P, Fang ZX, Li ZY, Zhang ZY, Ji ZL. Discovering Innate Driver Variants for Risk Assessment of Early Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898117. [PMID: 35795065 PMCID: PMC9252167 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main fatal cause of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although enormous efforts have been made to date to identify biomarkers associated with metastasis, there is still a huge gap to translate these efforts into effective clinical applications due to the poor consistency of biomarkers in dealing with the genetic heterogeneity of CRCs. In this study, a small cohort of eight CRC patients was recruited, from whom we collected cancer, paracancer, and normal tissues simultaneously and performed whole-exome sequencing. Given the exomes, a novel statistical parameter LIP was introduced to quantitatively measure the local invasion power for every somatic and germline mutation, whereby we affirmed that the innate germline mutations instead of somatic mutations might serve as the major driving force in promoting local invasion. Furthermore, via bioinformatic analyses of big data derived from the public zone, we identified ten potential driver variants that likely urged the local invasion of tumor cells into nearby tissue. Of them, six corresponding genes were new to CRC metastasis. In addition, a metastasis resister variant was also identified. Based on these eleven variants, we constructed a logistic regression model for rapid risk assessment of early metastasis, which was also deployed as an online server, AmetaRisk (http://www.bio-add.org/AmetaRisk). In summary, we made a valuable attempt in this study to exome-wide explore the genetic driving force to local invasion, which provides new insights into the mechanistic understanding of metastasis. Furthermore, the risk assessment model can assist in prioritizing therapeutic regimens in clinics and discovering new drug targets, and thus substantially increase the survival rate of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lv-Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pan You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital , affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Liang Ji, ; Pan You,
| | - Zan-Xi Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital , affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital , affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital , affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Liang Ji, ; Pan You,
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Genetic Characteristics of Resectable Colorectal Cancer with Pulmonary Metastasis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:2033876. [PMID: 35531124 PMCID: PMC9072045 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2033876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the most common extra-abdominal metastasis site of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of pulmonary metastases (PM) and primary tumors in resectable CRC. The clinical data of 410 patients with PM after CRC surgery and 33 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from January 2012 to July 2019 in our hospital were collected retrospectively. Next, 450-panel gene detection technologies based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to analyze the changes in the gene map and the overall variation in cancer-related genes in PM and primary tumors. After quality control, 19 samples were included in the final gene analysis. The results showed that APC (89.5%), TP53 (89.5%), and KRAS (53%) were the most common mutations in PM and primary tumors, but the gene amplification variation was enriched in primary tumors (4.6% vs. 11.4%). KRAS G12D was the most common site variation of the KRAS gene in both PM and primary tumors of CRC. There was no hotspot mutation in the TP53 locus in CRC, and the TP53 mutation in the PM was consistent with that in the primary lesion. The microsatellite instability (MSI) levels of 10 patients were MSS. The mean tumor mutation burden (TMB) of the primary tumor (5.3 muts·Mb-1) was slightly higher than that of metastasis (5.0 muts·Mb-1). In our institution, the genetic characteristics of resectable PM from CRC may be highly consistent with those of the primary tumor.
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Javed S, Benoist S, Devos P, Truant S, Guimbaud R, Lièvre A, Sefrioui D, Cohen R, Artru P, Dupré A, Bachet JB, de la Fouchardière C, Ploquin A, Turpin A. Prognostic factors of BRAF V600E colorectal cancer with liver metastases: a retrospective multicentric study. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:131. [PMID: 35461290 PMCID: PMC9034502 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancers (CRCs) are associated with shorter survival than BRAF wild-type tumors. Therapeutic decision-making for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) harboring this mutation remains difficult due to the scarce literature. The aim was to study a large cohort of BRAF V600E-mutant CRLM patients in order to see if surgery extend overall survival among others prognostic factors. Methods BRAF V600E-mutant CRCs diagnosed with liver-only metastases, resected or not, were retrospectively identified between April 2008 and December 2017, in 25 French centers. Clinical, molecular, pathological characteristics and treatment features were collected. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from CRLM diagnosis to death from any cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used for statistical analysis. Results Among the 105 patients included, 79 (75%) received chemotherapy, 18 (17%) underwent upfront CRLM surgery, and 8 (8%) received exclusive best supportive care. CRLM surgery was performed in 49 (46.7%) patients. CRLM were mainly synchronous (90%) with bilobar presentation (61%). The median OS was 34 months (range, 28.9–67.3 months) for resected patients and 10.6 (6.7–12.5) months for unresected patients (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, primary tumor surgery (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.349; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.164–0.744, P = 0.0064) and CRLM resection (HR = 0.169; 95% CI 0.082–0.348, P < 0.0001) were associated with significantly better OS. Conclusions In the era of systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies, liver surgery seems to extend OS in BRAF V600E-mutant CRCs with liver only metastases historical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Javed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, F-59300, Valenciennes, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Devos
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Astrid Lièvre
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - David Sefrioui
- Digestive Oncology Unit, Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm 1245, IRON group, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Cohen
- Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Artru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jean Mermoz Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Dupré
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leon Berard Cancer Center, UNICANCER, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Ploquin
- Department of Oncology, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Wang C, Pan D. Mutation patterns and prognostic analysis of BRAF/KRAS/PIK3CA in colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24444. [PMID: 35435290 PMCID: PMC9169172 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aberrant gene expression and abnormal signaling pathways often occur in patients with colorectal cancer, in which mutations in B-Raf Proto-Oncogene (BRAF), KRAS Proto-Oncogene (KRAS), and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) are quite common. In this study, the relationship between BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathologic features and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients was investigated. METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with colorectal cancer admitted to Affiliated people's Hospital (Fujian Provincial People's Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected and grouped according to the mutation patterns of BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA. The association between BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations and pathological factors (age, sex, etc.) was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed to screen the impact factors of overall survival time by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve, and Cox regression model was established for the selected factors. RESULTS BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations were not associated with age, sex, and alcoholism. K-M curve and log-rank test results demonstrated that among the factors included in this study, overall survival rate of colorectal cancer patients was only associated with mutation factors. The prognosis of KRAS+/PIK3CA-/BRAF-mutant and KRAS-/PIK3CA-/BRAF+mutant patients was better than that of KRAS+/PIK3CA+/BRAF-mutant patients. CONCLUSION The mutant patterns of BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA were not related to the general and clinicopathological features of patients. The mutant pattern could be used as an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated people's Hospital (Fujian Provincial People's Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Diling Pan
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Yekedüz E, Akbulut H, Utkan G, Ürün Y. Genomic Landscape of Actionable Mutations in Primary and Metastatic Tissues of Colon Adenocarcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e24175. [PMID: 35592200 PMCID: PMC9110093 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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High Dual Expression of the Biomarkers CD44v6/α2β1 and CD44v6/PD-L1 Indicate Early Recurrence after Colorectal Hepatic Metastasectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081939. [PMID: 35454846 PMCID: PMC9027562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the biology of CRC, distant metastases might support the identification of high-risk patients for early recurrence and targeted therapy. Expression of a panel of druggable, metastasis-related biomarkers was immunohistochemically analyzed in 53 liver (LM) and 15 lung metastases (LuM) and correlated with survival. Differential expression between LM and LuM was observed for the growth factor receptors IGF1R (LuM 92.3% vs. LM 75.8%, p = 0.013), EGFR (LuM 68% vs. LM 41.5%, p = 0.004), the cell adhesion molecules CD44v6 (LuM 55.7% vs. LM 34.9%, p = 0.019) and α2β1 (LuM 88.3% vs. LM 58.5%, p = 0.001) and the check point molecule PD-L1 (LuM 6.1% vs. LM 3.3%, p = 0.005). Contrary, expression of HGFR, Hsp90, Muc1, Her2/neu, ERα and PR was comparable in LuM and LM. In the LM cohort (n = 52), a high CD44v6 expression was identified as an independent factor of poor prognosis (PFS: HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.18-4.78, p = 0.016). High co-expression of CD44v6/α2β1 (HR 4.14, 95% CI 1.65-10.38, p = 0.002) and CD44v6/PD-L1 (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.21-6.85, p = 0.017) indicated early recurrence after hepatectomy, in a substantial number of patients (CD44v6/α2β1: 11 (21.15%) patients; CD44v6/PD-L1: 12 (23.1%) patients). Dual expression of druggable protein biomarkers may refine prognostic prediction and stratify high-risk patients for new therapeutic concepts, depending on the metastatic location.
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Liu YJ, Han M, Li JP, Zeng SH, Ye QW, Yin ZH, Liu SL, Zou X. An Analysis Regarding the Association Between Connexins and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Tumor Microenvironment. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2461-2476. [PMID: 35449599 PMCID: PMC9017696 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s361362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gap junctions, as one of the major ways to maintain social connections between cells, are now considered as one of the potential regulators of tumor metastasis. However, to date, studies on the relationship between gap junctions and colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited. Methods We synthesized connexins-coding gene expression data from public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using R software and several database resources such as MEXPRESS database, Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub (TISCH) database, Search Tool for Retrieval of Gene Interaction Relationships (STRING), and Cytoscape software, etc., to investigate the biological mechanisms that may be involved in connexins. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining were used to validate the expression and localization of GJA4. Results We found that CRC patients can be divided into two connexin clusters and that patients in cluster C1 had shorter survival than in cluster C2. The infiltration of M1 macrophages and NK cells was lower in cluster C1, while the levels of M2 macrophages and immune checkpoints were higher, indicating an immunosuppressed state in cluster C1. In addition, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype was significantly activated in cluster C1. We observed that GJA4 was up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues, which was related to poor prognosis. It was mainly expressed in fibroblasts, but the expression levels in normal intestinal epithelial cells were low. Finally, we found that GJA4 was associated with M2 macrophages and may be a potential immunosuppressive factor. Conclusion We found that there is a significant correlation between abnormal connexins expression and patients’ prognosis, and connexins play an important role in stromal-tumor interactions. Connexins, especially GJA4, can help enhance our understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) and may guide more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-pin Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-hong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-wen Ye
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-hua Yin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen-lin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xi Zou; Shen-lin Liu, Email ;
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Kunimasa K, Matsumoto S, Nishino K, Honma K, Maeda N, Kuhara H, Tamiya M, Inoue T, Kawamura T, Kimura T, Maniwa T, Okami J, Goto K, Kumagai T. Comparison of sampling methods for next generation sequencing for patients with lung cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2744-2754. [PMID: 35274488 PMCID: PMC9302352 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Success of next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis is becoming indispensable in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. However, the advantages and disadvantages of each sampling method in the NGS analysis have not yet been clarified. Methods We compared the success rates of NGS analysis, and DNA and RNA yields for transbronchial biopsy (TBB), endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA), computed tomography (CT)‐guided biopsy, fluid sample, and surgical biopsy for NGS analysis in patients through the lung cancer genomic screening project for individualized medicine (LC‐SCRUM)‐Asia, a nationwide NGS screening project. In case, sufficient samples could not be collected by TBB and EBUS‐TBNA, re‐biopsy (genome re‐biopsy) was performed. Results A total of 223 patients were enrolled and success rates of NGS analysis were not different between samples obtained through TBB, EBUS‐TBNA, and CT‐guided biopsy; however, success rates for fluid samples and surgical biopsy samples were significantly higher than those of other methods. The risk of genome re‐biopsy was higher with TBB for centrally located lesions. CT‐guided biopsy yielded more samples but had a lower success rate for analysis of RNA‐based NGS than TBB. Conclusions TBB is the mainstay of sampling methods, but for centrally located lesions, EBUS‐TBNA may be a better strategy. For CT‐guided biopsy, the success rate of RNA‐based NGS analysis is low. Fluid samples are expected to yield successful results as surgical biopsy samples, but the latter are better for sample preservation. Determining the optimal method for genome biopsy for each case is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology & Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanako Kuhara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maniwa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Parente P, Malapelle U, Angerilli V, Balistreri M, Lonardi S, Pucciarelli S, De Luca C, Pepe F, Russo G, Vigliar E, Danza A, Scaramuzzi F, Troncone G, Graziano P, Fassan M. MMR profile and microsatellite instability status in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with synchronous metastasis: a new clue for the clinical practice. J Clin Pathol 2022:jclinpath-2022-208143. [PMID: 35145019 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2022-208143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) is associated with a high frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI). In the metastatic setting, it is crucial to establish mismatch repair (MMR) and/or MSI status. However, genetic heterogeneity between primary tumour and synchronous metastasis and the diagnostic accuracy of the assay may hamper the MMR/MSI status evaluation. METHODS In this study, we assessed the concordance rate of the MMR/MSI status between primary tumour and paired synchronous metastasis of 25 MAs. MMR status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while MSI status was evaluated by using three different molecular approaches: microfluidic electrophoresis of PCR products (TapeStation 4200 platform), full-closed RTqPCR system (Idylla system) and multiplex amplification with fluorescent primers and subsequent DNA fragment analysis on an automated sequencer (Titano MSI test). RESULTS The concordance rate between primary MA and metastasis was 21/21 (100%), 23/25 (92.0%), 23/25 (92.0%) and 21/25 (84%) by using IHC, Idylla system, Titano MSI test and TapeStation 4200 system. All the four methods used in our study displayed high concordant rate, ranging from 91.0% (IHC vs Tapestation 4200 platform) to 98.0% (IHC vs Titano). CONCLUSIONS Several methodologies are frequently adopted in routine practice to successfully perform MMR/MSI status analysis. The most relevant issues related to MMR/MSI status analysis in MAs concern with low percentage of neoplastic cell and abundant mucine that may affect the molecular analysis. Thus, it might be useful to acquire both primary and metastatic sample to evaluate the MMR/MSI status by integrating IHC evaluation and molecular methodologies to successfully perform molecular profiling for MA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua (PD), Italy
| | | | - Sara Lonardi
- Oncology Unit 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Castelfranco Veneto (TV), Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology Sciences, First Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua (PD), Italy
| | - Caterina De Luca
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Angela Danza
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Fabio Scaramuzzi
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples (NA), Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua (PD), Italy .,Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua (PD), Italy
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Hamed RA, Marks S, Mcelligott H, Kalachand R, Ibrahim H, Atyani S, Korpanty G, Osman N. Inoperable de novo metastatic colorectal cancer with primary tumour in situ: Evaluating discordant responses to upfront systemic therapy of the primary tumours and metastatic sites and complications arising from primary tumours (experiences from an Irish Cancer Centre). Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:40. [PMID: 35003738 PMCID: PMC8739439 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for de novo metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Heterogeneity between primary tumours and metastases may lead to discordant responses to systemic therapy at these sites. The aim of the present study was to examine these discrepancies and to evaluate the rates of complications arising from the primary tumour and the strategies employed to manage these complications. Electronic medical records were screened for patients eligible for data analysis between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2019. All patients diagnosed with de novo mCRC with primary tumour in situ at the time of initial systemic therapy were included in data analysis. Responses in primary tumour and metastatic sites (according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours v1.1), discrepancies in these responses and rates of complications arising from primary tumours were assessed along with patient, pathological or molecular factors that may be associated with these discrepant responses or primary tumour complications. A total of 50 patients were identified (median age, 62 years). Right-colon, left-colon and rectal primary tumours comprised 34, 44 and 22% of CRC cases, respectively. All patients received 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (either alone or in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan). Disease response (DR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were observed as the first response to systemic therapy in 24, 62 and 12% of primary tumours and in 36, 18 and 44% of metastatic sites, respectively. Only 36% of patients demonstrated concordant responses between the primary tumours and metastases, while the remaining 62% demonstrated discordant responses between the primary tumour and distant metastases (22% had DR with SD; 36% had DR or SD with PD; and 4% had PD with SD in the primary tumour and metastases, respectively). Restaging images were not available for 2% of the patients. Approximately 30% of patients developed complications from primary tumours, including bowel obstruction (6.12%), perforation (6%), rectal pain (6%) and rectal bleeding (10%). Approximately 10% of patients underwent palliative stoma creation. Additionally, 12% required palliative radiotherapy to the primary tumour (due to localized complications arising from the tumour). Discordant responses to systemic therapy between primary tumours and metastases occurred in 60% of patients with de novo mCRC (with primary tumour in situ at the time of first systemic therapy). The observations of the present study have potential implications for molecular tissue analysis to help guide systemic therapy. Tissue from metastatic sites may be preferable to confirm biomarker status in mCRC based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba A Hamed
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Sam Marks
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Helen Mcelligott
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Roshni Kalachand
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Hawa Ibrahim
- Palliative Department, St. Francis Hospice, Dublin 5 D05 T9K8, Ireland
| | - Said Atyani
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Greg Korpanty
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Nemer Osman
- Department of Oncology, Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
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41
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Frias-Gomes C, Sousa AC, Rolim I, Henriques AR, Branco F, Janeiro A, Malveiro S, Dário AR, Oliveira MH, Borralho P, Teixeira JA, Faria A, Maio R, Fonseca I, Cravo M. Phenotype-Genotype Correlation in Colorectal Cancer: A Real-Life Study. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 29:13-21. [PMID: 35111960 PMCID: PMC8787526 DOI: 10.1159/000516009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with distinctive genetic pathways, such as chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and methylator pathway. Our aim was to correlate clinical and genetic characteristics of CRC patients in order to understand clinical implications of tumour genotype. METHODS Single-institution retrospective cohort of patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC, from 2012 to 2014. RAS and BRAF mutations were evaluated with the real-time PCR technique Idylla®. Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) was characterized by absence of MLH1, MSH6, MSH2 and/or PMS2 expression, evaluated by tissue microarrays. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using survival analysis. RESULTS Overall, 242 patients were included (males 57.4%, age 69.3 ± 12.9 years; median follow-up 49 months). RAS-mutated tumours were associated with reduced DFS (p = 0.02) and OS (p = 0.045) in stage I-III CRC. BRAF-mutated tumours were more predominant in females and in the right colon, similarly to dMMR tumours. BRAF status did not influence OS (4 years)/DFS (3.5 years) in stage I-III disease. However, after relapse, length of survival was 3.5 months in BRAF-mutated tumours in contrast to 18.6 months in BRAF wild-type tumours (p = NS). No germline mutations in mismatch repair genes were so far identified in the patients with dMMR tumours. Molecular phenotype (RAS, BRAF and MMR) did not influence OS in metastatic patients. Our small sample size may be a limitation of the study. CONCLUSION In our cohort, RAS-mutated tumours were associated with worse DFS and OS in early-stage CRC, whereas the remaining molecular variables had no prognostic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Frias-Gomes
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Rolim
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Henriques
- Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Branco
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Departamento de Oncologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - André Janeiro
- Genomed, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Malveiro
- Genomed, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Dário
- Genomed, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Borralho
- Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Teixeira
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Departamento de Oncologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Departamento de Oncologia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Rui Maio
- Serviço de Cirurgia Geral, Departamento de Cirurgia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fonseca
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marília Cravo
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
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Ma Y, Qu R, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Fu W. Progress in the Study of Colorectal Cancer Caused by Altered Gut Microbiota After Cholecystectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:815999. [PMID: 35282463 PMCID: PMC8907136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.815999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people who undergo cholecystectomy compared to healthy individuals. After cholecystectomy, bile enters the duodenum directly, unregulated by the timing of meals. Disruption of the balance of bile acid metabolism and increased production of primary bile acids, which in turn affects the composition and abundance of intestinal microorganisms. The link among cholecystectomy, the gut microbiota, and the occurrence and development of CRC is becoming clearer. However, due to the complexity of the microbial community, the mechanistic connections are less well understood. In this review, we summarize the changes of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy and illuminate the potential mechanisms on CRC, such as inflammation and immune regulation, production of genotoxins, metabolism of dietary ingredients, activation of signaling pathways, and so on. By reviewing these, we aimed to unravel the interactions between the gut microbiota and its host and be better positioned to develop treatments for CRC after cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Zhang, ; Wei Fu,
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Zhang, ; Wei Fu,
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43
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Patel SB, Bookstein R, Farahani N, Chevarie-Davis M, Pao A, Aguiluz A, Riley C, Hodge JC, Alkan S, Liu Z, Deng N, Lopategui JR. Recommendations for Specimen and Therapy Selection in Colorectal Cancer. Oncol Ther 2021; 9:451-469. [PMID: 33895946 PMCID: PMC8593092 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next-generation sequencing has emerged as a clinical tool for the identification of actionable mutations to triage advanced colorectal cancer patients for targeted therapies. The literature is conflicted as to whether primaries or their metastases should be selected for sequencing. Some authors suggest that either site may be sequenced, whereas others recommend sequencing the primary, the metastasis, or even both tumors. Here, we address this issue head on with a meta-analysis and provide for the first time a set of sensible recommendations to make this determination. METHODS From our own series, we include 43 tumors from 13 patients including 14 primaries, 10 regional lymph node metastases, 17 distant metastases, and two anastomotic recurrences sequenced using the 50 gene Ion AmpliSeq cancer NGS panel v2. RESULTS Based on our new cohort and a meta-analysis, we found that ~ 77% of patient-matched primary-metastatic pairs have identical alterations in these 50 cancer-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS Low tumor cellularity, tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, treatment status, sample quality, and/or size of the sequencing panel accounted for a proportion of the differential detection of mutations at primary and metastatic sites. The therapeutic implications of the most frequently discordant alterations (TP53, APC, PIK3CA, and SMAD4) are discussed. Our meta-analysis indicates that a subset of patients who fail initial therapy may benefit from sequencing of additional sites to identify new actionable genomic abnormalities not present in the initial analysis. Evidence-based recommendations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal B Patel
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- HeloGenika LLC, Dexter, MI, 48130, USA
| | - Robert Bookstein
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Navid Farahani
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Myriam Chevarie-Davis
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Andy Pao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Angela Aguiluz
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Christian Riley
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jennelle C Hodge
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Serhan Alkan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Zhenqui Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean R Lopategui
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8700 Beverly Blvd., SSB #362, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Osumi H, Vecchione L, Keilholz U, Vollbrecht C, Alig AHS, von Einem JC, Stahler A, Striefler JK, Kurreck A, Kind A, Modest DP, Stintzing S, Jelas I. NeoRAS wild-type in metastatic colorectal cancer: Myth or truth?-Case series and review of the literature. Eur J Cancer 2021; 153:86-95. [PMID: 34153718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Upfront KRAS and NRAS gene testing ('RAS') is the standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), to guide first-line treatment. The presence of RAS mutation (MT) is a negative predictor for the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibodies and the use of cetuximab and panitumumab is restricted to RAS wild-type (WT) mCRC. Conversion from RAS WT to RAS MT mCRC after treatment with anti-EGFR antibodies is a known and well-described acquired resistance mechanism. The by far less frequent 'NeoRAS wild-type' phenomenon (reversion from RAS MT to RAS WT) has recently drawn attention. The proposed effect of chemotherapy on RAS status in mCRC patients is not fully understood. Because of the intriguing biological consequence of a RAS MT to RAS WT reversion, subsequent treatment of NeoRAS WT patients with anti-EGFR antibodies is increasingly being discussed. Here, we report three clinical cases of NeoRAS WT mCRC patients, which received standard-of-care regimens for RAS MT mCRC. Anti-EGFR antibodies were used in two out of three patients after progression of the disease. One of the patients had a long-term response. In line with our observations, NeoRAS WT phenomenon occurs in clinical practice. Retesting of RAS status during treatment should be discussed in patients with unusual long-term clinical courses of RAS MT mCRC to optimise treatment strategy and to evaluate the use of anti-EGFR antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Osumi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Loredana Vecchione
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- Institute of Pathology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabel H S Alig
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst C von Einem
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arndt Stahler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana K Striefler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Kurreck
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kind
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik P Modest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Jelas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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45
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Dagenborg VJ, Marshall SE, Grzyb K, Fretland ÅA, Lund-Iversen M, Mælandsmo GM, Ree AH, Edwin B, Yaqub S, Flatmark K. Low Concordance Between T-Cell Densities in Matched Primary Tumors and Liver Metastases in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671629. [PMID: 34178659 PMCID: PMC8220067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The subtype, density and location of tumor infiltrating T-cells are being explored as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in primary colorectal cancer (pCRC) and colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Very limited data exist comparing findings in pCRC and matched CLM. Patients and methods Fifty-eight patients with available pCRC and matched CLM (57/58 microsatellite stable) were included in this OSLO-COMET substudy. In immunohistochemically stained sections, total (Ttot), helper (TH), cytotoxic (CTL), and regulatory (Treg) T-cells were manually counted in hotspots from the invasive margin (IM), intratumor (IT), and tumor adjacent regions to determine T-cell densities. Results A striking accumulation of T-cells was found in IM of both pCRC and CLM with much lower densities in the IT region, exemplified by Ttot of 2838 versus 340 cells/mm2, respectively, in CLM. The correlation at the individual level between T-cell densities in pCRC and corresponding CLM was poor for all regions and T-cell subtypes; for instance, the correlation coefficient (R2) for IM Ttot was 0.07. The IT TH : CTL and Treg : TH ratios were 2.94 and 0.44, respectively, in pCRC, and 1.84 and 0.24, respectively, in CLM. Conclusion The observed accumulation of T-cells in the IM regions of pCRC and CLM with low penetration to the IT regions, combined with high TH : CTL and Treg : TH ratios, point to the presence of an immune suppressive microenvironment. T-cell densities of CLM differed markedly from the matched pCRC, indicating that to evaluate T-cell biomarkers in metastasis, the commonly available pCRC cannot serve as a surrogate for the metastatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegar Johansen Dagenborg
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Krzysztof Grzyb
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund Avdem Fretland
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway-University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Bjørn Edwin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Konishi T, Yoshidome H, Shida T, Furukawa K, Takayashiki T, Kuboki S, Takano S, Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M. Phosphorylated mTOR expression as a predictor of survival after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:598-606. [PMID: 34061356 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) plays a crucial role in the process of cancer progression. Common gene mutations of colorectal cancer lead to the activation of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway. In this study, we determined whether p-mTOR expression in colorectal liver metastases is a predictive marker of prognosis following liver resection. METHODS Eighty-one patients with colorectal liver metastases who had undergone curative resection were evaluated using immunohistochemistry of p-mTOR. Data regarding clinicopathological features and patient survival were analyzed. RESULTS The p-mTOR expression in colorectal liver metastases was detected in 55 (67.9%) patients. Patients whose metastases had high p-mTOR expression showed a significantly lower overall survival rate after resection as compared to patients with low p-mTOR expression (p = 0.016), while there was no significant difference in the disease-free survival between the two groups. Repeat resection for recurrence was performed more frequently in patients with p-mTOR positive than others (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that p-mTOR expression was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival after liver resection (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS mTOR was frequently activated in colorectal liver metastases, and the p-mTOR expression was a biological marker for predicting the overall survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases following liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Konishi
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshidome
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Oami Municipal Hospital, Oami-Shirasato-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shida
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takayashiki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
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47
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High Concordance of Genomic Profiles between Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115561. [PMID: 34074070 PMCID: PMC8197329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparison of the genetic profiles between primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is needed to enable the discovery of useful therapeutic targets against metastatic CRCs. We performed the targeted next generation sequencing assay of 170 cancer-associated genes for 142 metastatic CRCs, including 95 pairs of primary and metastatic CRCs, to reveal their genomic characteristics and to assess the genetic heterogeneity. The most frequently mutated gene in primary and metastatic CRCs was APC (71% vs. 65%), TP53 (54% vs. 57%), KRAS (45% vs. 44%), PIK3CA (16% vs. 19%), SMAD4 (15% vs. 14%) and FBXW7 (11% vs. 11%). The concordance in the top six frequently mutated genes was 85%, on average. The overall mutation frequencies were consistent with two sets of public data (TCGA and MSKCC). To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to compare the genetic profiles of our cohort with that of the metastatic CRCs from MSKCC. Comparative sequencing analysis between primary and metastatic CRCs revealed a high degree of genetic concordance in the current clinically actionable genes. Therefore, the genetic investigation of archived primary tumor samples with the challenges of obtaining an adequate sample from metastatic sites appears to be sufficient for the application of cancer precision medicine in the metastatic setting.
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48
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De Las Casas LE, Hicks DG. Pathologists at the Leading Edge of Optimizing the Tumor Tissue Journey for Diagnostic Accuracy and Molecular Testing. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:781-792. [PMID: 33582767 PMCID: PMC8130880 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor biomarker analyses accompanying immuno-oncology therapies are coupled with a tumor tissue journey aiming to guide tissue procurement and allow for accurate diagnosis and delivery of test results. The engagement of pathologists in the tumor tissue journey is essential because they are able to link the preanalytic requirements of this process with pathologic evaluation and clinical information, ultimately influencing treatment decisions for patients with cancer. The aim of this review is to provide suggestions on how cancer diagnosis and the delivery of molecular test results may be optimized, based on the needs and available resources of institutions, by placing the tumor tissue journey under the leadership of pathologists. METHODS Literature searches on PubMed and personal experience provided the necessary material to satisfy the objectives of this review. RESULTS Pathologists are usually involved across many steps of the tumor tissue journey and have the requisite knowledge to ensure its efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The expansion of oncology diagnostic testing emphasizes the need for pathologists to acquire a leadership role in the multidisciplinary effort to optimize the accuracy, completeness, and delivery of diagnoses guiding personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Hicks
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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49
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Discordance of KRAS Mutational Status between Primary Tumors and Liver Metastases in Colorectal Cancer: Impact on Long-Term Survival Following Radical Resection. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092148. [PMID: 33946899 PMCID: PMC8125529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary KRAS mutational heterogeneity between primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases may present a challenge in assessing prognostic information prior to the multimodal treatment. Aim of our study is to assess the incidence of KRAS discordance in a single-center series by comparing primary colorectal tumor specimens with the corresponding liver metastasis. Mutation analyses in all patients were performed at the same institution. Impact of discordance on overall survival and risk factors associated with discordance were analyzed. Our study showed that KRAS discordance was observed in 15.9% of patients. In patients with wild-type colorectal primary tumors, subsequent acquisition of mutation in the corresponding liver metastasis was associated with worse overall survival and was significantly more frequently found in patients with multiple liver metastases. These results suggested that, in the era of precision medicine, the possibility of KRAS discordance should be taken into account within the multidisciplinary management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Abstract If KRAS mutation status of primary colorectal tumor is representative of corresponding colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) mutational pattern, is controversial. Several studies have reported different rates of KRAS discordance, ranging from 4 to 32%. Aim of this study is to assess the incidence of discordance and its impact on overall survival (OS) in a homogenous group of patients. KRAS mutation status was evaluated in 107 patients resected for both primary colorectal tumor and corresponding CRLM at the same institution, between 2007 and 2018. Discordance rate was 15.9%. Its incidence varied according to the time interval between the two mutation analyses (p = 0.025; Pearson correlation = 0.2) and it was significantly higher during the first 6 months from the time of primary tumor evaluation. On multivariable analysis, type of discordance (wild-type in primary tumor, mutation in CRLM) was the strongest predictor of poor OS (p < 0.001). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, the number of CRLM >3 was an independent risk factor for the risk of KRAS discordance associated with the worst prognosis (OR = 4.600; p = 0.047). Results of our study suggested that, in the era of precision medicine, possibility of KRAS discordance should be taken into account within multidisciplinary management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic and Genetic Signatures for General Transcription Factor III (GTF3) in Clinical Colorectal Cancer Patients Using Bioinformatics Approaches. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:cimb43010002. [PMID: 33925358 PMCID: PMC8935981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the fourth-highest incidence of all cancer types, and its incidence has steadily increased in the last decade. The general transcription factor III (GTF3) family, comprising GTF3A, GTF3B, GTF3C1, and GTFC2, were stated to be linked with the expansion of different types of cancers; however, their messenger (m)RNA expressions and prognostic values in colorectal cancer need to be further investigated. To study the transcriptomic expression levels of GTF3 gene members in colorectal cancer in both cancerous tissues and cell lines, we first performed high-throughput screening using the Oncomine, GEPIA, and CCLE databases. We then applied the Prognoscan database to query correlations of their mRNA expressions with the disease-specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) status of the colorectal cancer patient. Furthermore, proteomics expressions of GTF3 family members in clinical colorectal cancer specimens were also examined using the Human Protein Atlas. Finally, genomic alterations of GTF3 family gene expressions in colorectal cancer and their signal transduction pathways were studied using cBioPortal, ClueGO, CluePedia, and MetaCore platform. Our findings revealed that GTF3 family members' expressions were significantly correlated with the cell cycle, oxidative stress, WNT/β-catenin signaling, Rho GTPases, and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Clinically, high GTF3A and GTF3B expressions were significantly correlated with poor prognoses in colorectal cancer patients. Collectively, our study declares that GTF3A was overexpressed in cancer tissues and cell lines, particularly colorectal cancer, and it could possibly step in as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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