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Winias S, Sarasati A, Wicaksono S, Ayuningtyas NF, Ernawati DS, Radithia D. BDNF and Krox20 as Indicators of Platelet-rich Plasma-Induced Nerve Regeneration in a Neuropathic Orofacial Pain Model. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:131-137. [PMID: 37311554 PMCID: PMC10959617 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various growth factors contained in PRP can increase angiogenesis and cell proliferation, which plays an essential role in the process of neuroregeneration and peripheral nerve injury recovery. This study analyzed PRP effects in the neuro-regeneration of axonotmesis through brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Krox20 expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freeze-dried allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were prepared from allogeneic sources. Forty-two Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups: negative control group, positive control group (crushing infraorbital nerve) and treatment group (crushing infraorbital nerve without PRP injection). Each group was observed for fourteen and twenty-one days after injury. Infraorbital nerve tissue is isolated for indirect immunohistochemistry examination with BDNF and Krox20 antibodies. Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests with significant value as p < 0.05. RESULTS The PRP group showed BDNF expression significantly higher than control positive groups, both observation days (p = 0.00). A higher Korx20 expression showed by the PRP group after 21 days than in the control positive groups (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION PRP can potentially improve neuroregeneration of axonotmesis through increased BDNF and Krox20 expression on the twenty-one days after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saka Winias
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andari Sarasati
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Satutya Wicaksono
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Desiana Radithia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Dong Q, Yang X, Liang X, Liu J, Wang B, Zhao Y, Huselstein C, Feng X, Tong Z, Chen Y. Composite Hydrogel Conduit Incorporated with Platelet-Rich Plasma Improved the Regenerative Microenvironment for Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24120-24133. [PMID: 37162458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery remain major challenges in clinical practice. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) which can regulate the regenerative microenvironment are beneficial for peripheral nerve repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can secrete multiple growth factors to regulate the regenerative microenvironment. However, current administration methods of PRP are rapidly activated followed by the burst release of growth factors, causing low therapeutic efficiency in vivo. To overcome these disadvantages, a composite nerve conduit was fabricated by incorporating PRP into a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel. The GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20 NGCs possess optimal mechanical properties, degradation rate, and superior biological performance. Importantly, GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20 NGCs achieved the sustained release of two major growth factors (VEGF-A, PDGF-BB) from PRP. Moreover, the GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20 NGCs significantly promoted the migration of Schwann cells and the neovascularization of endothelial cells in vitro. While bridging 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defects, the GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20 NGCs promoted axonal regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. Therefore, the GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20 NGCs could regulate the regenerative microenvironment by sustained release of growth factors from PRP and shed new light on the clinical application of PRP in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xindi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Binyi Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanteng Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Céline Huselstein
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54505 Nancy, France
| | | | - Zan Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Grosman-Rimon L, Vadasz B, Bondi M, Cohen M, Santos S, Katz J, Clarke H, Singh S, Rimon J, Kumbhare D, Eilat-Adar S. Potential Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:1175-1182. [PMID: 35067552 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Insulin-like growth factors have diverse functions in skeletal muscles by acting through multiple signaling pathways, including growth regulation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation. Insulin-like growth factors have anti-inflammatory effects and also play roles in nociceptive pathways, determining pain sensitivity, in addition to their protective role against ischemic injury in both the nervous system and skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, insulin-like growth factors maintain homeostasis, playing key roles in maintenance, accelerating muscle regeneration, and repair processes. As part of their maintenance role, increased levels of insulin-like growth factors may be required for the repair mechanisms after exercise. Although the role of insulin-like growth factors in myofascial pain syndrome is not completely understood, there is evidence from a recent study that insulin-like growth factor 2 levels in patients with myofascial pain syndrome are lower than those of healthy individuals and are associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Importantly, higher insulin-like growth factor 2 levels are associated with increased pain severity in myofascial pain syndrome patients. This may suggest that too low or high insulin-like growth factor levels may contribute to musculoskeletal disorder process, whereas a midrange levels may optimize healing without contributing to pain hypersensitivity. Future studies are required to address the mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor 2 in myofascial pain syndrome and the optimal level as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Grosman-Rimon
- From the Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel (LG-R, SE-A); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Canada (LG-R, S. Santos, HC, DK); Department of Pathology McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (BV); Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (MB); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (MB); The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (MC); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (JK, HC); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada (JK, JR); and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (S. Singh)
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Idrisova KF, Zeinalova AK, Masgutova GA, Bogov AA, Allegrucci C, Syromiatnikova VY, Salafutdinov II, Garanina EE, Andreeva DI, Kadyrov AA, Rizvanov AA, Masgutov RF. Application of neurotrophic and proangiogenic factors as therapy after peripheral nervous system injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1240-1247. [PMID: 34782557 PMCID: PMC8643040 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic ability of peripheral nerves to regenerate after injury is extremely limited, especially in case of severe injury. This often leads to poor motor function and permanent disability. Existing approaches for the treatment of injured nerves do not provide appropriate conditions to support survival and growth of nerve cells. This drawback can be compensated by the use of gene therapy and cell therapy-based drugs that locally provide an increase in the key regulators of nerve growth, including neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix proteins. Each growth factor plays its own specific angiotrophic or neurotrophic role. Currently, growth factors are widely studied as accelerators of nerve regeneration. Particularly noteworthy is synergy between various growth factors, that is essential for both angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor are widely known for their proangiogenic effects. At the same time, fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulate neural cell growth and play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Taken together, their neurotrophic and angiogenic properties have positive effect on the regeneration process. In this review we provide an in-depth overview of the role of fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the regeneration of peripheral nerves, thus demonstrating their neurotherapeutic efficacy in improving neuron survival in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruslan Faridovich Masgutov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
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Jones EJ, Chiou S, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Piasecki M. Ageing and exercise-induced motor unit remodelling. J Physiol 2022; 600:1839-1849. [PMID: 35278221 PMCID: PMC9314090 DOI: 10.1113/jp281726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A motor unit (MU) comprises the neuron cell body, its corresponding axon and each of the muscle fibres it innervates. Many studies highlight age-related reductions in the number of MUs, yet the ability of a MU to undergo remodelling and to expand to rescue denervated muscle fibres is also a defining feature of MU plasticity. Remodelling of MUs involves two coordinated processes: (i) axonal sprouting and new branching growth from adjacent surviving neurons, and (ii) the formation of key structures around the neuromuscular junction to resume muscle-nerve communication. These processes rely on neurotrophins and coordinated signalling in muscle-nerve interactions. To date, several neurotrophins have attracted focus in animal models, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factors I and II. Exercise in older age has demonstrated benefits in multiple physiological systems including skeletal muscle, yet evidence suggests this may also extend to peripheral MU remodelling. There is, however, a lack of research in humans due to methodological limitations which are easily surmountable in animal models. To improve mechanistic insight of the effects of exercise on MU remodelling with advancing age, future research should focus on combining methodological approaches to explore the in vivo physiological function of the MU alongside alterations of the localised molecular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J. Jones
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Shin‐Yi Chiou
- School of SportExercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre for Human Brain HealthUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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Kallestrup M, Frystyk J, Espelund U, Hjortebjerg R, Tankisi H, Andersen H. PAPP-A activity is increased in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and correlates with peripheral nerve impairment. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 48-49:53-59. [PMID: 31670029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have neuroprotective effects. IGF activity is partly controlled by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), an enzyme which enhances IGF-action by cleavage of IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). To study the role of PAPP-A and the IGF system in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), we measured immunoreactive (total) concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II, bioactive IGF by cell-based bioassay, PAPP-A, as well as intact and PAPP-A-cleaved IGFBP-4 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with and without DPN. DESIGN Twenty-three patients with T2D were included. Based on clinical examination, vibratory perception thresholds and nerve conduction studies, patients were diagnosed with (n = 9) or without (n = 14) DPN. RESULTS In CSF, PAPP-A activity, as estimated by IGFBP-4 fragment levels, was higher in patients with than without DPN (34.57 vs 13.79 μg/L, p = .003) and concentrations correlated with peripheral nerve impairment measures (r = 0.73, p < .01). Furthermore, serum bioactive IGF was lower in patients with than without DPN (0.8 vs 1.3 μg/L, p = .006) and correlated inversely to the severity of DPN (r = -0.67, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS In both CSF and serum, members of the IGF system correlated with measures of peripheral nerve impairment in patients with T2D. This supports a relationship between the IGF system and the development of DPN. Further studies are needed to clarify if these changes are causally linked to the pathogenesis of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kallestrup
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - J Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - U Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - R Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - H Tankisi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - H Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Xu GS, Li ZW, Huang ZP, Brunicardi FC, Jia F, Song C, Zou HJ, Sun RF. MiR-497-5p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting insulin-like growth factor 1. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00860. [PMID: 31441605 PMCID: PMC6785451 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Aberrant expression of miR‐497‐5p has been reported in various human malignancies. However, the role of miR‐497‐5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Results In this study, we found that miR‐497‐5p was downregulated in HCC tissues. The low level of miR‐497‐5p in HCC tumors was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. The overexpression of miR‐497‐5p significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Bioinformatics analysis further identified insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as a novel target of miR‐497‐5p in HCC cells. Conclusion Our study suggested that miR‐497‐5p regulates HCC cell survival, partially through downregulation of IGF1. Therefore, the miR‐497‐5p/IGF1 axis might serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Fu Jia
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedic, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hai-Jian Zou
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Fen Sun
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, China
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miR-129 controls axonal regeneration via regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 in peripheral nerve injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 29915198 PMCID: PMC6006361 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment of peripheral nerve regeneration consists of multiple neurotrophic factors, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix molecules, secreted by unique glial cells in the peripheral nerve system (PNS)-Schwann cell (SCs). Following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), local IGF-1 production is upregulated in SCs and denervated muscle during axonal sprouting and regeneration. Regulation of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is considered as a potentially targeted therapy of PNI. We previously identified a group of novel miRNAs in proximal nerve following rat sciatic nerve transection. The present work focused on the role of miR-129 in regulation of IGF-1 signaling after sciatic nerve injury. The temporal change profile of the miR-129 expression was negatively correlated with the IGF-1 expression in proximal nerve stump and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following sciatic nerve transection. An increased expression of miR-129 inhibited proliferation and migration of SCs, and axonal outgrowth of DRG neurons, which was inversely promoted by silencing of the miR-129 expression. The IGF-1 was identified as one of the multiple target genes of miR-129, which exerted negative regulation of IGF-1 by translational suppression. Moreover, knockdown of IGF-1 attenuated the promoting effects of miR-129 inhibitor on proliferation and migration of SCs, and neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons. Overall, our data indicated that miR-129 own the potential to regulate the proliferation and migration of SCs by targeting IGF-1, providing further insight into the regulatory role of miRNAs in peripheral nerve regeneration. The present work not only provides new insight into miR-129 regulation of peripheral nerve regeneration by robust phenotypic modulation of neural cells, but also opens a novel therapeutic window for PNI by mediating IGF-1 production. Our results may provide further experimental basis for translation of the molecular therapy into the clinic.
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Martins DF, Martins TC, Batisti AP, dos Santos Leonel L, Bobinski F, Belmonte LAO, Mazzardo-Martins L, Cargnin-Ferreira E, Santos ARS. Long-Term Regular Eccentric Exercise Decreases Neuropathic Pain-like Behavior and Improves Motor Functional Recovery in an Axonotmesis Mouse Model: the Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6155-6168. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Deng L, Hou L, Zhang J, Tang X, Cheng Z, Li G, Fang X, Xu J, Zhang X, Xu R. Polymorphism of rs3737597 in DISC1 Gene on Chromosome 1q42.2 in sALS Patients: a Chinese Han Population Case-Control Study. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3162-3179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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